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Tytuł:
Charakterystyka i stan zachowania kamienia użytego do budowy oraz dekoracji kościoła kolegiackiego pw. św. Anny w Krakowie
Characteristics and preservation of the building and decorative stone of the St. Anne’s collegiate church in Kraków
Autorzy:
Smoleńska, Anna
Florczyk, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539500.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Kraków
kolegiata pw. św. Anny
kamień
stan zachowania
Opis:
One of the most beautiful churches in Kraków is the St. Anne’s collegiate, situated in the city centre. This localisation has a significant impact on destruction of the structure and decorative stones of the church. The sandstones and limestones of the structure outer part are exposed mostly to seasonal climate changes and anthropogenic pollution. The stone alterations are expressed mainly as surface build-ups with grey colours. Disintegration of the surface stone layers as a result of mechanical weathering, biodeterioration, efflorescence processes, exfoliation and scaling off sandstones due to hydration and dehydration of secondary salt minerals are other signs of stone damage. Green coloration of sandstone entrance stairs due to precipitation of copper carbonate (malachite) negatively affects the aesthetics of the church front. The interior stone decoration is represented essentially by limestones used mainly as the floor tiles. These are varieties of compact limestones, whose attractiveness results from their diverse colours, the presence of fossil fragments and calcite veins, and good cutting and polishing properties. The preservation of the limestone masonry depends on the rock type and the place it is used in. Considering the historic and architectonic values of this church, the most splendid example of the Baroque sacral architecture in Kraków, a special care in the selection of appropriate conservation methods must be taken to preserve to posterity the appearance and beauty of the collegiate.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2012, 3-4; 27-35
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stan zachowania stall gotyckich w Polsce
Autorzy:
Rehorowski, Marian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/537234.pdf
Data publikacji:
1959
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
sprzętarstwo średniowieczne
gotyckie stalle
ławy kościelne
stalle w katedrze w Tarnowie
stalle z drzewa lipowego
stalle kościoła w Bieczu
ława kościoła w Zbyszycach
stalle kościoła w Starym Bielsku
stalle na Śląsku
stalle na Mazowszu
stalle w Wielkopolsce
stalle na Pomorzu
stan zachowania stall gotyckich w Polsce
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 1959, 1; 30-48
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
GOTYCKI OŁTARZ Z DOBIEGNIEWA HISTORIA, STAN ZACHOWANIA, KONSERWACJA
THE GOTHIC ALTAR FROM DOBIEGNIEW. HISTORY, STATE OF PRESERVATION, CONSERVATION
Autorzy:
Markowski, Dariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538510.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
GOTHIC ALTAR CONSERVATION (POLYCHROME)
ST. JOSEPH CHURCH (DOBIEGNIEW)
Opis:
The article discusses the history, construction and state of preservation of a Gothic altar from the church of St. Joseph in Dobiegniew (Lubuskie voivodeship) as well as the conservation-restoration carried out from August to December 2006. The altar is composed of a Gothic core with wings and Late Renaissance predella and crowning. The Gothic part was founded by the von Wedel family for the church in Ostrowite (commune of Dobiegniew). After 1945 the altar was transferred to the parish church of Christ the King in Dobiegniew and then, in the 1980s, to the church of St. Joseph in the same locality. Conducted studies made it possible to ascertain that the polychrome, which at present covers the altar is secondary and had been executed in the course of the altar's thorough renovation in 1928-1930. The state of the altar's preservation called for urgent conservation. The painted layer was crumbling, and the gilded and painted blue background featured extensive blisters. The reasons for this state of things were primarily uncontrolled sudden changes of the humidity and temperature in the church interior. The chief premise of the conservation-restoration was the preservation of the polychrome and gilt fragments originating from 1928-1930. The uncovered parts of the original carvings confirmed the occurrence of only traces of the original polychrome. An essential conservation move was the restoration in the background of the adhesion of the canvas, with the priming ground and the painted layer, to the wooden base. Slightly concentrated binding agents with small viscosity and excellent penetrating properties are regarded as the most effective for work of this sort; they include solutions of glutin glues, whose characteristic features additionally include considerable flexibility. The conservation of the altar involved the use of fish glue by applying the so-called Russian method. The selection of the binder and the methods of its introduction depended on the state of the preservation of the altar and the possibility of repeating the operation. The altar is displayed in conditions of unstable humidity and temperature, a fact, which suggests the assumption, that new loosenings will appear and that it will be necessary to once again conserve the monument by resorting to the earlier applied binder. The conducted work also involved the removal of secondary inscriptions in the lower quarter of the right wing and the altar crowning, thus revealing the original inscriptions in German.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2007, 1; 23-34
