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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 118
Tytuł:
Air-crew exposure to cosmic radiation on board of Polish passenger aircraft
Autorzy:
Bilski, P.
Olko, P.
Horwacik, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147249.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
dosimetry
cosmic radiation
radiation protection
Opis:
To establish the need for individual monitoring of air crew, exposure of air-crew members of Polish airlines LOT to cosmic radiation has been determined and several dosimetry methods tested in flight. Passive radiation dosimetry (using thermoluminescent LiF and chemically etched CR-39 track detectors) was supported by calculations with the CARI computer code. We found that the air crew of most of the LOT aircraft studied (with the exception of those flying ATR propeller aircraft) may somewhat exceed or, in certain conditions (depending on solar activity), may considerably exceed the effective dose level of 1 mSv per year. For crew members flying regularly on B-767 aircraft, the estimated yearly effective dose ranged between 2 mSv and 5 mSv, depending mainly on flying frequency and solar activity. During periods of enhanced intensity of cosmic radiation (i.e. during minimum solar activity) the effective doses could be close to the level of 6 mSv per year.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2004, 49, 2; 77-83
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Functionalization of polymer surfaces by radiation-induced grafting
Autorzy:
Przybytniak, G.
Kornacka, E. M.
Mirkowski, K.
Walo, M.
Zimek, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146746.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radiation grafting
EPR
radicals
radiation yield
Opis:
The mutual radiation grafting of acrylic acid (AAc) onto polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) films was performed. At first stage of investigations, the influence of ionizing radiation on the trunk polymers was studied, i.e. the level of radicals stable at room temperature and radiation yield of evolved hydrogen were estimated for each polymer. The measurements were carried out using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography (GC), respectively. Radiation yields of radicals as well as hydrogen emission increased in the following order PS < PP < PE. Under comparable conditions, the same relationship was found for the yield of radiation-induced grafting of AAc. A distinct correlation between content of radicals generated by ionizing radiation in polymeric matrices and grafting degree was confirmed for the studied materials. The effect of monomer and inhibitor concentrations on the efficiency of processes were studied as well.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2008, 53, 3; 89-95
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The importance of the nuclear and cytoplasmic signalling in the cellular response to ionizing radiation
Autorzy:
Szumiel, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146716.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
cellular signalling pathways
ionizing radiation
radiation sensitivity
Opis:
DNA is the universal primary target for ionizing radiation; however, the cellular response is highly diversified not only by differential DNA repair ability. The monitoring system for the ionizing radiation-inflicted DNA damage consists of 3 apparently independently acting enzymes which are activated by DNA breaks: two protein kinases, Atm (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and DNA-PK (DNA-dependent protein kinase) and a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, PARP-1. These 3 enzymes are the source of alarm signals, which affect to various extents DNA repair, progression through the cell cycle and eventually the pathway to cell death. Their functions probably are partly over-lapping. On the side of DNA repair their role consists in recruiting and/or activating the repair enzymes, as well as preventing illegitimate recombination of the damaged sites. A large part of the nuclear signalling pathway, including the integrating role of Tp53 has been revealed. Two main signalling pathways start at the plasma membrane: the MAPK/ERK (mitogen and extracellular signal regulated protein kinase family) "survival pathway" and the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase) "cell death pathway". The balance between them is likely to determine the cell’s fate. When DNA break rejoining is impaired, the cell is unconditionally radiation sensitive. The fate of a repair-competent cell is determined by the time factor: the cell cycle arrest should be long enough to ensure the completion of repair. Incomplete repair or misrepair may be tolerated, when generation of the death signal is prevented. So, the character and timing of the signals are, to a large part, responsible for the cellular intrinsic radiation sensitivity and depend on the characteristics of the cellular signalling web.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2000, 45, 4; 215-220
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Environmental radioactivity surveillance system of ANPA
Autorzy:
Alonzi, A.
Mancioppi, S.
Notaro, M.
