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Wyszukujesz frazę "Catholic Church 1989" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola

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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Kościół katolicki w latach przełomu (1987–1989)
    The Roman Catholic Church in the Breakthrough Years (1987–1989)
    Autorzy:
    Łatka, Rafał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/478044.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
    Tematy:
    Roman Catholic Church
    Polish episcopacy
    communist authorities
    Józef Glemp
    Wojciech Jaruzelski
    system transformation
    negotiations
    Opis:
    R ola Kościoła katolickiego w trzech ostatnich latach istnienia PRL była znacząca. Po trzeciej pielgrzymce Jana Pawła II wspomniana instytucja wystąpiła jako pośrednik i moderator dialogu między władzami a opozycją. Episkopat konsekwentnie odrzucał kolejne propozycje strony rządowej zmierzające do reformy systemu bez udziału dzia- łaczy zdelegalizowanej „Solidarności”. Zaangażowanie hierarchii kościelnej było nie- zwykle ważne dla doprowadzenia do rozmów „okrągłego stołu” oraz w czasie wyborów parlamentarnych w czerwcu 1989 r., gdy jej wsparcie okazało się kluczowe dla zwycięstwa Komitetu Obywatelskiego i klęski listy rządowej. W tym okresie Episkopat odniósł także bezprecedensowe sukcesy w zakresie relacji państwo–Kościół: uregulowanie swojego statusu prawnego i nawiązanie stosunków dyplomatycznych między Stolicą Apostolską i PRL. Oba osiągnął na własnych warunkach, wykorzystując swoją silniejszą pozycję negocjacyjną. Artykuł przedstawia podejście struktur centralnych Kościoła w Polsce do sytuacji politycznej w ostatnich trzech latach PRL, gdy Episkopat był swego rodzaju akuszerem porozumienia między władzą a opozycją.
    T he Roman Catholic Church played a significant role during the last three years of the People’s Republic of Poland. Following the third pilgrimage of John Paul II, the institution acted as a mediator and moderator of dialogue between the authorities and the opposition. The episcopacy kept rejecting subsequent proposals of the government party to reform the system without involving activists of the delegalized “Solidarity” Movement. The involvement of the Roman Catholic hierarchy was hugely important for initiating the “Round Table” talks and during the parliamentary elections of June 1989 when its support turned out to be of key significance for the victory of the Civic Committee and for the defeat of the government party. At that time, the episcopacy also recorded unprecedented successes in the relations between the state and the Church, the regulation of its legal status as well as the Holy See and the People’s Republic of Poland entering into diplomatic relations. It achieved both on its own terms by leveraging its superior negotiation power. The article discusses the approach of the highest hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland toward the political situation during the last three years of the People’s Republic of Poland when the episcopacy served as a kind of “midwife” for the agreement between those in power and the opposition.
    Źródło:
    Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość; 2019, 33; 13-40
    1427-7476
    Pojawia się w:
    Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kościół rzymskokatolicki na Ukrainie Zachodniej na przykładzie Tarnopolszczyzny w latach 1946–1989
    The Roman Catholic Church in Western Ukraine as exemplified by the Tarnopol region between 1946–1989
    Autorzy:
    Stocki, Jarosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/478082.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
    Opis:
    In 1944–1945 100 000 Polish repatriates, including nearly 100 priests left the Tarnopol region. 259 churches and chapels became deserted. Toward the end of the forties there remained eleven legally functioning Roman Catholic communities, with almost 3000 faithful, looked after by seven priests. Despite the hostility of the atheistic, totalitarian regime, the communities not only preserved their religious tradition and national identity, but also became a moral support to the underground Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. In the Khrushchev era – in contrast to the Stalinist period – mass repressions were not instigated the clergy, quite the opposite – many clergymen were freed from prisons and camps. However, at the same time, atheist propaganda was intensified. Orthodox and Catholic churches were being closed, religious communities were being officially deregistered. Due to this, in 1964 only six registered Roman Catholic communities remained with the same number of churches. The remaining communities lost their previous status. Through delegalising them, the local authorities were acting according to the expectations of the Kiev and Moscow officials, however, they made it more difficult for themselves to control part of the Roman Catholics in future. Persecutions led to the closing of the Roman and Greek Catholics – not only in the Tarnopol district, but also in the whole of Western Ukraine. During Brezhnev’s rule the atheist course was continued. In the mid seventies in the Tarnopol region only three legally registered parishes remained, with three churches, while as many as ten functioned illegally. Naturally, this situation could not please local Catholics. The active attitude of the clergy, imbued by the spirit of the II Vatican Council, caused the faithful to become more active. They started systematically sending petitions to the district plenipotentiary for religious cults concerning the reregistration of the Roman Catholic parishes. The authorities consistently refused. Not until the policies of glasnost and perestroika, inaugurated by Gorbachov, were there conditions for religious freedom and the rebirth of Catholicism and other religions. The Roman Catholics of the Tarnopol region had their loyalty to Jesus Christ and the Holy See. They passed the test honourably and with a clear conscience.