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Destrukcyjny wpływ wilgoci na stan zachowania obiektów zabytkowych na przykładzie dworu Mokronowskich w Jordanowicach
The Destructive Impact of Dampness on the State of Preservation of Historical Objects upon the Example of the Mokronowski Manor House in Jordanowice
Autorzy:
Potocka, Anna Dorota
Gazda, Rajmund Witold
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/537607.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
dwór Mokronowskich w Jordanowicach
Jordanowice
Grodzisk Mazowiecki
zabytki Grodziska Mazowieckiego
destrukcyjny wpływ wilgoci na stan zachowania obiektów zabytkowych
zawilgocenie zabytkowej budowli
przyczyny zawilgocenia budynku
analiza przyczyn zawilgocenia budynku
Opis:
The devastation of historical objects is caused by numerous factors. The gravest threat posed for even the best preserved objects is concealed in moisture. Publications describing the mechanisms of damage caused by dampness are extremely extensive, and their discussion exceeds the space provided by this article. To put it in most general terms, moisture causes physico-chemical, mechanical and biological damage. The prime reason for the dampness of building walls is gro u n d -, ra in - and condensation water. The destruction of such an object follows a rapid course, but drying it calls for a long period of time. This is the reason why at the outset of conservation it is necessary to establish the degree of the dampness of the historical building, measure the relative moisture of the air, the dampness and temperature of the wall surfaces, and the heat conduction of the outer walls. Only the determination and identification of the causes of dampness make it possible to formulate a suitable conservation programme and its effective application. An initial analysis and examination of the titular object found that the main reasons for dampness are: 1. the unsuitable drainage of rainwater, 2. the absence of suitable drain pipes on the building and tin roof, 3. the absence of horizontal insulation, 4. the absence of vertical insulation or its inappropriate execution, 5. incorrectly conducted repair. The encroaching threat can be prevented by vertical horizontal insulation of the outer walls, draining the area around the building, including water from the collective sump, and vertical insulation of the inner walls with the polychrome by J. B. Plersch. A suitable selection of the insulation method and its rapid realisation are decisive for halting the progressing destruction of the object in question. Vertical insulation, employing the injection-coating method in the Aida-Kiesol, Remmers system, was conducted on the outer wall. Moisture measurements carried out in the autumn of 2001 confirmed the effectiveness of this particular method. Undoubtedly, such insulation should be applied in the whole object; together with roof repair, this approach will guarantee proper p ro tection against dampness.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2001, 4; 385-392
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
STAN ZACHOWANIA KAMIENNEGO BUDULCA ZAMKU GRODZIEC KOŁO ZŁOTORYI
STATE OF THE PRESERVATION OF THE STONE BUILDING MATERIAL IN GRODZIEC CASTLE NEAR ZLOTORYJA
Autorzy:
Labus, Małgorzata
Kubat, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538954.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
BUILDING MATERIAL PRESERVATION
GRODZIEC CASTLE
Opis:
The Grodziec castle near Zlotoryja in Lower Silesia region, is mainly built of dark gray basaltic blocks, when the ornamental pieces (portals, window frames) are made of upper Cretaceous cut sandstone. These main lithological types are strongly different in weathering resistance and are influenced by different deterioration processes. The most important are weathering forms belonging to the group of loss of the stone material. Regarding sandstone loss of material, it is mostly caused by men. In basalts, the loss of material is caused by selective weathering and structure of the rock. In the group of discolorations and efflorescences, the most important are atmospheric dust and sooth precipitation - mainly on sandstones outer parts. In the consequence of fire in the year 1945 (during the 2nd World War), within the some burnt sandstones, the color changed into brown reddish, the mineral content changed and the porosity increased. The castle was restored, and now it is mostly in good condition, however it is still liable to suffer anthropogenic deterioration.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2006, 2; 99-106
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kolokwium poświęcone estetycznym problemom konserwacji malowideł ściennych, 4-6 października 1965 r.
