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Wyszukujesz frazę "Esterification" wg kryterium: Temat

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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    The influence of the catalyst on the kinetics of ethyl metacrylate synthesis
    Autorzy:
    Grzesik, M.
    Witczak, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778457.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    estryfikacja
    heteropolikwasy
    kinetyka
    esterification
    heteropoliacids
    kinetics
    Opis:
    The synthesis of ethyl metacrylate in the liquid phase was studied. Tungstophosphoric and molybdophosphoric acids, which belong to heteropolyacids group, were used as a catalyst. The chemical compounds from this group are often utilized in the catalysis with regard to their activity and selectivity. The rate equations, reaction rate constants and equilibrium constants have been determined. The reaction order and the kinetic parameters of the kinetic relations were determined by the integral method. All rate equations are formulated with activities taking the non ideal effects of the compounds into consideration. It was found that the kinetics of the esterification of the presented reactions was non-elementary.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2007, 9, 1; 7-9
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Optimization of rapeseed oil fatty acid esterification with methanol in the presence of sulfuric acid
    Autorzy:
    Brinks, J.
    Malins, K.
    Kampars, V.
    Prilucka, J.
    Apseniece, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780067.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    biodiesel
    free fatty acids
    sulfuric acid
    methanol
    esterification
    Opis:
    The interest in biodiesel production from low cost feedstocks is still increasing. Such feedstocks usually contain large amounts of free fatty acids, which make the currently employed base catalysts inefficient, thereby promoting the use of acid catalysts. Due to the high activity and low cost, sulfuric acid could become the most widely used acid catalyst for biodiesel production. Research undertaken so far using sulfuric acid for esterifi cation of fatty acids has shown that the products obtained fail to meet the requirements of the standard EN 14214. This paper describes a systematic study of rapeseed oil fatty acids esterification in order to obtain a product complying with the standard EN 14214. The influence of sulfuric acid concentrations (0.1-3.0%), methanol molar ratios (1:1-20:1) and reaction time (0-360 min) was evaluated. Finally, a two-stage esterification process was developed, where in optimal conditions esterification yield of 97.8% and ester content of 99.6% were achieved.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2013, 15, 4; 54-59
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Carbon-based acid catalyst from waste seed shells: preparation and characterization
    Autorzy:
    Wang, L. H.
    Liu, H.
    Li, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778575.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    carbon-based solid acid
    waste seed shells
    esterification
    transesterification
    biodiesel
    Opis:
    A carbon-based solid acid catalyst was prepared by the sulfonation of carbonized seed shells of Jatropha curcas (J. curcas L.). The structure of amorphous carbon consisting of polycyclic aromatic carbon sheets attached a high density of acidic SO3H groups (2.0 mmol · g−1) was identified with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The performance of the solid acid catalyst was evaluated for biodiesel production in the esterification of oleic acid with methanol. 95.7% yield of biodiesel was obtained after 2 h reaction and the conversions with reused catalyst varied in the range of 95.7% to 95.1%, showing better activity and stability than commercial catalyst amberlyst-46. It was also observed that the prepared catalyst showed enhanced activity in the transesterification of triolein with methanol when compared with other solid acid catalysts. A synergistic effect results from the high density of SO3H groups and the good access of reactants to the acidic sites can be used to explain the excellent catalytic activity, as well as the strong affinity between the hydrophilic reactants and the neutral OH groups bonded to the polycyclic aromatic carbon rings.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2015, 17, 4; 37-41
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Coupling of subcritical methanol with acidic ionic liquids for the acidity reduction of naphthenic acids
    Autorzy:
    Zafar, F.
    Mandal, P. C.
    Shaari, K. Z. K.
    Ullah, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779761.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    Naphthenic Acids
    Subcritical Methanol
    Acidic Ionic Liquids
    Total Acid Number
    Esterification
    Opis:
    The presence of naphthenic acids (NAs) in crude oil is the major cause of corrosion in the refineries and its processing equipment. The goal of this study is to reduce the total acid number (TAN) of NAs by treating them with subcritical methanol in the presence of acidic ionic liquid (AIL) catalysts. Experiments were carried out in an autoclave batch reactor and the effect of different reaction parameters was investigated. It was observed that TAN reduction was positively dependent on the temperature and concentration of the AIL whereas excess of methanol has a negative effect. Approximately 90% TAN reduction was achieved under the optimized reaction conditions using [BMIM]HSO4  as catalyst. It was also perceived from the experimental results that the AILs with longer alkyl chain exhibited higher catalytic activity. The activity and stability of AIL showed that they can be promising catalyst to esterify NAs under subcritical methanol.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2017, 19, 3; 68-74
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Esterification of fatty acids with C8-C9 alcohols over selected sulfonic heterogeneous catalysts
    Autorzy:
    Nowicki, J.
    Mosio-Mosiewski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779516.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    esterification of fatty acids
    C8-C9 alcohols
    sulfonic acid catalysts
    Opis:
    A study on the synthesis of esters of fatty acids of natural origin (oleic acid from rapeseed oil) and branched synthetic isostearic acid with commercially available alcohols C8-C9 i.e. 2-ethylhexanol (2-EH) and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol (TMH) in the presence of selected heterogeneous catalysts containing active sulfonic groups has been made. The catalysts were obtained using ready available amorphous silicas with different textural characteristics. The influence of catalyst porosity on the catalytic properties in the esterification of fatty acids has been investigated. The effect of the synthesis temperature has also been studied. The results were compared with the results of esterification with the use of acidic ion exchange resins. It was shown that catalysts obtained on the basis of amorphous silicas are good and reusable catalysts for the esterification of fatty acids with higher alcohols.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2013, 15, 3; 42-47
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Uncommon applications of statistical methods of the design of experiments in chemical technology and environment protection
    Autorzy:
    Lewandowski, G.
    Ćwirko, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778597.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    planowanie doświadczeń
    optymalizacja
    plany kompozycyjne centralne
    barwniki
    estryfikacja
    fotoaktywność TiO2
    design of experiments
    optimization
    central composite designs
    dyes
    esterification
    TiO2 photoactivity
    biodiesel
    Opis:
    The review of literature related to the applications of statistic methods of design of experiments in chemical technology and environment protection was presented in the work. The research that consists of two stages: a stage of choosing the best variables describing an experimental object and a stage of proper experimental investigation, seems particularly interesting. An interesting example of an application of statistical strategies in environmental protection is the optimization of photoactivity of TiO2/SiO2 mixture, received by a sol-gel technique. TiO2, due to its specific feature, was applied in the photocatalytic methods of removing toxic compounds from water and air. In the experiments there were used two designs - the fractional factorial design 2^5-1 (as the elimination one) and the central composite design (as the proper one). Following the data analysis from the elimination plan two variables were eliminated, which helped to simplify the research object. Among other uncommon applications of the design of experiments: the optimization of the conditions for the extraction of natural pigments used in dyeing food, the production of fatty acid methyl esters used as diesel oil substitutes (biodiesel) and the optimization of a supercritical fluid extraction methodology for the analysis of castor oil, should be mentioned.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2007, 9, 4; 63-67
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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