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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    The structure and regulative function of the cognitive styles: a new theory
    Autorzy:
    Nosal, Czeslaw S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430568.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    cognitive styles
    cognitive styles theory
    perceptual styles
    memory styles
    conceptual styles
    control styles
    cognitive holon
    Opis:
    The organization of human cognitive styles can be described as a kind of functional system or as an holon. In this framework it is possible to propose a new theoretical base for classifying the primary cognitive styles. The fundamental theoretical thesis is that for all styles there is one common mechanism of forming and scanning the perceptual and memory field induced by the situation, and by the differences in the manner of carrying out the processes of field scanning /codes interfering depend on the range of conceptual equivalency and cognitive control of behavior. In the functional describing of the basic set of cognitive styles we must take into account three elements of the chain: neurobiological modules -> organization of cognitive holon -> behavioral manifestation of styles.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2010, 41, 3
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Styles of coping and the level of dogmatism in utterance texts as an indicator of anxiety in situations of social exposure
    Autorzy:
    Zinczuk-Zielazna, Joanna
    Obrębska, Monika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128323.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    styles of coping
    anxiety
    language
    dogmatism
    repression
    Opis:
    A study was carried out involving persons representing high-anxious, low-anxious and repressor types according to the classification of Weinberger, Davidson & Schwartz (1979), selected using the Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale and the trait anxiety scale of the Spielberger State–Trait Anxiety Inventory. In seeking indicators of anxiety in repressors and high-anxious groups, the authors decided to analyse the level of dogmatism observed in utterance texts. The research was intended to determine whether styles of coping with threatening stimuli condition the level of dogmatism, which was regarded as a cognitive defence mechanism against anxiety. The method of formal analysis of texts (speeches given by the participants in a situation of social exposure) was used to identify their level of dogmatism, measured using the Dogmatism Quotient developed by Ertel. The highest value of the Dogmatism Quotient was recorded for repressors, and the lowest for the low-anxious subjects; a similar pattern was also observed for certain particular dimensions of dogmatism. Statistically significant differences in the level of dogmatism were found between the repressor and low-anxious groups and between the high-anxious and low-anxious groups. The study confirmed the previously discovered pattern whereby repressors exhibit more similarities to high-anxious than to low-anxious persons.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2016, 4; 402-411
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Love Styles in the Context of Life History Theory
    Autorzy:
    Marzec, Magdalena
    Łukasik, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128433.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    love styles
    life history theory
    sexual strategies
    sociosexual orintation
    Opis:
    The evolutionary function of love is to create a strong bond between the partners with reproduction in view. In order to achieve this goal, humans use various sexual/reproductive strategies, which have evolved due to specific reproductive benefits. The use of particular strategies depends on many factors but one of the most important is early childhood experiences, on which life history theory (LHT) focuses. John Lee (1973) identified 6 basic love styles: eros, ludus, storge, pragma, agape, and mania. Our goal was to check whether love styles may be treated as sexual/reproductive strategies in the context of LHT – slow or fast strategy. In our study (N = 177) we found that people who prefer the slow reproductive strategy are inclined to show passionate, pragmatic and friendly love, and those who prefer the fast strategy, treated love as a game. A low level of environmental stress in childhood results in preferring eros, storge and agape love styles, belonging to the slow strategy, and a high one results in preferring ludus, which belongs to the fast strategy. People representing eros, storge or pragma styles have restricted sociosexual orientation so they prefer long-term relationships, whereas those with the ludus style are people with unrestricted orientation, preferring short-term relationships. Besides, storge, agape and pragma seem to determine preferring qualities connected with parental effort in one’s partner, mania – with mating effort, and eros – with both kinds of effort. No correlation was found between the love style and the number of children.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2017, 2; 237-249
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Art training and personality traits as predictors of aesthetic experience of different art styles among Polish students
    Autorzy:
    Pietras, Karolina
    Czernecka, Karolina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129185.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    individual differences
    expertise
    aesthetic experience
    art training
    art styles
    Opis:
    Personality, demographics and art experience proved to play an important role in reactions to visual art. Nevertheless, research attempts that take into account all those factors when determining predictors of aesthetic responses to different artistic styles are quite rare. The study presented here investigates predictors of aesthetic experience across figurative, abstract and contemporary paintings in individuals with varying expertise. Students enrolled in Sport, Humanities and the Arts programmes (N = 181) declared their art exposure and filled out personality measures (Big Five, alexithymia, need for closure). Next participants evaluated three paintings using a tool constructed by the authors to track various dimensions of aesthetic reactions (i.e. negative/positive affective responses, self-references, explicit knowledge and perceived mastery of the artwork). Reactions to figurative painting depended mostly on formal knowledge about arts, not personality traits. Aesthetic perception of abstract art rely not only on art exposure, but also on some individual characteristics (openness to experience, tolerance of ambiguity and ability to identify one’s own emotions and track their source). Reception of contemporary art was predicted mostly by art exposure variables and in the case of negative emotionality by ability to identify one’s own emotions and track their source. Both formal art education and art experience were stronger predictors of aesthetic responses than personality traits, for all art styles and dimensions of aesthetic experience. Personality predictors were significant mostly for abstract art. Personal interest in the arts seems to be as good predictor of aesthetic reactions as formal expertise.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2018, 49, 4; 466-474
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Adult attachment styles and negativistic beliefs about the social world: The role of self-image and other-image
    Autorzy:
    Skarżyńska, Krystyna
    Radkiewicz, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430606.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-12-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    attachment styles
    self-image/other-image
    avoidance
    anxiety
    negativistic social beliefs
    Opis:
    This article is concerned with the relationship between adult attachment styles and generalized negativistic social beliefs (i.e. pessimistic expectations concerning human nature and interpersonal relations). Two general dimensions of attachment styles, avoidance and anxiety, are considered to be manifestations of an individual’s image of other people and of the self, respectively. We suggest that both dimensions may be a substantial basis for formulating negative beliefs about the social world. Firstly, we believe that a high level of negativistic social beliefs can be positively predicted by the growth of avoidance (negative image of others) and anxiety (negative image of self). Secondly, we formulate an expected interaction effect. Although the nature of such an interaction is ambiguous, it may be argued as having a synergistic as well as antagonistic pattern. These hypotheses were tested and supported (in favor of an antagonistic pattern of interaction in the case of the second hypothesis) on a representative sample of adult Poles (N = 853).