Autorzy:
Krzyżanowski, Lech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/535446.pdf
Data publikacji:
1966
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
estetyczne problemy konserwacji malowideł ściennych
spotkanie ekspertów dot. konserwacji malowideł
indywidualne traktowanie problemu konserwatorskiego
konieczność zachowania autentycznych malowideł
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 1966, 2; 84-92
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uwagi o potrzebie i metodzie odbudowy zabytkowych ogrodów
REMARQUES SUR LA NÉCESSITÉ ET TA MÉTHODE DE RECONSTRUCTION DE S JARDINS HISTORIQUES
Autorzy:
Chrabelski, Kazimierz
Ciołek, Gerard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/536261.pdf
Data publikacji:
1949
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
zabytkowe ogrody
konserwacja ogrodów
potrzeba zachowania ogrodów
problemy rekonstrukcji ogrodów
Opis:
Ec domaine de la reconstruction et de la conservation des jardins historiques est un problème qui, en ce qui concerne la technique, dif fè re beaucoup de semblables travaux en architecture ou un urbanisme. Ta différence consiste dans le thème essentiel qui, étant un matériel vivant, change au cours du temps, au point de vue de la forme, de 1a grandeur et de la couleur et, de plus, a une e x i s tence limitée. Les facteurs qui ont contribué à déformer le plan primitif des jardins historiques sont tout d’abord les modifications dues au développement des plantes dans le temps ainsi que celles a p portées par les hommes à l’époque du romantisme et du classicisme: ils translormaient le plan renaissance ou baroque on parc anglais de paysage basé sur des visions idéalistes de peinture ou, à la fin du XlX-e s., des tendances au naturalisme. C’est ainsi que de nombreux, autrefois, et magnifiques jardins polonais des XVl-e, XVIl-e et XVIII-e s. ont été en majeure partie déformés. Au cours des des dernières années, les mots d’ordre de la protection de la nature qui tendent à assurer tout monument de la nature, on accru le sentiment de méfiance à l’égard des postulats modernes pour la conservation des jardins, postidats qui considèrent le jardin en tant que composition spatiale où le matériel végétal n’est qu’un des nombreux éléments. Dans la suite de leur article, les auteurs p o sent plusieurs thèses essentielles touchant la conservation des jardins: 1) la valeur réelle du jardin historique, en tant qu’objet d’architecture et d’espace, est sa composition, 2) l’analyse du plan primitif est facilitée par d’anciens fragments: la végétation, les plis du terrain et les pièces d’eau, 3) une végétation d’origine pur e ment accidentelle ne peut être un obstacle à la reconstitution du plan primitif; il ne faut protéger, d’entre les plantes de cette dernière végétation, que des exemplaires très précieux qui ne déforment pas la silhouette générale de la composition, 4) parmi les jardins polonais, il faut en étudier quelques spécimens modèles des plus précieux eu se basant sur des recherches d’archives et de terrain, 5) au cas où les matériaux de terrain et d’histoire s ’avéreraient insuffisants, il conviendrait d’étudier l’entourage de jardin du monument dans ses formes et ses plans contemporains, en tenant compte des principes (le composition en usage à l’cpoque où le monument urchitectonique fut créé.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 1949, 1; 15-19, 69
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inwentaryzacje pomiarowe zabytków architektury w Polsce
Autorzy:
Zachwatowicz, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538978.pdf
Data publikacji:
1952
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
historia architektury polskiej
inwentarz zbiorów zdjęć pomiarowych
stan zachowania i pierwotny wygląd zabytków
zbiory zdjęć pomiarowych budowli zabytkowych
Centralne Biuro Inwentaryzacji
Biuro Inwentaryzacji Zabytków
Państwowy Instytut Sztuki
spis zdjęć pomiarowych zabytków
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 1952, ZESZYT SPECJALNY; 1-3
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prace konserwatorskie w drewnianym kościele parafialnym w Boguszycach koło Rawy Mazowieckiej
Autorzy:
Prosnakowa, Joanna
Puciata, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538354.pdf
Data publikacji:
1961
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
kościół parafialny w Boguszycach
historia kościoła w Boguszycach
prace konserwatorskie w Boguszycach
stan zachowania kościoła w Boguszycach
malowidła z kościoła w Boguszycach
Wojciech Wendrogowski
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 1961, 3-4; 63-80
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prawne i organizacyjne aspekty ochrony dóbr kulturalnych w Stanach Zjednoczonych