Zeppa, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148077.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
accidents radiation
emergency
environmental monitoring
radiation monitoring
Opis:
No nuclear power station are operative in Italy as a consequence of the general public debate on the use of nuclear energy, stressed by the Chernobyl accident and culminated in the Public Referendum in 1987, but within a distance of a few hundreds kilometres from its border several nuclear plants are operating. In case of a nuclear emergency, for instance, an accident in a transboundary plant, ANPA, National Agency for the Environmental Protection, as the duty to coordinate the technical activities supporting the Civil Protection Agency responsible for the management of national-scale radiological emergency. In this context, the realisation of the ANPA Environmental Radiological Surveillance System was started in 1996. The system was designed for continuous monitoring and early warning purposes and then the airborne particulate was selected as main environmental matrix to be observed. The system is composed of two nation-wide monitoring networks connected to the control centre operating at the ANPA's Emergency Centre; measurements, alarm signals and system status informations are transmitted to the centre in real time for data evaluation, reporting and recording into a data-base and for remote diagnostics of the monitoring station functioning. The ANPA Environmental Radioactivity Surveillance System will be described emphasizing the characteristics of automatic monitoring network.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, 4; 137-141
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of dichromate and ethanol-chlorobenzene dosimeters in high dose radiation processing
Autorzy:
Šećerov, B.
Bačić, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146742.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radiation processing
Opis:
Dichromate and ethanol-chlorobenzene dosimeters were studied in conditions of annual temperature changes during process control at the Radiation Unit of the Vinča Institute. Measurements were performed in February (10-14°C) and August (22-35°C) for the dose range 10-50 kGy. The difference between measurements using these dosimeters is in agreement with the previous laboratory studies of temperature effect on the dose response of a dichromate dosimeter. The absorbed doses measured by these two dosimeters are in good agreement and the difference is within a limit of 3% for the studied dose range. The uncertainties of dose measurements using dichromate dosimeter arising from irradiation during annual temperature changes appear to be well within acceptable limits indicating that this dosimeter can be used as a routine dosimeter.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2008, 53, 3; 85-87
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of gamma and proton radiations on the absorption, photoluminescence and birefringence of lithium niobate single crystals doped with Cu, Fe and Cr ions
Autorzy:
Kaczmarek, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147545.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
absorption
birefringence
gamma radiation
lithium niobate
proton radiation
wafers
Opis:
The results of investigations of the influence of gamma and proton radiations on absorption, luminescence and birefringence of either pure or Cu, Fe and Cr doped LiNbO3 single crystals were presented. A method of birefringence dispersion testing on the entire areas of plane-parallel plates of LiNbO3 crystals has been illustrated by the influence of both types of irradiation on pure and Fe, Cr and Cu-doped LiNbO3 wafers. It was found that Li NbO3 LN:Cu single crystal shows a different behavior compared with other investigated crystals. First of all it exhibits lower susceptibility to gammarays, the absence of 500 nm additional absorption, and a strong proton susceptibility observed in polarimeter measurements.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, 2; 63-69
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radiation activities and application of ionizing radiation on cultural heritage at ENEA Calliope gamma facility (Casaccia R.C., Rome, Italy)
Autorzy:
Baccaro, S.
Cemmi, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146412.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
cultural heritage
gamma radiation
irradiation plant
radiation effects
scintillators
Opis:
Since the 1980s, research and qualification activities are being carried out at the 60Co gamma Calliope plant, a pool-type irradiation facility located at the Research Centre ENEA-Casaccia (Rome, Italy). The Calliope facility is deeply involved in radiation processing research and on the evaluation and characterization of the effects induced by gamma radiation on materials for different applications (crystals, glasses, optical fibres, polymers and biological systems) and on devices to be used in hostile radiation environment such as nuclear plants, aerospace and high energy physics experiments. All the activities are carried out in the framework of international projects and collaboration with industries and research institutions. In the present work, particular attention will be paid to the cultural heritage activities performed at the Calliope facility, focused on two different aspects: (a) conservation and preservation by bio-deteriogen eradication in archived materials, and (b) consolidation and protection by degraded wooden and stone porous artefacts consolidation.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2017, 62, 4; 261-267
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pinch modes in the SPEED2 plasma focus
Autorzy:
Kies, W.
Decker, G.
Berntien, U.
Sidelnikov, U.
Glushkov, D.
Koshelev, K.
Simanovskij, D.
