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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Prezentacja zależności zjawisk metodą kartogramu złożonego
    Presentation of phenomena relation using the method of two-variable choropleth map
    Autorzy:
    Leonowicz, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204360.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
    Tematy:
    kartografia
    kartogram
    mapa
    map
    cartography
    choropleth map
    Opis:
    Artukuł poświęcony jest ocenie możliwości zastosowania metody kartogramu złożonego do przedstawiania zależności zjawisk. Omówione zostały zagadnienia metodyczne związane z opracowywaniem kartogramów złożonych. Zwrócono uwagę na problem czytelności tych map.
    Presentation of information about geographic environment in a form of the maps of single phenomena does not always allow for a correct interpretation of relations between them. Simultaneous reading and comparing of several maps is often too difficult for perception of an average reader. Therefore one should look for more synthetic presentation methods, which instead of elementary information - about phenomena distribution, would present transformed information - e.g. about their relations. A two-variable choropleth map can be such a method. Its main feature is, that it presents values of two geographic phenomena within an areal units on map. The article discusses main methodic aspects of two-variable choropleth map elaboration. These are: choise of phenomena to be presented, preparation of a statistical scattergram, which is the basis for class intervals selection, and classification method. The author also presents principles, which should govern the process of planning a graphical solution suitable for the presentation of two variables. A color legend of a two-variable choropleth map used by the U.S. Bureau of the Census in the seventies is an example of such a solution. Poor readability of maps prepared with it suggests that further modifications of this legend are needed. Functioning of two-variable choropleth maps are the main source of limitations of this method. It is impossible to present phenomena distribution and relations at the same time. Thus a two-variable choropleth map should be seen as a compromise. Poor legibility of maps prepared with this method is a source of serious doubts. It has been proved through experimental research (H. Weiner, C.M. Francolini 1980, J. Olson 1981). The reading process can be improved through limiting the number of classes, application of proper graphic solutions and developing a clear legend. Reader's experience with such maps also plays an inoportant role. There necessary, the presentation method should be explained.
    Źródło:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2002, T. 34, nr 4, 4; 273-285
    0324-8321
    Pojawia się w:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Jeszcze o interpretacji typogramu F. Uhorczaka jako narzędzia prezentacji i typologii zjawisk wielocechowych
    A few remarks on the interpretation of Uhorczaks Typograms as tools for presentation and typology of multi-role phenomena
    Autorzy:
    Werner, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204410.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
    Tematy:
    typogram
    kartogram Uhorczaka
    zjawisko wielocechowe
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono propozycję matematycznej i numerycznej interpretacji kartotypogramów Franciszka Uhorczaka, uzupełniając ją nowymi możliwościami analitycznymi. Zaprezentowany algorytm metody oraz graficzne przedstawienie w postaci wykresu zbiorczego jest oryginalnym, autorskim opracowaniem.
    F.Uhorczak's Typograms are used to present multicharacter phenomena. The typogram alone is used less and often. Structural graduated symbols and their modifications are used instead, ahereas the typology is most often presented using typical statistical tools, thanks to the readily available software packages. An important feature of a Typogram (which is almost intuitively understood even by a nonspecialists) is the fact that Typograms have the graphic form of an irregular polygon, each axis of which presents the share of each phenomenon in the whole feature. The proposed interpretation of the Uhorczak's Typograms and other cartotypograms does not alter their geometric construction. It should rather be understood as an attempt to formulate certain mathematical relations as well as an attempt to falsity certain opinions on this graph. A sum of consecutive vectors can be considered as a logical equivalent of a phenomenon presented with a Typogram. Therefore, the formula (1) can be considered as a mathematical formula for the structural Uhorczak's Typogram. Graphic representation of a set of (Carto-) Typograms can be presented as cumulative graphs in the form of regular polygons (equilateral triangle, square, regular pentagon). Each point on a graph represents a unique shape of a Typograms. The interpretation rule is as follows: the closer to the vertex the point is, the more regular the shape of the Typogram. The proposed name for the cumulative graph is the Vector Typogram (Werner 1997). This graph seems to be a valuable tool for representation of structural phenomena, and it would also allow to perform a numerical analysis, which is a good complement to the method of Uhorczak's Typograms.
    Źródło:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2001, T. 33, nr 2, 2; 137-142
    0324-8321
    Pojawia się w:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Czytelność kartogramów prostych i złożonych - badania eksperymentalne
    Effectiveness of one-variable and two-variable choropleth maps - an experimental research
    Autorzy:
    Leonowicz, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204457.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
    Tematy:
    kartogram prosty
    kartogram złożony
    czytanie map
    mapa
    czytelność
    zależność zjawisk geograficznych
    one-variable choropleth map
    two--variable choropleth map
    map reading
    geographical relationship
    effectiveness
    Opis:
    W artykule omówiony został eksperyment przeprowadzony z udziałem użytkowników map, którego celem było porównanie kartogramów prostych i złożonych pod względem czytelności informacji o rozmieszczeniu zjawisk oraz informacji o zależności zjawisk. Uzyskane wyniki świadczą o tym, że kartogramy złożone są dobrze czytelną formą prezentacji zależności zjawisk, co weryfikuje dotychczasowe poglądy kartografów.
    Two-variable choropleth method allows to present two different quantitative variables on the same map. The purpose of such mapping technique is to visualize geographic relationship. Readers' perception is considered to be an important limitation of two-variable choropleth maps. The negative opinion about the effectiveness of this form of presentation is based on maps published in the 1970s by the U. S. Bureau of the Census. Poor readability of Census maps results from an inappropriate graphic representation and it was evidenced experimentally (J. Olson 1981). In order to check improperly designed two-variable chorpleth maps can be well understood by their readers, an experimental test was conducted, in which the effectiveness of one-variable and two-variable solution was compared. It was checked if one-variable maps are more appropriate to show spatial distribution and if two-variable maps make the geographic relationship easier to interpret. The participants were 128 students of geography at Warsaw University. They performed different typical map-reading tasks on one-variable and two-variable choropleth maps. The students were divided into two groups. Each student performed the test twice, each time using a different type of maps - the first group worked with one-variable maps first, the second group worked with two-variable maps first. In order to design comprehensive two-variable maps a complementary color scheme, proposed by J.R. Eyton (1984), was used and number of classes was limited to 9 (3x3). The maps created for experiment looked like the actual census maps. The test consisted of six tasks. The students were asked to extract from maps information about distributions (tasks Rp1, Rp2, Rp3) and variables relationship (tasks Zp1, Zp2, Zp3). Questions were asked about specific as well as about general information; they referred to individual enumeration units, regions and whole maps. As a test result the percentage of correct responses was calculated. At the end of the experiment students expressed their opinions and preferences about both types of maps. The results of this experiment verify opinion about poor readability of two-variable choropleth maps. Students were more accurate in reading spatial distribution on one-variable maps (especially the general pattern) and in reading spatial relationship (at every level of perception) on two-variable maps. They found two-variable maps a little bit more difficult to interpret but this form of presentation seemed more unusual and interesting. They found also that one-variable solution is more appropriate to read distribution and two-variable solution - to read variables relationship. These results showed that two-variable maps, if properly designed, can be quite properly interpreted by map readers and can be useful in visual exploration of geographical data, especially when the relationship between phenomena is crucial.
    Źródło:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2006, T. 38, nr 1, 1; 5-23
    0324-8321
    Pojawia się w:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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