LEGAL AND STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY IN THE UNITED STATES
Autorzy:
Przyborowska-Klimczak, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/538454.pdf
Data publikacji:
1982
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Akt dotyczący zachowania amerykańskich miejsc historycznych, budynków, przedmiotów i zabytków o narodowym znaczeniu
Opis:
The article describes legal solutions and organisational structures in the United States in the field of the protection of the cultural property. Legal foundations of the protection are found in numerous normative regulations. Still, of primary importance are laws of 1906, 1935, 1949 and 1966. Next to the laws and regulations at lower levels the United States have a reach treaty practice. Upon their initiative in 1935 the treaty was concluded on the protection of art and scientific institutions as well as monuments of history. After World War II representatives of the United States participating in the works of UNESCO contributed to the elaboration of two conventions (11970 and 1972) on international protection of cultural property. In 1970 America and Mexico signed a treaty on the finding and restoration of stolen archaeological, historic and cultural works, while in 1976 — a multilateral convention of states — members of OPA was adopted with the aim to protect archaeological, historic and art heritage of American nations. An important role in the system of protection determined by norms of the domestic and international law is played by governmental organisations: Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, National Park Service, Smithsonian Institution and National Trust for Historic Preservation representing a non-governmental sector. Within this system important functions are played by numerous American museums which have rich collections and specific rules of enriching their collections as well as interesting didactic initiatives. Although only an insignificant part of the state budget is allocated for the preservation of cultural property, problems of their protection bost a high standing in the United States. A further improvement of the system is aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the operation of legal instruments, a bigger responsibility of the Federal Government, state and local authorities for problems of preservation, tightening the links between state-owned and private sectors and finally a fuller interest of the public opinion in these problems.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 1982, 1-2; 27-35
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ambony śląskie z lat 1550-1650 : stan zachowania
THE SILESIAN CHURCH PULPITS FROM THE YEARS 1550—1650; STATE OF THEIR PRESERVATION
Autorzy:
Pokora, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/537546.pdf
Data publikacji:
1975
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
ambony śląskie
protestantyzm na Śląsku
kazalnice śląskie
ambony z kamienia
ambony drewniane
polichromie na ambonach
konserwacja ambon
Opis:
The author deals with a number of problems connected with the state of preservation of historical monuments which played and important part in the history of art of the Renaissance and Mannerism Pediod, namely the church pulpits. The pulpits erected within the period of 1550—1650 in Silesia were, as a rule, built for Protestant churches and constituted extremely essential component parts of their furniture, It is therefore easily understandable that they were the elements of ecclesiastic fittings that required artistic forms adequate to their particular position inside the temple. The author quotes a series of statistical data concerning the number of the preserved pulpits. He states that within the area of Silesia about 100 historic pulpits of which 11 are built of stone and one of brick can be found. This number constitutes more than one-third of all historic pulpits in Polish churches. Then the author proceeds to the discussion of considered materials of which the Silesian pulpits were executed; wood is to. be the most frequently applied material — decorated either with polychrome paintings or ornamental carvings. On some pulpits there are also decorations in the form of canvas paintings. About 10 per cent of the pulpits preserved were built of stone, e.g. sandstone, alabaster, serpentine, but those which were constructed of both stone and timber may also be found. No cataloque of the historic church pulpits still existent in the province of Wrocław and in part by of Zielona Góra, where 85 per cent of a total amount of those coming from the period of 1550—1650 are grouped, no later than that prepared by H. Lutch at the end of the 19th centrury is avaibable at present. A journey made by the author in 1974 during which he visited more