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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 29
Tytuł:
Radon emission rate and analysis of its influencing parameters
Autorzy:
Neugebauer, T.
Hingmann, H.
Buermeyer, J.
Grimm, V.
Breckow, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147494.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
air change rate
radon emission rate
radon entry rate
radon exposition
window function
Opis:
The geological and structural conditions define the radon situation inside a building. While the geological realities can be specified by the content of radium-226 and the ratio of radon-222 emitted from the ground the structural conditions are defined by the tightness of the building envelope. The radon concentration inside has an unsteady character, which is caused by meteorological conditions outside and the air change rate (ACH or ACR), which in turn is influenced by the residents’ behaviour such as venting and heating. For the assessment of the radon exposition, it is necessary to perform measurements for a long time. An approach to reduce this time by eliminating the inhabitants influence on the radon concentration is the radon emission rate, also known as radon entry rate. This variable is based on the measurement of the radon concentration and the parallel determination of the air change rate via a tracer gas method, the result expresses a released activity per time. Due to their noisy character, it is necessary to apply a smoothing algorithm to the input parameters. In addition to mean values, the use of window functions, known from digital signal processing, was analysed. For the verification of the whole calculation procedure, simulations and measurements under defined conditions were used. Furthermore, measurements in an uninhabited house showed proof of the capability of the assessment of the radon potential. First examinations of influencing parameters of the radon emission rate showed a possible dependence on the temperature difference inside and outside the building.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 3; 337-342
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radon and thoron exhalation rate measurements from building materials used in Serbia
Autorzy:
Čeliković, Igor T.
Pantelić, Gordana K.
Živanović, Miloš Z.
Vukanac, Ivana S.
Krneta Nikolić, Jelena D.
Kandić, Aleksandar B.
Lončar, Boris B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148848.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
air exchange rate
building materials
radon exhalation rate
Opis:
The second most important source of indoor radon, after soil beneath dwelling, is building material. With the increase in environmental awareness and new energy-saving policies, residents tend to replace the existing windows with tighter windows, which leads to a decrease in air exchange rate and consequently an increase in indoor radon concentration. In case of low exchange rates, dose caused by inhalation of radon and its progeny can exceed external dose originating from the radium content in the surrounding building material. In this paper, surface exhalation rates of radon (222Rn) and thoron (220Rn) from typical building materials used for construction and interior decoration of houses in Serbia were investigated. Surface exhalation rate measurements were performed using the closed-chamber method, while concentrations of radon and thoron in the chamber were continuously measured using an active device, RTM1688-2, produced by SARAD® GmbH. Finally, the impact of the replacement of windows on the indoor radon concentration was estimated.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2020, 65, 2; 111-114
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Response of Permanent Monitoring Station (PMS) to increased radioactivity level in comparison with thermoluminescent in comparison with thermoluminescent
Autorzy:
Kozak, K.
Budzanowski, M.
Gaca, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147575.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
dose rate
environmental radioactivity
thermoluminescent dosimeters
Opis:
In this work, the response of the Permanent Monitoring Station (PMS) was compared with the readings of environmental thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) based on high sensitive MCP-N (LiF:Mg, Cu, P) thermoluminecent detectors and Gamma Tracer, an active device. Thermoluminescent dosimeters were installed close to an automatic warning system of PMS and to a portable Gamma Tracer monitor which is used for long term, continuous measurements in the environment at the INP. For several weeks 137Cs, 60Co, 226Ra and 241Am gamma-ray sources have been placed at distances of a few meters from the dosimeters, in order to modify the radiation environment.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, 3; 101-105
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Clastogenic effects in human lymphocytes exposed to low and high dose rate X-ray irradiation and vitamin C
Autorzy:
Konopacka, M.
Rogoliński, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147589.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
vitamin C
X-radiation
dose rate
Opis:
In the present work we investigated the ability of vitamin C to modulate clastogenic effects induced in cultured human lymphocytes by X-irradiation delivered at either high (1 Gy/min) or low dose rate (0.24 Gy/min). Biological effects of the irradiation were estimated by cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay including the analysis of the frequency of micronuclei (MN) and apoptotic cells as well as calculation of nuclear division index (NDI). The numbers of micronucleated binucleate lymphocytes (MNCBL) were 24.85 š 2.67% and 32.56 š 3.17% in cultures exposed to X-rays (2 Gy) delivered at low and high dose rates, respectively. Addition of vitamin C (1-20 mi g/ml) to the medium of cultures irradiated with the low dose rate reduced the frequency of micronucleated lymphocytes with multiple MN in a concentration-dependent manner. Lymphocytes exposed to the high dose rate radiation showed a U-shape response: low concentration of vitamin C significantly reduced the number of MN, whereas high concentration influenced the radiation-induced total number of micronucleated cells insignificantly, although it increased the number of cells with multiple MN. Addition of vitamin C significantly reduced the fraction of apoptotic cells, irrespective of the X-ray dose rate. These results indicate that radiation dose rate is an important exposure factor, not only in terms of biological cell response to irradiation, but also with respect to the modulating effects of antioxidants.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 4; 253-257
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determination of exhalation rates through measurements of alpha and beta radiation with the aid of liquid scintillation counter
Autorzy:
Chau, N.
