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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Cena lojalności wobec II Rzeczypospolitej. Wywłaszczenie Habsburgów żywieckich przez narodowosocjalistyczne Niemcy 1939–1944
    The price of loyalty towards the Second Polish Republic: The dispossession of the Habsburgs of Żywiec by the National Socialist Germany, 1939–1944
    Autorzy:
    Sikora, Mirosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/478165.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
    Opis:
    In the autumn of 1939, the National Socialist Germany occupying Poland, started imposing a Germanisation policies in the newly incorporated into the Third Reich territories of the Second Polish Republic. The most effective methods of removing Polish identity – apart from elimination of the leadership – were Polish people displacement and dispossession. First months of the occupation were aimed at a gathering information about people living in areas annexed by the Nazi Germany. In 1939, a police population census was taken in the Province of Silesia. The Żywiec District was considered to be unique thanks to its mountainous terrain and enormously rich tree cover which were looked on by German authorities as a great potential both for the timber industry development and for the expansion of the tourist sector in the Żywiec Region. Several dozen hectares of mainly spruce forests belonged to the Habsburgs of Żywiec line. From the very beginning of the German occupation, due to the fact that Karl Albrecht and his spouse Alice – landowners of nearly 30 thousand hectares of forests and of the brewery – had a good relationship with the authority elites of the Second Polish Republic during the inter-war years, they met with deep distrust expressed by German secret police apparatus. The Gestapo got completed very quickly all the materials confirming not only Karl’s sympathy for Polish identity but also his financial support of Polish military efforts. In September 1939 he volunteered to the Polish Army, then in November he was imprisoned and his wife with children were put under house arrest. From that time until the spring of 1943, a discussion on a future of the Habsburgs’ fortune started. From March 1941, despite of the pressure from the Gestapo, the Habsburgs consistently refused to sign the German People’s List (Volksliste) ostensibly demonstrating their support for Poland and their contempt for the National Socialist regime. It ended definitely in the autumn of 1942 when they were sent to the Third Reich as labourers and their whole property was took over. A different fate awaited countess von Montjoye – Leo Karl Habsburg’s widow, brother of Karl Albrecht. She inherited over 10 thousand hectares of forests and many agricultural estates. During her talks with representatives of the Nazi Party and police she always emphasized her and her children’s deep attachment to the German language, culture and nationality. The problem of whether to accept her registration in the Volksliste (Heinrich Himmler was very dubious of it) as well as the issue of Karl Albrecht and Alice, became, during the occupation, a top-level discussion in the Third Reich.
    Źródło:
    Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość; 2011, 1(17); 231-245
    1427-7476
    Pojawia się w:
    Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zasady i praktyka przejęcia majątku polskiego przez III Rzeszę, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sektora rolnego oraz mieszkaniowego, na przykładzie prowincji śląskiej (górnośląskiej) w latach 1939–1944
    Principles and Practice of Appropriation of Polish Property by the Third Reich, Particularly in Housing and agricultural Sector, Exemplifi ed in the Province of Silesia (Upper Silesia) 1939–1944
    Autorzy:
    Sikora, Mirosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/478125.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
    Opis:
    The author of the article presents the formal principles and practice of taking over Polish property by the German authorities in the territory annexed to the Third Reich in autumn 1939. The article focuses on the actions headed to expropriation, confiscation, temporary management and sale of the farm as well as housing and building plots. The competences (jurisdiction) of the German central and regional – civil as well as SS administration were characterized, and thereby their responsibility for carrying out the expropriation. As the example served the Polish territories, that had been incorporated to the province of Silesia (a part of which was named since January 1941 Upper Silesia). The author brings closer the individual stages of the taking over of the Polish property – from registering and estimating its amount and value, by removing of the Polish owner and the management of expropriated farm or housing plot to the selling and leasing it to a German citizen (Reichsdeutsch, Volksdeutsch, displaced person) or its nationalization. There were in Reich three persons – and at the same time three central instances with a subordinated to them regional apparatus – who had an influence on the management and redistribution of the occupied Polish (and Jewish) property: Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring as the superior of the Chief Trust Office East (Haupttreuhandstelle Ost), Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler as the Reich Commissioner for the Strengthening of Germandom (Reichskommissar für die Festigung des deutschen Volkstums), and the Reich Minister for Food and Agriculture (Reichsminister für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft) Richard Walter Darré (until 1942). The lack of clear-cut of jurisdiction caused frictions between these instances not only at the minister level, but also in the Region, among others in Upper Silesia. During the war Himmler was extending his infl uences on the control and redistribution of the occupied property, using his competences in the area of colonization of the annexed eastern territory.