than 80 localities within the area in question enabled him to find out that the conditions of preservation of the prevailing number of pulpits are satisfactory. However, the original polychrome paintings on wooden pulpits are considered to be most decayed. In many of them baldaquins and some details of carved decorations are missing. During the last 15 years a couple of pulpits got lost. Another problem with which the author deals concerns hazards associated with incompetent renovation or restoration of pulpits carried out without the knowledge of conservaton authorities. To, some up the above remarks he gives a list ot objects requiring urgent treatment by restorers. Still another problem that he discusses regards re storations of the objects existing in our days that have been carried out during the past centuries or are being carried out in our times. Critical comments has been made by the author with concern to restoration of some pulpits an/d the repeateng failures emphasised as, for instance, the overpainting of original inscriptions or applying an improper palette and the like. In conclusion of his article the author advanced a suggestion that a wide action of inventorying of historical monuments should be started in Silesia and expresses his hope that the present article has sufficiently proved the urgent need to introduce a new organizational model for the field conservation authorities. According to his view it is indispensable that with conservation of each movable historical monument a t least two experts i.e. an art historian and a practicizing restorer should be entrused.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 1975, 3-4; 198-216
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„PARKI ZABYTKOWE – OCHRONA I KONSERWACJA” Seminarium, Warszawa, 16- 17 czerwca 2009 r.
”HISTORICAL PARKS – PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION” Seminar, Warsaw, 16-17 June 2009
Autorzy:
Sikora, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/535750.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
parki zabytkowe
ochrona
konserwacja
ogrody zabytkowe
stan zachowania ogrodów
rejestr zabytków
WKZ
Fundusz Ochrony Środowiska i Gospodarki Wodnej
Opis:
The organiser of the seminar on ”Historical Parks – Protection and Conservation,” held in Warsaw on 16-17 June 2009, was the National Heritage Board of Poland. The seminar was attended by the staff of the voivodeship offices for the protection of historical monuments and their delegatures dealing with historical vegetation, representatives of science, and employees of the National Heritage Board of Poland. The purpose of the seminar was to discuss numerous essential questions pertaining to the protection and conservation of historical parks and gardens, the state of their preservation, and the ways of their administration and use. The participants also considered problems associated with the creation by the National Board of a new reference list of historical parks and gardens for the National Fund for the Protection of the Natural Environment and Water Management, while a representative of the Fund defined the tasks that this institution can finance. One of the seminar blocks dealt with tree cultivation, and the debates ended with a presentation of examples of historical parks and gardens, which in recent years were subjected to conservation. The next meeting will be held in 2010.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2008, 3; 5-6
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stan zachowania zabytków powiatu lubartowskiego
THE STATE OF PRESERVATION OF HISTORICAL MONUMENTS IN LUBARTÓW DISTRICT
Autorzy:
Brykowski, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/537957.pdf
Data publikacji:
1975
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
zabytki powiatu lubartowskiego
kościół w Kamionce
kościół parafialny w Lubartowie
krzyż przydrożny w Lubartowie
założenie pałacowe w Zawieprzycach
pałac w Lubartowie
założenie pałacowe w Kozłówce
Opis:
The report discuss the historical monuments in Lubartów district, Voivodship of Lublin from the viewpoint of both their state of preservation and needs of safeguarding. A wide variety of historical monuments ranging from brick-built and wooden architectural objects, the sacral and palatial interiors, the mural and easel paintings, the sculptures, the goldsmith’s works, the textiles, and s.o. are discussed. At a consequence of that survey the author has arrived at the conclusion that the state of preservation of architectural objects depends to a high degree upon the attitudes of their present users and that, in general, those in hands of private owners are preserved in the best state. Quite different in the situation with movable monuments which are better protected by the state institutions. It seems that the causes of losses in resources of historical monuments within the district concerned can be sought mainly in the lack of understanding for historical monuments, in their improper use and the inadequate supervision by conservators. Particularly serious with regard to their conservation needs are observed within the group of the movable historical monuments and this in turn makes the more closer co-operation between the conservators and the Church authorities requivable. The called into being in 1974 by those latter the Main Conservation Committee should devote more attention to the movable historical monuments.