Chruściel, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148422.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radon
exhalation rate
iquid scintillation counter
Opis:
In this paper, a method for the determination of the relative and mass exhalation rates is presented. For the measurement of radon content in an emanation chamber, an ?/ß liquid scintillation counter was applied. The method was preliminarily tested on the following samples: (1) samples of uranium tailing piles in the Kowary region, (2) samples obtained by mixing of the mentioned waste with various materials such as cement, gypsum and anhydrite and (3) samples of some building materials.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2003, 48, 3; 133-136
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Outdoor 222Rn behaviour in different areas of Slovakia
Autorzy:
Holý, K.
Műllerová, M.
Bulko, M.
Holá, O.
Melicherová, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146357.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radon
activity concentration
exhalation rate
orography
Opis:
Radon activity concentration (RAC) in the outdoor atmosphere was monitored in four localities of Slovakia. The distance between the localities were up to 130 km. The localities had a diverse orography, ranging from flatland to hilly terrain. A significant infl uence of orography and 226Ra and 222Rn content in soil on diurnal time series of RAC was found. A simple approach of determining radon exhalation rate from soil based on the increase of RAC from daily minima to maxima and removal characteristic of radon is presented. A linear dependency between radon exhalation rate from the soil and RAC in the soil gas at a depth of 0.8 m was found for sandy soils.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 3; 281-288
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Vertical distribution of 137Cs, 210Pb, 226Ra and 239,240Pu in bottom sediments from the Southern Baltic Sea in the years 1998-2000
Autorzy:
Suplińska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147171.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
Baltic Sea
contamination
radionuclides
sedimentation rate
Opis:
This paper presents vertical distribution of 137Cs, 226Ra and 239,240Pu in bottom sediments collected from the Southern Baltic Sea in the years 1998-2000. In the southern part of Baltic Sea the highest concentrations of 137Cs and 239,240Pu were observed at the Gulf of Gdansk. Deposition of 137Cs ranged from 1990š402 Bq m-2 in the Bornholm Basin to 3260š820 Bq m-2 in the Gulf of Gdansk. Depositions of 239,240Pu in the Bornholm Basin were 28.1-30.4 Bq m-2 and in Gulf of Gdansk 162-174 Bq m-2. The concentration peaks of long-lived radionuclides, owing to the sedimentation processes, show the maximum fallout period in different sediment layers. The observed differences in distribution of radiocaesium and plutonium along the profile confirm two main sources of contamination - Chernobyl fallout for 137Cs and global fallout in case of 239,240Pu. In chosen core samples from the Gdansk Basin vertical distribution of 210Pb concentrations were determined. Evaluated sedimentation rates based on decrease of unsupported 210Pb ranged in the Gdansk Basin from 1.9 to 2.3 mm year-1. Calculations based on 239,240Pu peaks show sedimentation rate, in the range from 1.6-2.2 mm year-1 for P110 region.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2002, 47, 2; 45-52
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inversion of the Jacobi-Porstendörfer room model for the radon progeny
Autorzy:
Thomas, J.
Jílek, K.
Brabec, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148747.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
Jacobi room model
inversion and invariants of the model
unattached radon daughters
attachment rate
deposition rate
Opis:
The Jacobi-Porstendörfer (J-P) room model describes the behaviour of radon progeny in the atmosphere of a room. It distinguishes between free and attached radon progeny in air. It has been successfully used without substantial changes for nearly 40 years. There have been several attempts to invert the model approximately to determine the parameters describing the physical processes. Here, an exact solution is aimed at as an algebraic inversion of the system of six linear equations for the five unknown physical parameters k, X, R, qf, qa of the room model. Two strong linear dependencies in this system, unfortunately do not allow to obtain a general solution (especially not for the ventilation coefficient k), but only a parameterized one or for reduced sets of unknown parameters. More, the impossibility to eliminate one of the two linear dependencies and the departures of the measured concentrations forces to solve a set of allowed combinations of equations of the algebraic system and to accept its mean values (therefore with variances) as a result of the algebraic inversion. These results are in agreement with results of the least squares method as well as of a sophisticated modern statistical approach. The algebraic approach provides, of course, a lot of analytical relations to study the mutual dependencies between the model parameters and the measurable quantities.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2010, 55, 4; 433-437
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Factors affecting the precision of measurements with the usage of proportional counters
Autorzy:
Bochenek, M.
