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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 15
Tytuł:
Bottle necks in breeding late blight resistant potato
Autorzy:
Zimnoch-Guzowska, Ewa
Tatarowska, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198951.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
limitations
Phytophthora infestans
potato
resistance breeding
Opis:
The resistance to late blight (LB) is considered as a factor of major importance among resistances to potato pathogens. For four last decades more work has been done on potato resistant to Phytophthora infestans than on breeding for resistance to any other potato disease. Many sources of resistance have been known to breeders for many decades, but the results of their utilization are still disappointing. The difficulties in breeding for LB resistance were assessed by 39 participants of the survey organized for the Global Initiative on Late Blight (Zimnoch-Guzowska and Flis 2002), who indicated several major factors hampering progress in this area. The following factors found to be the most important bottle necks are discussed in the paper: (i) identification and utilization of new sources of resistance, not sufficient agronomic value of the used resistance sources; (ii) combination of earliness with LB resistance; (iii) complexity of genetic determination of LB resistance; (iv) combination of foliage and tuber resistance; (v) screening methods applied for resistance evaluation; (vi) cost of selection for resistance; (vii) lack of molecular markers (MAS) applicable to selection for LB resistance.   limitations, Phytophthora infestans, potato, resistance breeding
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 71-79
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inheritance of tomato leaf resistance to Phytophthora infestans - new information based on laboratory tests on seedlings
Autorzy:
Michalska, A. M.
Pazio, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198868.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005-06-23
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
inheritance
Lycopersicon esculentum
Phytophthora infestans
resistance
tomato
Opis:
Inheritance of tomato resistance to P. infestans was studied in progenies of crosses of resistant accessions: West Virginia 700, Ottawa 30, PI224675 and the variety New Yorker and also of the variety West Virginia’63 and resistant breeding lines crossed with susceptible forms. Populations of F1, F2, parents and resistant standards were evaluated for resistance to late blight using the test on seedlings grown in liquid medium. Resistance of the accessions West Virginia 700, Ottawa 30 and PI224675 was found to be identical and determined by the same genes: Ph-1 and Ph-2. It has not been recognized if these accessions carry other genes, neither if the variety West Virginia’63 and lines of equal resistance possess other genes beside Ph-2.  
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2005, 51; 31-42
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reliability of different parameters to estimate relative foliage blight resistance and its relation to maturity in potato
Autorzy:
Darsow, Ulrich
Hansen, Jens G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198953.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
breeding
foliage blight
methods
potato
Phytophthora infestans
resistance
Opis:
A comparative study of different parameters calculated for foliage resistance of potato to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary was conducted on the data for 27 cultivars and one prebreeding clone in field assessment in 2003 at BAZ Groß Lüsewitz. Relationships between the parameters and maturity were determined by linear regression. The strongest associations with maturity were found for the relative area under the disease progress curve (RAUDPC), delay of attack, and attack on a determined date (r2 = 0.47-0.52). The least association with maturity was found for foliage blight resistance at Groß Lüsewitz, FBRGL (r2 = 0.03), calculated by using a maturity-dependent section of the disease progress curve. The apparent infection rate (AIR), RAUDPC and delay of attack could only explain below 50% of variability of FBRGL. The method for calculation of foliage resistance in breeding developed at BAZ and named FBRGL is described in detail, and the usefulness of the different methods for evaluation of resistance, management of plant protection and breeding is discussed.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 81-93
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Use of somatic hybridisation to transfer resistance to late blight and Potato Virus Y (PVY) into cultivated potato
Autorzy:
Thieme, Ramona
Darsow, Ulrich
Rakosy-Tican, Lenuta
Kang, Zhensheng
Gavrilenko, Tatjana
Antonova, Olga
Heimbach, Udo
Thieme, Thomas
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198979.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
Phytophthora infestans
protoplast fusion
PVY
resistance
wild Solanum species
Opis:
Protoplast fusion was used to produce more than 500 symmetric interspecific somatic hybrids between wild Solanum species, which belong to the series Pinnatisecta, Etuberosa and S. tuberosum L. cultivars or potato breeding clones. The used genebank accessions of S. cardiophyllum and S. tarnii were resistant to Phytophthora infestans, while the accessions of S. cardiophyllum, S. tarnii, as well as of S. etuberosum, were also highly resistant to PVY (strains: PVYO, PVYN, PVYNTN, PVYC, PVYN Wilga). In most fusion combinations vigorous and genetically stable hybrid material has been selected. A number of interspecific somatic hybrids were fertile and could be backcrossed with cultivated potato. The use of detached leaf and tuber tests and mechanical inoculation, grafting and virus transmission by vectors, revealed that several somatic hybrids and backcross (BC) clones were resistant to foliage and tuber blight, as well as to PVY.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 113-118
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The role of Phytophthora infestans oospores in primary infection of potato foliage in Poland.