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 1975, 3-4; 228-247
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ZABYTKOWE DZWONY KOŚCIELNE W WIELKOPOLSCE STAN ZACHOWANIA I PERSPEKTYWY BADAWCZE
HISTORIC CHURCH BELLS IN GREAT POLAND THEIR STATE OF PRESERVATION AND RESEARCH PROSPECTS
Autorzy:
Łuczak, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/536885.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
dzwony kościelne
rzemiosło artystyczne
wielkopolskie dzwony
Julius Kohte
Teofil Gapczyński
odlewnie ludwisarskie
Antoni Białkowski
Bracia Felczyńscy
Karol Schwabe
tonacja dzwonu
Opis:
Bells are forms of handicraft which have recently aroused great interest, not only as historical artifacts but also as a rich source of knowledge in humanistic and polytechnic studies. The value of bells is established by their sacred and musical functions. For contemporary researchers, the devotional, commemorative and aesthetic traditions inherent in them are also important. As yet the subject of historic founded objects on the territory of Great Poland has not been addressed by any synthetic study. At the same time, a relatively large amount of archival material has been preserved which could be used fruitfully in creating of a monograph on this subject. Among the church bells on the territory of Great Poland one may find historic objects dating from various epochs: from the middle ages (the mid-15th century) up to contemporary times. The chronological cross section of the preserved objects is the result of chance or purposeful destruction (pillaging, war requisitions) on the one hand, and on the other, founding mainly out of the necessity to equip a church with new instruments. In Great Poland, workshops and foundries are widely represented, as well. Those who created the oldest bells will remain anonymous; beginning in the 16th century it was more and more common to immortalize the artisan’s name and the foundry’s name on the bells. There are numerous works by important workshops operating in more modern times in Gdańsk, Toruń or Wrocław, as well as other local producers in Poznań and Leszno. From the 19th century the dominance of the Poznań foundries is noticeable, and those which were located in Prussia (later the German Imperium), which was, understandably, due to political reasons. After regaining independence in 1919, the great foundries in Przemyśl, Biała koło Bielska, Gdańsk and Poznań came to the forefront. An interesting thread which deserves more detailed research may be seen in the changes in founding customs. The oldest bells are the fruit of founding that was paid for by the church. With the passage of time, the significance of secular patrons of churches grew, and in the most modern period, that of the entire community of the parish. Bells were frequently founded as a devotional offering and as a memorial to the service and piety of donors. The content of the historical and sacred inscriptions that appear on bells is also a valuable source of knowledge about the subject of changes in religiousness. Decorative forms, apart from raising the value of a historic object, allow for the investigation of trends and artistic ambitions among their founders. Identification and recognition of the state of preservation of the historic bells in Great Poland, from the standpoint of protecting them, is essential because of recent, growing threats. On the basis of preliminary research, it may be estimated that only one third of these objects are registered. The Regional Center for the Research and Documentation of Historic Sites in Poznań, in cooperation with the Voivodeship Bureau for the Protection of Historic Sites in Poznań, has undertaken activities which intend to establish the state of preservation of historic bells and identify possible threats. Their results, along with preliminary archival research, will comprise the initial materials for the creation of a synthetic publication.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2005, 2; 20-28
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 37

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