Bobashev, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146993.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
pinch plasma
pinch stability
plasma focus
plasma radiation
radiation source
Opis:
Deuterium discharges in the SPEED2 plasma focus (80 kJ, 200 kV, 2 MA, 400 ns) have been found unexpectedly stable within the operational regime as a neutron source. Only at higher filling pressures (above 6 mbar) sometimes m=0 instabilities appeared in the pinch column, especially in discharges of lower efficiency (moderate dynamics and neutron yield). Enhancing the electromagnetic radiation by doping these discharges with heavy gases (e.g. neon, argon) distinctly two pinch modes are produced, the micropinch mode (MPM) or the stable column mode (SCM), with a transition regime where the initial SCM is followed by the MPM. Micropinches are local radiative collapses initiated by m=0 instabilities of low-energy- density pinch plasmas. These instabilities and the successive micropinches can be suppressed by kinetic deuterons produced during dynamical compression of high-energy-density deuterium plasma sheaths. Depending on the relaxation of this fast deuteron component the pinch column can be stabilized for several tens of nanoseconds. While the short-lived (appr. 1 ns) micropinches erratically appear as point-like successive flashes along the pinch axis with temperatures about 1 keV and about solid density the reproducible SCM, optimized with respect to the compression ratio, forms a powerful linear radiation source of temperatures and densities similar to the MPM. The SCM needs powerful (fast) drivers in order to use the kinetic ion stabilization, but not necessarily MA currents as available from the SPEED2 driver. This opens the possibility to establish the SCM also in compact experiments like SPEED3 (8 kJ, 80 kV, 0.8 MA, 300 ns) or even SPEED4 (2 kJ, 40 kV, 250 kA, 300 ns).
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, 1; 9-14
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Worldwide developments in the field of radiation processing of materials in the down of 21st century
Autorzy:
Chmielewski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146175.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
ionizing radiation
polymers
nanomaterials
Opis:
Developments regarding the radiation processing of materials are discussed in the paper. Radiation sources are briefly listed, showing recent achievements in the field. The main group of materials modified by radiation are synthetic polymers and rubber. Other applications are irradiation of semiconductors and gemstone colorization. New, growing fields of application are processing of natural polymers and nanomaterials.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2006, 51,suppl.1; 3-9
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Industrial diagnostics system using gamma radiation
Autorzy:
Jakowiuk, A.
Modzelewski, Ł.
Pieńkos, J.
Kowalska, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147150.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
diagnostic system
gamma radiation
Opis:
During the operation of large industrial installations, a very important task is to maintain the proper technical state. In the event of an emergency, it is vital to locate the place of occurrence as soon as possible. In solving this type of problem, it often helps to apply the methods of measurement associated with ionizing radiation. One of these methods is the gamma scanning. The purpose of this type of measurement is the detection and localization of disturbance of technological processes which may result in incorrect decomposition the flowing medium and workpiece (sediments, congestion) as well as damage to the internal constructions. A particularly: (i) preventive diagnosis – early detection of installation failure; (ii) rationalization of repairs and renovations – to determine the need to take or not to take remedial action; (iii) quick and precise installation inspections – to gain knowledge of the technical condition and technological installations; (iv) indication of worn parts and posing a threat – diagnostics of the technical condition installation; (v) forecasting the useful lifetime of equipment.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, No. 3, part 2; 633-636
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Minimum exposure path in an enclosure of randomly placed radioactive sources
Autorzy:
Aljohani, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148350.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radiation protection
exposure minimization
Opis:
In this paper, two models to establish the minimum exposure path in a randomly placed radioactive sources enclosure are developed. The first model establishes the minimum exposure rate path and the second establishes the normal, to the inlet and outlet surfaces, path that gives a minimum exposure. The path that gives the least exposure is chosen. Although the point kernel technique is utilized and the enclosure is assumed rectangular with randomly placed radioactive point sources, the two models are independent techniques and can be easily incorporated with deterministic and statistical methods as well as other types of enclosures and source geometries.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2003, 48, 4; 201-205
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research on dose correction method of vehicle-borne environmental radiation measurement equipment
Autorzy:
Xu, Jie
Ren, Jizhou
Yang, Jianbo
Fan, Jiawen
Li, Rui
Li, Hui
Huang, Weiqi
Yuan, Biao
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2055679.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
dose correction factor
reference radiation field
vehicle-borne environmental radiation measurement equipment
Opis:
This study establishes a near-ground reference radiation field based on typical radionuclides of the Fukushima accident in response to the need for vehicle-borne environmental radiation measurement equipment that can accurately evaluate the environmental dose of nuclear accidents. The Monte Carlo code FLUKA is used to study the environmental dose of such equipment in the early and mid-late reference radiation fields of nuclear accidents. Results of the air dose rate at 1 m above the ground were corrected to eliminate data difference between diverse measurement platforms. Simulation results show that t he dose correction factor (CF) fluctuates at approximately 0.8813 in the early reference radiation field and at approximately 0.6711 in the mid-late reference radiation field . This deviation of the dose CF in the early and mid-late reference radiation field s is within 2% and is not affected by the change in detector position. This research can be applied to obtain more accurate measurement of an ambient dose in the near-ground radiation field and support the vehicle-borne environmental radiation measurement technology.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2021, 66, 3; 103--110
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Monte Carlo calculation of scattered radiation from applicators in low energy clinical electron beams
Autorzy:
Jabbari, N.