Koperny, S.
Kowalski, T. Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146131.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
proportional counter
gas gain
count rate effect
Opis:
In all measurements with the usage of proportional counters the pulse height and its distribution are measured. From this one can calculate energy losses and their distribution along the particle track position in 2D. The pulse height at the output of electronic circuit, co-working with the proportional counters, depends on: gas gain, energy deposited inside a counter and parameters of the readout electronics. However, it is only the first approximation. Careful studies show that output pulse height depends on the place of radiation absorption along and across the counter. The measured effect is as high as a few percent across and along the counter. Those effects were observed for both cylindrical and rectangular geometry. The pulse height depends not only on the registered count rate but also on the speed of its change. All the above effects are a few percentage effects, but can strongly affect the correctness of measurement made with the usage of proportional counters.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2008, 53, suppl. 2; 29-32
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A gauge for measuring the dose rate and activity of ophthalmic applicators
Autorzy:
Machaj, B.
Awistowski, E.
Do, H.
Bilski, P.
Olko, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147042.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
dose rate
measurements
106Ru ophthalmic applicators
Opis:
A gauge was developed for determining the dose rate distribution and surface activity of ophthalmic brachytherapy applicators, particularly for 106Ru applicators. A plastic fi 2×2 mm scintillator is used as the radiation detector, featuring a high pulse count rate, which results in a low 0.5% random error, due to good counting statistics. Automatic gain control of the photomultiplier tube (PMT) is achieved using a LED as the reference light source. The PMT operates in pulse mode. Long term gain variation due to fatigue of the PMT or ambient temperature variation is thus compensated for. The count rate error due to inaccurate setting of the high voltage supply of the PMT is 0.4%, and the instability error over 7 hours of continuous operation does not exceed 1-2%, peak-to-peak.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2002, 47, 3; 107-111
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exhalation rate of radon-222 from concrete and cement mortar
Autorzy:
Perna, Allan Felipe Nunes
Paschuk, Sergei Anatolyevich
Corrêa, Janine Nicolosi
Narloch, Danielle Cristine
Barreto, Rafael Carvalho
Del Claro, Flávia
Denyak, Valeriy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147305.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
cement mortar
concrete
exhalation rate
radon-222
Opis:
The main sources of radon in the air of dwellings are soil, building materials, and groundwater. This study aimed to determine the exhalation rate of 222Rn from samples made of concrete and cement mortars, as well as to evaluate by means of gamma spectrometry the hazard indexes associated with other radionuclides present in the studied samples of building materials. The results obtained allowed the comparison of the exhalation rate of radon using theoretical calculations based on one-dimensional and three-dimensional models. Measurements of the activity concentration of radon in air was performed by AlphaGuard radon detector. Furthermore, obtained results were compared with the measurements performed inside the concrete test cells. These test cells were built with the aim of simulating a dwelling in small dimensions and to evaluate indoor radon activity associated with concrete. Consequently, the obtained results of radon exhalation rate, in becquerel per meter squared per hour, for the concrete was 2.55 ± 0.03 Bq•h–1•m–2 for the 1D model and 0.461 ± 0.008 Bq•h–1•m–2 for the 3D model. The exhalation rate of radon, for the cement mortar was 1.58 ± 0.03 Bq•h–1•m–2 for the 1D model and 0.439 ± 0.011 Bq•h–1•m–2 for the 3D model. The indoor concentration of 222Rn from the test cell was 112 ± 9 Bq/m3 . These values were below the limit of 300 Bq/m3 recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and <148 Bq/m3 , the limit recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Even so, these values should be the subject of concern since that activity is related only to the contribution of concrete walls.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2020, 65, 3; 65-72
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of the influence of chamber construction parameters on radon exhalation rate
Autorzy:
Kozłowska, B.
Mazur, J.
Kozak, K.
Walencik-Łata, A.