Autorzy:
Zarzycka, Hanna
Lebecka, Renata
Sobkowiak, Sylwester
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198813.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
oospores
Phytophthora infestans
potato
primary inoculum
race characteristics
Opis:
The study on oospore formation ability under natural conditions was carried out on the base of comparative characterization of four local populations of P. infestans. It was found that oospores can be formed in potato tissues under natural conditions. The comparison of proportion of both mating types isolates, high level of race complexity and racial diversity indicates, that oospores in experimental fields could play a role as a source of primary inoculum in three experimental localities in Boguchwała, in Przychojec and in Olesno Śląskie.The oospores were produced also in all combinations of pot and field experiments. They were formed most abundantly, when the potato plants were inoculated with mixed inoculum consisted of A1 and A2 spores, in 1:1 ratio and significantly less abundantly, when the inoculum was dominated by one of mating type isolate. The effect of time of subsequent inoculation with A1 or A2 isolates on oospore formation was observed: significantly more oospores were formed when the plants were inoculated with both mating types at the same time.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2001, 45, 2; 65-76
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New sources of potato resistance to Phytophthora infestans at the diploid level
Autorzy:
Jakuczun, Henryka
Wasilewicz-Flis, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198856.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
diploids
leaflets
resistance
Phytophthora infestans
Solanum spp.
tubers
Opis:
New sources of Phytophthora infestans (late blight) resistance are studied in two groups of diploids: complex Solanum hybrids and clones of pure wild  Solanum species. In more advanced studies complex hybrids of Solanum verrucosum, S. phureja and S. microdontum were involved, which were intercrossed in various combinations. In this group, clones with resistance both in leaflets and tubers have been selected. In addition, highly resistant to late blight hybrids are outstanding in chosen quality traits. Resistance to P. infestans identified in the advanced hybrids has been successfully transferred into 4x level with various extent. The second group of sources recently included in research covers about 110 clones of five wild Solanum species (S. berthaultii, S. kurtzianum, S. michoacanum, S. ruiz-ceballozii and S. pinnatisectum). In 1999-2003 preselection of leaflets and tuber resistant clones was performed. Selected clones have been simultaneously characterized for male fertility and big pollen grains (2n) formation.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 137-145
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Populations of Phytophthora infestans in the Slovak Republic in 1996-2003
Autorzy:
Forišeková, Kvetoslava
Heldák, Ján
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198945.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
late blight
mating type
metalaxyl
Phytophthora infestans
race
Opis:
The effective management of protection against Phytophthora infestans must be established on the perfect knowledge of the pathogen. From a practical point of view this means identification of races and mating types as well as the pathotypes resistant to systemic compounds of fungicides. The main goal of our project was to characterize populations of late blight, especially in the most important area of seed potato production. Recognition of races and mating types and evaluation of resistance to metalaxyl of the isolates in potato-growing area were performed in laboratory tests. Isolates of late blight for laboratory tests were collected in commercial and research potato crops in the regions of Poprad and Kežmarok. The first occurrence of metalaxyl-resistant strains was noticed in 1999, and the greatest incidence was recorded in 2000. In the following years a significant decrease was observed. This was due, among others, to omitting fenylamide fungicides in crop protection in our region. The occurrence of isolates virulent to potato with R2, R5, R9 and R11 genes was noted neither in 1996 nor in 1997, and tested isolates had maximum six virulence factors. Since 1999, the occurrence of isolates with seven, eight or even ten virulence factors has been recorded. Presence of A2 mating type was not confirmed in our area until 2002. In 2003, more A2 than A1 isolates were found. It is likely that problems concerning the ability of oospores to survive in soil as well as sexual reproduction of the pathogen may appear also in our potato-growing area.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 51-55
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Expression of resistance to Phytophthora infestans in climatic chamber-, screenhouse- and field-grown wild potato species in a detached leaflet assay
Autorzy:
Zoteyeva, Nadezhda
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198989.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
detached leaflets
resistance
Phytophthora infestans
wild Solanum spp.
