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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Geokompozycje jako ujęcia wideograficzne
    Geocompositions as videographic presentations
    Autorzy:
    Kozieł, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204181.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
    Tematy:
    kartografia
    mapa
    geokompozycja
    komputeryzacja
    mapa multimedialna
    Opis:
    Artykuł, nawiązując do publikacji A.M. Berlanta (1993, 2000), dotyczy geokompozycji jako ujęć wideograficznych, odnoszących się w szczególności do prezentacji multimedialnych. Podjęta próba zdefiniowania geokompozycji ma na celu zwrócenie uwagi kartografów na ten termin, odpowiedni zarówno w stosunku do tradycyjnych, tj. analogowych, jak i komputerowo-sieciowych form przekazu informacji geograficznej. Wobec coraz większej liczby metod i technik wizualizacji danych przestrzennych, integrujących grafikę i dżwięk, zapewne poprawniej byłoby pisać na temat geokompozycji jako ujęć "wideofonicznych". Ze względu jednak na podstawowe znaczenie map w multimedialnych przekazach informacji geograficznej, użyte w tytule określenie "wideograficzne" wydaje się uzasadnione. W związku z dużą różnorodnością geokompozycji, przedstawiono również pierwszą próbę ich sklasyfikowania.
    Multitude of tools used in preparation of contemporary multimedia messages, including maps, generally adds to the final effect perceived in its entirery ( not only by vision). However it is hard to ignore some examples, which methodically go beyond the commonly accepted regulations and schemes. Noticing a significant variety of content and character of contemporary cartographic products, and their growing dependence on software and computers the author feels an urgent need to discuss this problem. It is also necessary to stress changing attitude to editing of multimedia messages, caused by developing quality of sophisticated, widely available tools in the form of computers. These changes consist in supplemwnting of map's graphic with vedeophonic effects (audio-visual). Such messages, meant to amplify aesthetic impressions are referred to ij many different ways: as hyperpresentation (A.M.Berlant 1993), information media (A.H.Robinson 1995), hypermaps (M.-J.Kraak, F.Ormeling 1998), maplike graphic presentations (A.Kowanda, F. helbig 1999), etc. This paper suggests the term geocomposition, which stands for every technical-aesthetic composition of purpose chosen and properly arranged graphic, sound and text elements as variable components, which are independent or act together in various configurations, with possible interactive modification of contents, informing on object, processes, social and natural phenomena taking place in the geosphere. Geocomposition as a type of videographic take is analyzed in general (geocomposition proper) and detailed meaning. In general terms geocomposition proper (Gw) includes: - iconic geocomposition (Gj), including static graphic takes such as a map, drawing, ground photograph, aerial photograph, satellite photograph and other maplike graphics, as well as the same takes in dynamic versions, i.e. animations or films. - phonic geocomposition (Gf), which includes narration, music and sound effects. - iconophonic (ico-phonic) geocomposition (Gjf), i.e. textual. It can belong to both categories, e.g.if an elaborate font is used, it can be treated as graphic-iconic message (including Chinese ideograms); if a narrator reads the same text, it can be treated as a phonic message. Geocomposition (G), in its detailed meaning is usually recognized as uniform geographic presentation, such as a map, plan, drawing, film, photograph (ground, aerial, satellite) or text. It can also represent a separate group of maplike, hard to define takes which have geographic features, but due to their abstract character or lack of scaling are difficult to classify. In such cases geocompositions can be treated as similar to quasi-geopresentation. Variety ofgeocompositions compelled the author to undertake an attempt to classify them. The paper also tries to classify applied technologies. Among other issues it aims to define terms like the shape and version of notation, its form and variety, and factors differentiating various geocompositions. It can be assumed, that in near future geocompositions will be more widely appreciated by geographers and cartopraphers. Until then, it is necessary to develop methodically correct methods of multimedia presentation; on the other hand, the popularization of more effective, higher capacity, wireless computer equipment is still ahead of us.
    Źródło:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2001, T. 33, nr 4, 4; 315-327
    0324-8321
    Pojawia się w:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Od danych do mapy. Cz. 1
    From data to a map. Part one
    Autorzy:
    Korycka-Skorupa, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204226.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
    Tematy:
    kartografia
    mapa
    komputeryzacja
    Opis:
    Autorka omawia kolejne etapy przetwarzania i wizualizacji danych, które pokonuje kartograf opracowujący mapę, by dojść do form prezentacji. Rozważania w pierwszej części artykułu są oparte na zaproponowanym przez autorkę schemacie przejścia od danych do prezentacji kartograficznej. W drugiej części - z rozważań tych wyprowadzone zostaną poszczególne formy prezentacji kartograficznej.
    In contemporary cartography, computer has bacome a basic tool for map elaboration. Cartographic metodology is an important branch of cartography, into which computers have made a dynamic entrance. It lists basic rules of transformation and graphical presentation of data. This article attempts to look at the methods of cartographic presentation through the eyes of the map's editor and establish conditions, which have to be fulfilled to transform a set of data into a properly prepared map. "Cartographic presentation method" - meaning the process is differentiated from "cartographic presentation form" - meaning the result of this process, i.e. the map. The article follows the process of transition from data to cartographic presentation and establishes features, which allow a graphic picture to be called a cartographic presentation form. Data is the starting point of any cartographic presentation. in the process leading from data to presentation (fig.1) there are two separate stages: data preparation (transformation) and data visualization. At the stage of transformation the map editor can, according to the map's purpose, modify source data by changing measurement levels, data reference (point, linear, surface), its character (relative data, absolute data) and way of treating data (continuous, in intervals). Visualization is the next step from data to a cartographic presentation form. At this stage transformed data become a graphic picture. It happens after considering the following presentation elements: -graphical symbol, -visual variables, -graphical rendering, -correctly constructed legend. Correct and logical transfer from data through cartographic presentation method leads to a map. The effects of this transfer are graphic picture, i.e. cartographic presentation forms. Here it should be considered, if every set of data can be freely transformed and visualized and if such procedure would lead directly to a correct and aesy to use cartographic presentation form.