Hashemi-Malayeri, B.
Farajollahi, A. R.
Kazemnejad, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147627.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
Monte Carlo
radiation therapy
medical linear accelerator
electron applicator
scattered radiation
treatment planning
Opis:
. In radiotherapy with electron beams, scattered radiation from an electron applicator influences the dose distribution in the patient. The contribution of this radiation to the patient dose is significant, even in modern accelerators. In most of radiotherapy treatment planning systems, this component is not explicitly included. In addition, the scattered radiation produced by applicators varies based on the applicator design as well as the field size and distance from the applicators. The aim of this study was to calculate the amount of scattered dose contribution from applicators. We also tried to provide an extensive set of calculated data that could be used as input or benchmark data for advanced treatment planning systems that use Monte Carlo algorithms for dose distribution calculations. Electron beams produced by a NEPTUN 10PC medical linac were modeled using the BEAMnrc system. Central axis depth dose curves of the electron beams were measured and calculated, with and without the applicators in place, for different field sizes and energies. The scattered radiation from the applicators was determined by subtracting the central axis depth dose curves obtained without the applicators from that with the applicator. The results of this study indicated that the scattered radiation from the electron applicators of the NEPTUN 10PC is significant and cannot be neglected in advanced treatment planning systems. Furthermore, our results showed that the scattered radiation depends on the field size and decreases almost linearly with depth.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2007, 52, 3; 97-103
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Specific heat of selected graphites used in calorimetry of electron beam and its influence on the accuracy of measurement of large dose
Autorzy:
Panta, P.
Głuszewski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147858.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radiation processing
radiation sterilization
electron beam (EB)
high dose calorimetry
calibration
electron energy
Opis:
Calorimetry is applicable to both absolute calibration of routine dosimeters and absolute measurements of electron beam (EB) intensity (for industrial radiation processing). Advantages of graphite as the absorbing calorimetric material are a good heat capacity and negligible heat defect of this material. Knowledge of the specific heat capacities of the calorimetric core materials is fundamental in making absolute dose measurements. Two kinds of high-purity graphite used in calorimeters were analysed, i.e. Union Carbide grade AGOT and nuclear grade graphite [10]. There are some differences of specific heat of these graphites, up to 2% , which influence dosimetric response of calorimeters made of them.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2005, 50,suppl.2; 55-57
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radiation processing of polymers and semiconductors at the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology
Autorzy:
Zimek, Z.
Przybytniak, G.
Kałuska, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146107.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
electron beam accelerators
radiation processing
Opis:
R&D studies in the field of radiation technology in Poland are mostly concentrated at the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology (INCT). The results of the INCT works on polymer and semiconductor modification have been implemented in various branches of national economy, particularly in industry and medicine. Radiation technology for polymer modification was implemented in the middle of the 1970-ties. Among others, the processes of irradiation and heat shrinkable products expansion have been developed. The transfer of this technology to Polish industry was performed in the middle of the 1980-ties. The present study aims at the formulation of new PE composites better suited to new generation of heat shrinkable products, for example, a new generation of hot-melt adhesives has been developed to meet specific requirements of customers. Modified polypropylene was used for the production of medical devices sterilized by radiation, especially disposable syringes, to overcome the low radiation resistance of the basic material. Modified polypropylene (PP-M) has been formulated at the INCT to provide material suitable for medical application and radiation sterilization process. Modification of semiconductor devices by EB was applied on an industrial scale since 1978 when the INCT and the LAMINA semiconductor factory successfully adopted that technology to improve specific semiconductor devices. This activity is continued on commercial basis where the INCT facilities served to contract irradiation of certain semiconductor devices according to the manufacturing program of the Polish factory and customers from abroad.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2006, 51,suppl.1; 129-132
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 118

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