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Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
Tytuł:
Pierwsze mosty żeliwne – transfer technologii hutniczej ze Szkocji na Śląsk pod koniec XVIII wieku
The first cast-iron bridges – the transfer of metallurgical technology from Scotland to Silesia at the end of the 18th century
Autorzy:
Zbiegieni, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20874573.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
rewolucja przemysłowa
hutnictwo
mosty żeliwne
Śląsk
Szkocja
Krzeszowice
industrial revolution
metallurgy
cast-iron bridges
Silesia
Scotland
Opis:
Po II rozbiorze Polski w 1793 roku Śląsk znalazł się w królestwie pruskim, a po objęciu nadzoru nad górnictwem śląskim hrabia Fryderyk Reden wprowadził innowacje technologiczne, wzorując się na rozwiązaniach stosowanych w górnictwie na Wyspach Brytyjskich. Podczas wizyty w Wielkiej Brytanii, która miała miejsce w 1789 roku, Reden poznawał górnictwo, hutnictwo i sposób transportu kanałami węgla dostarczanego do hut. W celu realizacji budowy „Królewskiej Huty i Odlewni” w Gliwicach hrabia Reden sprowadził na Śląsk Johna Baildona – zdolnego inżyniera pracującego wówczas w hucie „Carron Ironworks” nad rzeką Carron w Szkocji. Ten szkocki inżynier był biegły w wielu dziedzinach, bo oprócz technologii dla hutnictwa projektował mosty żeliwne, umiał kreślić mapy. Wykonał zatem projekty mechaniki pochylni tzw. „Rollbrücke” na kanale dostawczym z kopalni w Zabrzu do huty gliwickiej. Budowę samej huty rozpoczęto w 1794 roku, a według projektu Johna Baildona i pod jego nadzorem w 1796 roku uruchomiono wielki piec, pierwszy na kontynencie europejskim opalany koksem. W hucie i odlewni gliwickiej, oprócz dział armatnich, wykonywano odlewy elementów pierwszych żeliwnych mostów, produkowano też z żeliwa detale architektoniczne. W archiwum dawnej odlewni gliwickiej znajduje się projekt z 1824 roku mostu żeliwnego w Krzeszowicach (obecnie woj. małopolskie). Most ten został wykonany w hucie gliwickiej i znajduje się do dzisiaj w Krzeszowicach – w ciągu ulicy Parkowej na rzeczce Krzeszówce. Powstał na zamówienie hrabiego Artura Potockiego, który w 1816 roku objął we władanie Hrabstwo Tęczyńskie i postanowił wybudować pałac w Krzeszowicach jako siedzibę rodu Potockich. Most zbudowany w Krzeszowicach jest jedną z najstarszych, zachowanych do dziś na terenie Polski unikalnych konstrukcji mostowych wykonanych z żeliwnych elementów nośnych.
After the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, Silesia became part of the Kingdom of Prussia, and after taking over the supervision of the Silesian mining industry Count Frederick Reden introduced technological innovations, modelled on the solutions used in mining in the British Isles. During a visit to Great Britain in 1789, Reden learnt about mining, metallurgy, and the method of transporting coal, delivered to the ironworks, through canals. To have the construction of the “Royal Ironworks and Foundry” in Gliwice performed, Count Reden brought John Baildon to Silesia, an able engineer working at the time in the “Carron Ironworks” on the River Carron in Scotland. This Scottish engineer was proficient in many fields, as he designed iron bridges in addition to technology for metallurgy and knew how to draw maps. He made designs for the mechanism of the slipway, the so-called “Rollbrücke”, on the supply channel from the Zabrze mine to the Gliwice ironworks. Construction of the ironworks began in 1794, and a blast furnace, the first on the European continent to be fired with coke, designed by John Baildon and supervised by him, was commissioned in 1796. In addition to cannons, the Gliwice ironworks and foundry cast elements of the first cast-iron bridges and architectural details were also produced from cast iron. In the archives of the former Gliwice foundry, a design from 1824 for a cast-iron bridge in Krzeszowice (now Małopolskie Voivodeship) is kept. The bridge was made in Gliwice ironworks and is still situated in Krzeszowice – in the course of Parkowa Street on the Krzeszówka River. It was commissioned by Count Artur Potocki, who in 1816 took possession of the Tęczyn County and decided to build the palace in Krzeszowice as the seat of the Potocki family. The bridge built in Krzeszowice is one of the oldest surviving unique bridge structures made of cast-iron supporting elements in Poland.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2022, 1; 29-44
0029-8247
2956-6606
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zarządzanie miejscami światowego dziedzictwa UNESCO w Szkocji – wybrane aspekty w świetle opracowania modelu planu zarządzania
Management of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Scotland – selected aspects in the light of a development of the management plan model
Autorzy:
Fortuna-Marek, Anna
Siwek, Andrzej
Szmygin, Bogusław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538796.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
zarządzanie dziedzictwem
światowe dziedzictwo UNESCO
plan zarządzania
Szkocja
New Lanark
most Forth Bridge
zabytki techniki
management of heritage
UNESCO world heritage
management plan
Scotland
the Forth Bridge
industrial heritage
Opis:
The future of monument protection depends to a greater extent on methods of managing this resource. This is an ever more difficult problem, since complexity of values and functions of monuments is growing as well as, simultaneously, pressure to convert them. Sites entered to the UNESCO World Heritage List represent a certain test site for management problems concerning objects with the highest value. Management plans, the development and implementation of which became an obligation for administrators of UNESCO sites, are supposed to be the main tool in this regard. Operating guidelines specify a number of elements the management plan should contain, however, there is no universal specimen of such document. It is legitimate to create model management plans for groups of sites with similar characteristics. Above all, a model management plan should take account of the protection of values that justified the designation of a given status. This element has a universal character in management plans. This means that one can use best experiences collected on various sites entered to the List. New Lanark residential and industrial complex and Forth Bridge management systems have been selected as a subject of analysis. The New Lanark factory settlement was entered to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2001. The Forth Bridge was entered in 2015. In both cases management plans reflecting the specificity of a site and individual needs of technological monuments were developed. Notwithstanding any systemic differences, the Scottish experiences allow us to draw a number of conclusions we should take into account while preparing management plans for Polish UNESCO sites. The site management should provide for close cooperation between the most important stakeholders who can influence the object’s destiny. Particular partners have different competences, capacities and qualifications. However unexchangeable, they complement one another. Only the management system that includes substantial partners can be efficient – it enables us to maintain and convert the site in an assumed direction. Management of a historical resource (particularly a complex) should be multifunctional. Limiting a site to a museum does not create sufficient economic basis. Combination of numerous functions based on using – and respecting – historical values is possible, if organised (or supervised) by a site manager who has formal and substance-related competences in the scope of managing the site as protected heritage. An industrial monument can be attractive as an example of heritage; it can form a basis for plenty of functional solutions using its historic values; it can also form a basis for a intensive tourism. Multifunctional management of an industrial monument can take place at preserving an acceptable conservation maintenance standard. Management of a complex, multifunctional site is a process that should be executed on the basis of a management plan. Such a document – apart from standard information specified in operating guidelines – should contain a long-term vision, a strategy for a couple of years and short (one-year) action plans. A management plan should also take account of risks and possibilities generated by protection to local communities, particularly if it is linked with such status as the entry to the UNESCO List.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2015, 2; 199-211
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
KONCEPCJA BAZY DANYCH POLSKIEGO DZIEDZICTWA ARCHITEKTONICZNEGO W KONTEKŚCIE DOŚWIADCZEŃ EUROPEJSKICH
THE CONCEPT OF A POLISH ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE DATABASE WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN EXPERIENCES
Autorzy:
Kępczyńska-Walczak, Anetta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538037.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
COUNCIL OF EUROPE
POLISH ARCHITECTURAL DATABASE
baza danych polskiego dziedzictwa architektonicznego
metody dokumentacji zabytków
HerO
ewidencja zabytków w systemie cyfrowym
katalogowanie dokumentacji
Historic Scotland
RCAHMS
SCRAN
CANMORE
skanowanie trójwymiarowe
metadane
Opis:
The article deals with the digital record of historical monuments within the context of present-day technological requirements and potential. It is also a part of a quest for solutions to the urgent need for creation of a computer system of heritage documentation at the national level. It contains a survey of issues related to the development of an information society and increasing technological progress in the information sector; it also presents reasons for the necessity of establishing historical monument digital databases. The authoress focuses on the application of latest technologies for the protection of the cultural heritage. Upon the basis of an analysis of European achievements and, in particular, the best practices in creation of digital archives as well as the recommendations of the Council of Europe, she has defined guidelines for creation of a complex digital archive and improvement of the process of cataloguing documentation, management, protection and popularisation of Polish architectural heritage. The proposed system is based on the concept of general Internet access to information about historical monuments, with precisely defined access levels. What is more, the idea is also in accordance with the European concept of the IST (Information Society Technologies) and the promotion of national heritage conceived as a key element of identity. The article describes all stages of the implementation of digital technology in the documentation of historical monuments, and such essential questions as binding standards, digitisation methods, metadata, thesaurus, multilingualism, accessibility, and the durability of digital data, as well as legal problems, e. g. copyright. These issues are essential, though due to limited length of the article they are presented briefly. Such an integrated collection of information about historical monuments, based on a 'white card', European Union guidelines and recommendations of the Council of Europe (Data Core Index on Architectural Heritage) would comprise a valuable source of knowledge for conservation offices, historians of art and architecture, investors, architects and town planners as well as for the purposes of managing cultural heritage, education, popularization and tourism. Despite the fact that the detailed study concerns the creation of a system intended for monuments of architecture, it can become useful also in a more extensively comprehended domain of cultural heritage.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2007, 4; 11-22
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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