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2014, 45, 4; 511-520
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Humor From The Perspective Of Positive Psychology. Implications For Research On Development In Adulthood
    Autorzy:
    Radomska, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430365.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    humor
    humor styles
    positive psychology
    virtues
    character strengths
    wisdom
    life course development
    Opis:
    The purpose of the article is the presentation of the ways that humor was understood within the current of positive psychology; the state and advances of research on the significance of this property in achieving and safeguarding a "good life” as well as the legitimacy and possibility of applying the theoretical and research approach devised by the mentioned orientation approaches to issues connected with humor to the field of developmental psychology during the life course. A conceptualisation of humor was presented as a character strength comprising the virtue of transcendence in the approach of Peterson and Seligman, a composite of wisdom in the concept of Webster and of a thinking style, experiencing and action in the theory of Martin. A review of research was then undertaken: humor as a virtue imbuing property; humor correlates understood from the perspective of positive psychology; manifestations of its regulative role and individual differences in humor as a resource contributing to individual growth. In the closing paragraphs a suggestion was formulated regarding humor research as a resource that supports positive development, namely, the fulfilment of developmental tasks, overcoming developmental crises and coping with problems connected with ageing.
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2011, 42, 4; 215-225
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Liking goes from the perceiver’s self-interest, but respect is socially shared
    Autorzy:
    Baryła, Wiesław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430802.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-12-01
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    liking
    respect
    interpersonal attitudes
    agentic traits
    communal traits
    styles of conflict behavior
    competition
    accommodation
    social sharedness
    Opis:
    Liking and respect are postulated as two dimensions of interpersonal attitudes. Liking-disliking is an idiosyncratic response which depends mostly on how target persons influence interests and well-being of the attitude holder and is accompanied by beliefs in their communal traits. Respect-disrespect is a socially shared response which depends mostly on the social status of target persons and is accompanied by beliefs in their agency. This Self-interest /Status Model (SSM) of differences between liking and respect was tested in two studies. It was predicted and found that respect responses (and underlying judgments of agentic traits) are socially shared to higher extent than liking responses (and underlying judgments of communal traits).
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2014, 45, 4; 402-410
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Significance Of Adolescent’s Value System In Creating Concept About Their Own Life
    Autorzy:
    Czerwińska-Jasiewicz, Maria
    Wojciechowska, Ludwika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430363.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    adolescence
    adolescents
    future orientation
    value system
    concept about one’s own life
    life styles
    life goals and plans
    decisions concerning one’s own future
    Opis:
    This paper presents a study on the significance of adolescent’s value system in creating concept about their own life in the process of planning their own future. A hypothetical model of this concept is analysed, which identifies such main components as: preferred life style, life goals and plans, and decisions concerning their own future. This model acknowledges values as the main criterion in creating this concept as they form the base for defining a person’s preferred life style, their formulation of life goals and plans and the undertaking of important decisions concerning their future (Czerwińska-Jasiewicz, 2005). The propounded author’s own model of adolescents’ concepts about their own future has been based on the notion of J. Piaget (Inhelder, Piaget, 1970), concerning adolescents creating a “programme” of their own life, as a specific developmental task during adolescence. The statement that the “programme" of adolescents’ own lives is based on a given value scale on which certain ideals and goals can be placed above others seems particularly significant in this concept. The discussion presented herein is based on the above statement. The creation by me of the above model was further inspired by the theoretical concepts and the research programmes concerning the future orientation of adolescents, their goals and life plans and values (Nuttin, 1980; Niemczyński, 1980, 1988; Nurmi, 1991; Matusewicz, 1975; Mądrzycki, 1996; Zaleski, 1991; Trempała, 1996, 2000).
    Źródło:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2011, 42, 4; 198-204
    0079-2993
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Psychological Bulletin
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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