    Źródło:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2002, T. 34, nr 2, 2; 91-102
    0324-8321
    Pojawia się w:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Metody prezentacji gęstości zjawisk rozproszonych na mapach tematycznych
    Methods of presenting density of dispersed phenomena on thematic maps
    Autorzy:
    Spallek, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204270.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
    Tematy:
    kartografia
    mapa
    metoda
    komputer
    komputeryzacja
    Opis:
    W artykule zestawiono i porównano metody kartograficzne stosowane do przedstawienia gęstości zjawisk rozproszonych w celu pokazania mnogości i różnorodności sposobów, jakimi mogą dysponować autorzy map prezentujących tylko jedno zagadnienie. Ponadto przedstawiono różnice między mapami opracowanymi poszczególnymi metodami i informacje, jakie można odczytać z takich map. Problem ten ma tym większe znaczenie, że pojawia się coraz więcej map wykonywanych komputerowo przez niekartografów.
    The author lists and compares cartographic methods of presenting the density of dispersed phenomena: dot method, choropleth, dasymetric choropleth, isoline method, three-dimensional data models. The aim of the paper is to show the multitude and variety of methods, which can be used for presenting just one topic. It also presents differences between maps prepared with different methods and shows what information can be found in them. Wide availability of computers and software related to Geographic Information Systems (GIS), makes it possible for anyone to prepare a map. For non-cartographers the choice of method depends mainly on what methods are available (usually in the form of instructions) in a software installed in a given computer. These methods are usually choropleth and graduated circle. Often a particular method is chosen because of the lack of knowledge of other presentation methods. Cartographic methods have certain drawbacks and limitations; without knowing them one can not correctly outline the relations between the map and the aspect of reality it presents. Unskillful choice of method leads to methodically incorrect maps, which convey false information. Such often maps do not follow the rules of cartographic presentation. Therefore any software which includes ready applications for preparing thematic maps ahould also provide appropriate description of particular methods, ways of using them in map preparation, and features of resulting maps. The author, especially a non-cartographer, ought to read the description, which would help him to choose a method appropriate for the available data and topic. Cartographers have to take up the task of reducing the number of amateur cartographic presentations in various publications, also scientific, and replace them with professional maps. They should also take part in the preparation of GIS-type programs concerning thematic maps.
    Źródło:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2002, T. 34, nr 1, 1; 11-21
    0324-8321
    Pojawia się w:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Komputerowe opracowanie planu miasta a poziomy jego czytania
    Computer elaboration of a city plan and levels of its reading
    Autorzy:
    Medyńska-Gulij, B.
    Spallek, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204333.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
    Tematy:
    komputeryzacja
    plan
    plan miasta
    Opis:
    Na przykładzie planów miast zaprezentowano związek wartościowej struktury graficznej dokumentu elektronicznego z poziomami czytania mapy. Omówiono cechy, jakimi powinien charakteryzować się właściwie zredagowany plan miasta: logicznie ułożone poziomy czytania oraz jasno określoną hierarchię elementów treści podporządkowaną zasadniczej funkcji tego typu map.
    Development of computer science, availability of equipment and easier to use computer software significantly altered the process of map preparation. Most graphic programs and GIS used in map preparation make it possible to create databases which have layer structure. Therefore one can ask to what extent the layer structure of a computer-elaborated map connects to its reading levels which are linked to the perception sequence of map's components, or their groups. To answer this question, the authors analyze the editing process of city plans, which are one of the most common types of maps. In most cases map components have various significance, depending on their importance to the reader. To facilitate map's perception, its contents is divided into various levels of reading, which arrange the perception sequence of its components. This sequence depends on sign's hierarchy of visual importance and how it is contrasted against the background. the highest level of reading is composed of signs, which are most graphically aggressive, so that they can be perceived first. Consistently, lower levels which are to be read as secondary, are composed of signs of lesser visual importance. As a result, the appears a sense of components being placed on different visual levels. On the included figures, which show a plan of a city center, different layers of electronic document have been organized to show separate reading levels: - streets and street names (fig. 1), becouse the main objective is to show ways and directions; - thematic contents - point symbols, names (except street names), public transportation, railways (fig. 2); rearing of the significance of line and point symbols on a city plan should be intuitive, and their location perceived quickly; names of districts, parks, buildings, etc. should use a visibly different font and color from street names; they should not obstruct streets or street names; - areas - background, built-up area, greens (fig. 3); areal symbols set a background to other components, therefore they should be in toned down colors A ready to print city plan, containing all of the above layers is presented in fig. 4 An average reader does not have to guess the assumptions of map,s editors. Quite the opposite, a map should be edited to enable the reader to intuitively perceive the meaning of symbols and see the cartographer's intention. Therefore it is vital to establish a correct hierarchy of contents and assign a proper visual importance to its components, to make them perceived on appropriate levels of reading.
    Źródło:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2002, T. 34, nr 3, 3; 189-195
    0324-8321
    Pojawia się w:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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