Baic, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147577.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
accumulation chambers
exhalation rate
measurement techniques
radon
Opis:
Radon exhalation from ground is a process dependent on the emanation and migration of radon through ambient air. Most studies on radon exhalation from soil were performed regarding the influence of meteorological and soil parameters. As radon exhalation rate can be affected by the internal properties of the sample, it may also be influenced by the exhalation chamber geometry such as volume-to-area (V/S) ratio or other construction parameters. The measurements of radon exhalation from soil were made using different constructions of accumulation chamber and two types of radon monitors: RAD7 (Durridge) and AlphaGUARD PQ2000PRO (Genitron). The measurements were performed on one site in two locations and approximately at the same time. The first tests did not show the correlations of exhalation rate values and the chamber’s construction parameters and their geometrical dimensions. However, when examining the results, it seems that there are still too many factors that might have affected the process of radon exhalation. The future experiments are planned to be conducted in controlled laboratory conditions.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 3; 269-273
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation and benchmarking of gamma dose rate employing different nuclear data libraries for MCNP code at the decommissioning stage of Ignalina NPP
Autorzy:
Stankunas, G.
Tonkunas, A.
Pabarcius, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146253.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
dose rate
Monte Carlo (MC)
nuclear data libraries
decommissioning
Opis:
A comparative study was performed to reveal the differences of three nuclear data libraries for gamma dose rate calculations when applied to heterogeneous environment in the case of decommission of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (INPP). The following libraries were investigated by employing the Monte Carlo n-particle transport code (MCNP): ENDF/B-VII, JEFF-3.1 and JENDL-3.3, based on the experiments performed for gamma radiation dose rate measurements inside the emergency core cooling system (ECCS) tank with surface radioactive contamination up to 54 Bq/cm2. MCNP precise simulation and the benchmark between the libraries highlighted the differences of results for the selected case of this investigation. The results revealed that the ENDF library is trustworthy for various dose and shielding calculations and similar applications since it showed a statistically satisfied agreement between the simulation results and experimental data.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 1; 71-76
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spatial distribution of equivalent gamma dose rate in the vicinity of mine water sedimentation ponds in Upper Silesian Coal Basin
Autorzy:
Śleziak, M.
Duliński, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146886.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
spatial equivalent gamma dose rate
natural radioactivity
sedimentation pond
Opis:
In the Upper Silesian Coal Basin highly mineralized mine waters are pumped into numerous sedimentary ponds before discharge to the Vistula river. They contain elevated concentrations of natural radionuclides (mainly radium). In ponds, some fraction of radionuclides is removed from the water column by adsorption on settling particles, precipitation or co-precipitation, thus increasing radioactivity levels in the deposits. Due to fluctuations of water level and wind action, fine fraction of the deposited material can be distributed in the vicinity of ponds. Three ponds have been selected for survey of the gamma equivalent dose: Brzeszcze, Kaniów, and Rontok Duży. The lowest dose rates, below 0.33 miSv/h, were detected in the area of the Brzeszcze pond. The highest values were measured over the sediments of the Kaniow pond (8.37 miSv/h), being 30 times higher than the dose rate received by population in Poland from natural sources.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 4; 597-599
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Natural radioactivity in building materials in Iran
Autorzy:
Mehdizadeh, S.
Faghihi, R.
Sina, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147658.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
gamma spectroscopy
absorbed dose rate
annual effective dose
hazard index
Opis:
This work presents a comprehensive study of natural radioactivity in building materials used in Iran. For this purpose, 177 samples of five types of building material, i.e. cement, gypsum, cement blocks, gravel and brick, were gathered from different regions of the country and analyzed by gamma spectroscopy to quantify radioactivity concentrations using a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector and a spectroscopy system. According to the results of this investigation, cement samples had maximum values of the mean Ra-226 and Th-232 concentrations, 39.6 and 28.9 Bq/kg, respectively, while the lowest value for mean concentration of these two radionuclides were found in gypsum samples 8.1 and 2.2 Bq/kg, respectively. The highest (851.4 Bq/kg) and lowest (116.2 Bq/kg) value of K-40 mean concentration were found in brick and gypsum samples, respectively. The absorbed dose rate and the annual effective dose were also calculated from the radioactivity content of the radionuclides. The results show that the maximum values of dose rate and annual effective dose equivalent were 53.72 nGy/h and 0.37 mSv/y in brick samples. The radium equivalent activities Req calculated were below the permissible level of 370 Bq/kg for all building materials. The values of hazard indexes were below the recommended levels, therefore, it is concluded that the buildings constructed from such materials are safe for the inhabitants. The results of this study are consistent with the results of other investigations in different parts of the world.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 4; 363-368
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 29

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