Opis:
A study on the expression of resistance to Phytophthora infestans of wild potato plants grown in a climatic chamber, in a screenhouse and in the field was performed in two experiments. In the first experiment 12 populations of Solanum acaule were tested. Detached leaves from field-grown plants appeared to be less resistant than detached leaves from chamber-grown plants. In the second experiment resistance responses to inoculation with P. infestans of 24 Solanum species, grown in the field and in the screenhouse were compared. In 18 populations belonging to 11 species the predominance of resistant plants was found either when plants were grown in the field or when plants were grown in the screenhouse. Within 12 tested populations no difference in resistance was observed because of high susceptibility of plants, irrespective of grown conditions. Two populations showed the same level of resistance under both grown conditions.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 129-135
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of deep freezing of Phytophtora infestans on their survival and pathogenicity
Autorzy:
Sobkowiak, Sylwester
Zarzycka, Hanna
Zimnoch-Guzowska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198938.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-06-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
acclimatization
aggressiveness
liquid nitrogen
maintenance
Phytophthora infestans
survival
virulence
Opis:
The maintenance of Phytophthora infestans cultures isolates from blighted potato, frozen in liquid nitrogen, was studied in two experiments. The effects of deep freezing and acclimatization pre-treatment at different temperatures on culture survival and stability of virulence and aggressiveness were evaluated. The best survival of cultures maintained for three months in liquid nitrogen was expressed, when cultures were acclimatized before freezing at 7˚C. The survival of frozen cultures was significantly worse in comparison with control combinations stored on rye-agar and rye-agar under paraffin oil for short time (in experiment I – 40 days, in experiment II – three months). The virulence spectrum of frozen cultures after thawing was more narrow than that one observed before culture freezing. However this virulence spectrum did not differ significantly from virulence range of control cultures. The level of aggressiveness of culture stored in liquid nitrogen did not differ significantly from control cultures as well. The virulence spectrum and aggressiveness level of cultures frozen in liquid nitrogen were significantly higher after two passages of thawed cultures on potato tissues than after single passage.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 49; 79-89
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Decision Support Systems for integrated control of late blight
Autorzy:
Schepers, Huub T.A.M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198946.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
Decision Support Systems
integrated control
late blight
Phytophthora infestans
potato
Opis:
All definitions for integrated control agree that maximum emphasis should be put on prevention by using resistant cultivars and cultural measures. Moreover, the use of plant protection products should be limited to the essential minimum using Decision Support Systems (DSSs) that integrate and organise all relevant information. Computer-based DSSs that require weather information and regular late blight scouting inputs have been developed and validated in a number of European countries. In the frame of the EU concerted action “European network for development of an integrated control strategy of potato late blight (EU.NET.ICP)” several DSSs were validated in 1999-2001. The overall conclusion was that in most cases the use of DSSs combined a good disease control with a reduction of fungicide input. The DSSs can be used as a PC-version but more and more, parts of information are delivered to users by phone, fax, e-mail, SMS and websites on the Internet. An important task for the near future is to update the DSSs with information on the epidemiology of the new aggressive population of Phytophthora infestans. Issues such as (1) the influence of temperature and relative humidity on the infection process, (2) the role of primary inoculum sources (seed, oospores, volunteers, dumps), (3) the role of secondary inoculum sources (distance, severity), (4) control of early blight and (5) resistance ratings for foliar and tuber blight have to be addressed in order to be able to formulate a robust control strategy that effectively controls late (and early) blight with a minimum input of fungicides.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 57-61
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Incidence and harmfulness of potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary) on potato stems.
Autorzy:
Kapsa, Józefa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198785.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
diseases
late blight
Phytophthora infestans
potato
localization of initial late blight infection
Opis:
Changes in the occurrence of the initial late blight symptoms have been noted in some regions of Poland. Observations of potato crops showed that occurrence of the primary infections and blight symptoms is sometimes on the stem rather than on the leaves. It was confirmed that in both cases, a cause of late blight was the same species Phytophthora infestans. Surveys of many potato crops done in 1997-1999, around Poland enabled assessment of the incidence of stem blight in Poland. In 1997 - 80.5%, 1998 - 65.2% and in 1999 – 72.4% of observed crops were primary affected with late blight on stems. Stem form of the disease appeared more often in the years with less rainfall in the period from June to July. The largest number of genotypes with initial blight symptoms on stems was observed among first early clones and cultivars. Glasshouse experiments confirmed the importance of stem lesions in decreasing yield and increasing tuber infection. Results confim that blighted tubers were the least probable source of the late blight appearing on stems.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2000, 44; 53-61
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A new method for evaluating tomato leaf resistance to Phytophthora infestans using a seedling test.