    Źródło:
    Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość; 2009, 1(14); 177-200
    1427-7476
    Pojawia się w:
    Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Współpraca Departamentu I MSW z Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung MfS w zakresie tajnego pozyskiwania nowych technologii dla przemysłu PRL i NRD w latach 1975–1990
    Cooperation between Department I of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung of the MfS with Regard to the Acquisition of New Technologies for the Polish People’s Republic and the German Democratic Republic in 1975–1990
    Autorzy:
    Sikora, Mirosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/478252.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
    Tematy:
    wywiad
    szpiegostwo
    technologia
    nauka
    PRL
    NRD
    zimna wojna
    intelligence
    espionage
    technology
    science
    Polish People’s Republic
    East Germany
    Cold War
    Opis:
    The intelligence services of the Warsaw Pact and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance member states cooperated from the moment the Iron Curtain fell over Central and Eastern Europe. As the specific branches of the intelligence expanded following the example of the KGB, information exchange encompassed an increasing range of issues. In the 1950s, following the example set by the USSR, the Polish and East German leaderships of the party and the state started to lay the foundations for the so-called scientific and technical intelligence (WNT), whose task was to provide the economy with innovative technologies, including ones subject to the trade embargo imposed by the capitalist countries. The first half of the 1970s brought dynamic development in the field of organisation and staff of the scientific and technological intelligence across COMECON, which can be seen both in the case of the Polish People’s Republic and the German Democratic Republic. Both countries tried to correlate the tasks of the scientific and technological intelligence (which was known as SWT – Sektor für Wissenschaft und Technik – in East Germany) with the national research and development goals set for the economy. As regards the general technology level, the GDR had advantage over all other COMECON countries, including the USSR, which also had impact on relations with Poland, which was much more underdeveloped. The author begins his tale by outlining the economic position of both countries and their joint projects in the areas of research and development and the industry. The author’s primary intention was to determine the chronology of clandestine contact between both scientific and technological intelligence services, show the thematic spectrum and the scale of information exchange, and to define the points of gravity of the cooperation. The analysis of archival documents created by Department I of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on one hand and by various divisions in the Ministerium für Staatssicherheit on the other makes it possible to determine that components of both countries’ intelligence active in the field of science and technology submitted analyses and informational materials to each other, particularly in the field of nuclear energy and the military complex of NATO countries, as early as the late 1950s. The cooperation deepened around the mid-1970s, where annual consultation between the managements of the WNT and the SWT combined with exchange of experience with regard to industrial espionage became a standard. With the passage of time, the interest of both services expanded into all key branches of the industry such as metallurgy and exploitation of natural deposits, polymer chemistry and biotechnology, and particularly microelectronics and information technology. In the 1980s, the cooperation reached its most advanced stage and encompassed mutual exchange of construction and technological documentation and designs, as well as samples of materials and chemical compounds obtained on the “black market” (i.e. through informers recruited in Western companies).
    Źródło:
    Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość; 2017, 29; 506-539
    1427-7476
    Pojawia się w:
    Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zasady i praktyka przejęcia majątku polskiego przez III Rzeszę, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sektora rolnego oraz mieszkaniowego, na przykładzie prowincji śląskiej (górnośląskiej) w latach 1939–1944
    Principles and Practice of Expropriation of Polish Property by the Third Reich, particularly of Residential and Agricultural Property, exemplifi ed in the Province of Silesia/Upper Silesia, 1939–1944
    Autorzy:
    Sikora, Mirosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/478337.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
    Opis:
    The article presents the formal principles and practices concerning expropriation of Polish property by the German authorities in the territory annexed to the Third Reich in autumn 1939. The article focuses on the expropriation, confiscation, temporary management and sale of farms, as well as residential housing and building plots. The divisions of competency, between the German civilian central and regional administrative bodies, as well as the SS administration, are defined in an effort to determine responsibility for execution of particular expropriations in the annexed territories in the name of ‘strengthening Germanhood’. Polish territories incorporated into the province of Silesia are used as a case study. The author delineates the stages of expropriating Polish property – from registering and assessing value, to removal of Polish owners (private owners – Polish nationals, Jewish or ethnically Polish, or Polish state property) and management of expropriated farmsteads or home, thru its sale or lease to German citizens (Reichsdeutsch, Volksdeutsch, or resettled Germans) or its nationalization. Three persons, whose roles and responsibilities intertwined, were responsible for the management and redistribution of expropriated Polish (and Jewish) property: Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring, as the superior of the Chief Trust Office East (Haupttreuhandstelle Ost), Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler as the Reich Commissioner for the Strengthening of Germanhood (Reichskommissar für die Festigung des deutschen Volkstums), and the Reich Minister for Food and Agriculture (Reichsminister für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft) Richard Walter Darré (until 1942). The lack of clear-cut jurisdictions caused frictions between the offices, both at the ministerial and regional levels, and were not avoided in Upper Silesia. During the war Himmler consistently extended his infl uences over the control and redistribution of seized property, using his authority over issues of colonization of annexed territories.
    Źródło:
    Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość; 2008, 2(13); 43-82
    1427-7476
    Pojawia się w:
    Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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