    Źródło:
    Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość; 2005, 1(7); 203-226
    1427-7476
    Pojawia się w:
    Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Między męczeństwem a przystosowaniem. Kościół katolicki w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej pod rządami komunistów (1944–1989)
    Between martyrdom and adaptation: The Catholic Church in Central and Eastern Europe under Communist rule (1944–1989)
    Autorzy:
    Wierzbicki, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/478161.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
    Źródło:
    Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość; 2017, 29; 17-24
    1427-7476
    Pojawia się w:
    Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Procesy polityczne członków zakonów męskich i kongregacji w Czechach w latach 1948–1989
    The political trials of members of male orders and congregations in the Czechoslovakia in the period of 1948–1989
    Autorzy:
    Vlček, Vojtěch
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/477919.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
    Tematy:
    Kościół rzymsko-katolicki
    zakonny
    prześladowanie religijne
    procesy polityczne
    reżim komunistyczny
    Czechosłowacja 1948–1989
    Roman Catholic Church
    conventual
    religious persecution
    political trials
    Communist regime
    Czechoslovakia 1948–89
    Opis:
    The political trials of members of male orders and congregations in the Czechosloslovakia in the period of 1948–1989 The study depicts persecutions of male orders and congregations in the period of the Communism regime in the Czech lands during the period of 1948–1989. It indicates the graduał restriction of their activities after the Communist takeover in February 1948. The first part includes the period of 1948–1968, namely the mass attack of the Communist oppressors on the orders shortly after assuming authority, the restriction of their public activities until the complete liquidation of all male orders in Czechoslovakia in April 1950, the so-called K campaign implemented by the state security services (in Czech: Státní bezpečnost). It also mentions the life of monks in centralising internment camps and the illegal renewing of communes as well as the continuation of conventual life in hiding in the 1950s and 1960s. The most significant form of the persecutions committed on monks were the political show trials. In the early 1950s and subsequently in the 1960s, within the Czech lands, during two large rounds of trials, 361 monks were convicted in 175 trials, including 18 of them more than once. The frequent cause of the imprisonment and conviction of the monks was, firstly, their public activities, reading pastoral letters, criticising Communism during their sermons or helping people related to the Anti-Communism movement. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, in the majority of case, these were group trials including several dozen members of the order, the purpose of which was the liquidation of any signs of life emanating from the Order: secret meetings, enrolling new members, ordinations. In particular, the 1950s were characterised by severe sentences (58 monks were sentenced to 10-15 in prison, 14 to 20 years or more and 3 to life imprisonment). The most striking aspect was the cruelty of the interrogation methods of the secret agents of the state security, mentally and physically torturing the persons they interrogated; at least 3 monks died in remand centres and 6 while serving time in prison. The second part of the text provides an analysis of the orders in the period 1968–1989. The nationwide thaw in the period of the so-called Prague Spring in 1968 brought a short-term attempt at reviving conventual life in the Czech Republic. After the invasion of the Warsaw Pack military forces and progressing normalisation in the 1970s, conventual communes underwent a process of destruction at the hands of secret church officers and the state security services, while the existence of male orders, including the recruitment of new members, research, publication of religious literature, was deemed illegal, and thus punishable under law. In the period of normalisation, in contrast to the 1950s and 1960s, there were not hundreds of cases of arrests, interrogations and convictions but there were individual trials. Only in the case of the Franciscans during the Vir campaign in 1983, and during other campaigns against them within the republic were dozens of order members prosecuted, of whom only five were sentenced in the Czech lands. Many of the cases that were brought to trial, despite serious interest from the state security services, ended in failure or reversal. In the 1970s and 1980s, the Communist authorities refrained from the previously widespread practices of interning monks in camps or nationwide manhunts. This was caused mainly by the negative reaction of the national opposition as well as international protests and coverage of those cases in the Western mass media. The persecution of male orders and the trials of their members continued in Czechoslovakia throughout the entire period of the Communist regime, with the exception of late 1960s. Since 1950 until the fall of the regime in 1989, with the exception of the period of the so-called Prague Spring, the activities of male orders were deemed undesirable and illegal. The long-term objective of the Communist regime was the complete destruction of conventual life in Czechoslovakia and to convert the society to atheism.
    Źródło:
    Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość; 2017, 29; 251-283
    1427-7476
    Pojawia się w:
    Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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