Autorzy:
Michalska, Anna Maria
Pazio, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198869.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002-06-23
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
tomato
Lycopersicon esculentum
Phytophthora infestans
late blight
resistance
method
seedling test
Opis:
A laboratory test for evaluating the tomato leaf resistance to Phytophthora infestans in the seedling stage has been developed. The test is suitable for evaluation of breeding lines and selection within large populations. The following standard varieties and accessions representing a whole range of variability of known resistance were used: Moneymaker, New Yorker, West Virginia`63, West Virginia 700 and Ottawa 30. Various P. infestans isolates were used in the tests. Tomato seedlings grown in a liquid medium were cultured and tested in a growth chamber. The infection of individual seedlings was evaluated using 9-degree logistic key and data were statistically estimated. The results were reproducible in the same growth   conditions. Ranking of infection degree was as follow: Moneymaker ≥ New Yorker > West Virginia`63 > West Virginia 700 = Ottawa 30 irrespectively of test conditions or the isolates applied. The laboratory ranking was consistent with field observations. The results of tests depended on concentration of liquid medium (lower infection at lower concentration), on the isolate used and its spore concentration. The method proposed meets all requirements necessary for breeding and research as a routine method for evaluation of the tomato leaf resistance to P. infestans.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2002, 46, 1; 3-21
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessing resistance to late blight of potato: methods used at the Scottish Crop Research Institute
Autorzy:
Stewart, Helen E.
Solomon-Blackburn, Ruth
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198944.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
late blight
Phytophthora infestans
potato
resistance breeding
resistance test
screening methods
Solanum tuberosum
Opis:
At SCRI, wild species and clones of Solanum tuberosum are assessed for resistance to late blight in order to study the genetics and breed for resistance. Glasshouse progeny tests for foliage and tuber blight resistance, using true seedlings, are described. These enable the rapid screening of accessions of wild species, and the selection of the most resistant progenies in a breeding programme within one year of crossing. Assessment of the foliage resistance of clones is carried out in glasshouse tests of whole plants in flower-bud, and field trials using infector plants inoculated in the glasshouse with a complex race of Phytophthora infestans. The glasshouse test provides a reliable method of identifying R-genes and the virulence characteristics of blight isolates. The field trial gives the best estimate of field resistance and is being used to develop marker-assisted selection. Both tests are used to study the inheritance of resistance, to locate quantitative trait loci (QTL) and R-genes, and to select the most resistant clones. The tuber resistance of clones is assessed by spray-inoculating whole, immature, field-grown tubers on the day of harvest. However when large numbers of clones are involved, e.g. in the location of QTL, this is impractical, so glasshouse-grown tubers are dip-inoculated.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 107-112
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selection of Potato Parental Lines With Complex Resistances to Potato Pathogens and Pests
Autorzy:
Flis, Bogdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199714.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
Globodera rostochiensis Ro1
Phytophthora infestans
pre-breeding
marker assisted selection
PVX
PVY
PVM
PVS
Opis:
The efficiency of breeding new potato cultivars may be increased by pre-breeding that is by developing parental lines, which have new traits, not present in the genetic pool available for breeders or have new combinations of genes, or have improved level of economically important traits. The use of parental lines in commercial breeding programs is expected to ensure the biological progress in the newly created cultivars of potato. At the beginning, the development of parental lines in Młochów Research Center of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – Nation-al Research Institute (IHAR-PIB) was focused on resistance to viruses and later on resistance to late blight and other pathogens. The procedures of selecting resistant parental lines are described. These procedures were initially based on purely phenotypic tests for resistance, which lately were supplemented with marker assisted selection (MAS) apply-ing molecular markers linked with some resistance genes.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2017, 76; 57-63
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Resistance of potato tubers to Phytophthora infestans evaluated in laboratory tests and field trials
Autorzy:
Rogozina, Elena V.
Patrikeyeva, Maria V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198858.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
advanced potato clone
field trial
Phytophthora infestans
tetraploid interspecific hybrid
tuber resistance
tuber slices assay
whole tubers assay
Opis:
Thirty potato genotypes of different maturity were evaluated for tuber blight resistance both under laboratory and field conditions. From 2000 to 2003 replicated experiments were conducted with three potato cultivars registered in Russia and 27 tetraploid interspecific hybrids that were generated at VIR. Each genotype was assessed twice using laboratory tests, and its resistance was evaluated every year in a field trial. The results showed that four hybrid clones: 88-2, 95-23-3, 97-152-6 and 97-162-5 exhibited a superior performance of tuber resistance to Phytophthora infestans both in laboratory tests and field trials. Two cultivars and 10 hybrid clones were found susceptible to infection in all tests. Significant differences between the remaining 14 genotypes in tuber slice resistance, whole tuber resistance and the expression of resistance to tuber blight in the field were observed.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2004, 50; 147-154
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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