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Tytuł:
Neutron emission parameters from the collapse of the condensed Z-pinch
Autorzy:
Anan'ev, S. S.
Bakshaev, Y. L.
Bryzgunov, V. A.
Chernenko, A. S.
Dan'ko, S. A.
Kazakov, E. D.
Klír, D.
Korolev, V. D.
Smirnova, E. A.
Ustroev, G. I.
Vikhrev, V. V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146662.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
neutrons
energy distribution
fast Z-pinch
Opis:
The parameters of neutron emission from the neck of the condensed Z-pinch, were measured at an S-300 installation (2 MA, 100 ns). Profiled loads with central parts made from microporous deuterated polyethylene (with a density of 100 mg/cm3) were used in the experiments. Neutron emission parameters were measured by the time-of-flight (TOF) method. Neutrons were registered using four flight bases with 10 scintillation detectors which were placed at two axial and two radial directions. It was found that the mean neutron energy, determined by the TOF method, turned out to be anisotropic. The average energy of neutrons emitted along the axis towards the cathode, was shifted to higher energy (2.6-2.8 MeV) and the average energy of neutrons emitted towards the anode, was shifted to lower energy (2.1-2.3 MeV) compared to the d-d reaction neutron energy 2.45 MeV. The average energy of neutrons, emitted in two opposite radial directions, was close to 2.45 MeV. The half-width of the energy distributions reconstructed for all directions was 400-500 keV. The analysis of the experimental results demonstrated that the found phenomena could be explained by a slowly decaying high energy tail in the energy distribution of colliding deuterons. The maximal neutron yield was of 6 x 109.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 3; 333-336
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polydiagnostics performed on high - tech plasmas
Autorzy:
van der Mullen, J. J. A. M.
Palomares, J. M.
Iordanova, E.
Hübner, S.
Carbone, E. A. D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147834.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
polydiagnostics
high-tech plasmas
passive methods
active methods
Opis:
The large effluxes generated by high-tech plasmas force plasmas to non-equilibrium conditions. This implies that plasma features are decoupled from each other and that therefore different methods have to be used quasi-simultaneously to characterize the plasma. Even more insight in plasmas and methods is obtained if polydiagnostics is applied to a series of plasma conditions that gradually differ in equilibrium departure. After discussing methods of passive and active spectroscopy, we apply polydiagnostics on an argon plasma operated in open air. By introducing H2 and reducing the power we approach conditions of cool atmospheric plasmas (CAPs). It is seen that especially the passive methods for the electron temperature determination are very sensitive to the degree of equilibrium departure suggesting that active spectroscopy is preferable. However, one should realize that lasers can easily heat cool plasmas. This is due to the fact that the ionization degree of (semi-) CAPs is small.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 2; 147-155
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
57Fe Mössbauer study of stilpnomelane and associated chlorite from Polish granite pegmatites
Autorzy:
Malczewski, D.
Popiel, E.
Sitarek, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147222.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
stilpnomelane
chlorite
Mössbauer spectroscopy
Opis:
This paper reports the results of 57Fe Mössbauer study of stilpnomelane K0.6Fe6(Si8Al)(O,OH)27 .2H2O from Żółkiewka (Lower Silesia, Poland). Stilpnomelane in paragenesis with chlorite, tourmaline, claevelandite and zeolites has been found in granite pegmatites in quarries at Żółkiewka. The samples of naturally weathered stilpnomelane and chlorite from the same fragment of rock were also studied. The Mössbauer spectrum of an untreated sample could be fitted to two Fe2+ doublets and two Fe3+ doublets. The Fe2+ doublets have similar isomer shifts, but they distinctly differ in values of quadrupole splittings. Ferric iron, octahedrally coordinated occurs in three different environments represented by two doublets. The first of them, assigned to combined M1 + M2 positions and the second one assigned to M3 site with parameters IS = 0.36 mm/s and QS = 2.07 mm/s is visible in the spectra up to 880°C. This doublet is characteristic of stilpnomelane and can be regarded as a "fingerprint" of this mineral. After heating at 200°C, the relative content of Fe2+, ÓFe2+/ÓFe, decreases to 0.22 what means a 50% decrease in comparison to the initial value observed in the untreated sample. At about 1000°C, complete breakdown of the stilpnomelane structure takes place and the Mössbauer spectrum consists of two sextets and two ferric doublets. Abnormally high content of Fe2+ in naturally weathered stilpnomelane (0.70) comparing to the untreated sample of stilpnomelane (0.45) indicates that the sample had to be subjected to hydrothermal processes operating locally. Almost the same contents of divalent iron and hyperfine parameters of Fe2+ and Fe3+ doublets in weathered stilpnomelane and associated chlorite suggest that the process of chlorite transformation into stilpnomelane seems to be very probable.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2004, 49,suppl.3; 43-48
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Structure and hyperfine interactions of multiferroic Bim+1Ti3Fem-3O3m+3 ceramics prepared by mechanical activation
Autorzy:
Mazurek, M.
Jartych, E.
Oleszak, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147810.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
Aurivillius compounds
hyperfine interactions
mechanical activation
Mössbauer spectroscopy
Opis:
The structure and hyperfine interactions in the Bi5Ti3FeO15, Bi6Ti3Fe2O18 and Bi7Ti3Fe3O21 multiferroic ceramics were studied using X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Samples were prepared by mechanical activation process in a high-energy ball mill from a mixture of TiO2, Fe2O3 and Bi2O3 oxides as polycrystalline precursor materials. The mechanical milling process was completed by thermal processing. A pure single-phased material was obtained in the case of Bi7Ti3Fe3O21 compound. The proposed mechanical activation technology allows to produce the Aurivillius compounds at lower temperature, by about 50 K, as compared to the solid-state sintering method.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2013, 58, 1; 143-147
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy of annealed metamict davidite
Autorzy:
Malczewski, D.
Frąckowiak, J.
Galuskin, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148337.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
davidite
metamict minerals
recrystallization
Mössbauer spectroscopy
Opis:
This paper reports preliminary results of 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of metamict davidite samples (La,Ce,Ca,Th)(Y,U,Fe)(Ti,Fe,Mn)20(O,OH)38 after high temperature annealing in an argon atmosphere. The Mössbauer spectra show a gradual decrease of quadrupole splitting and line width values of an Fe3+ doublet with increasing annealing temperature. Rather unexpected feature of these spectra for an Fe2+ doublet is a considerable increase of the line width with progressive crystallinity and a simultaneous decrease of both quadrupole splitting and isomer shift values. Changes of the hyperfine parameters as a function of the annealing temperature appeared as sensitive indicators of the thermal recrystallization process of metamict davidite similar to metamict silicates.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2007, 52, supl. 1; 81-84
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Structure and some magnetic properties of (BiFeO3)x-(BaTiO3)1-x solid solutions prepared by solid-state sintering
Autorzy:
Kowal, K.
Kowalczyk, M.
Czekaj, D.
Jartych, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146674.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
hyperfine interactions
magnetization
Mössbauer spectroscopy
multiferroics
Opis:
This paper presents the results of the study on structure and magnetic properties of the perovskite-type (BiFeO3)x-(BaTiO3)1-x solid solutions. The samples differing in the chemical composition (x = 0.9, 0.8, and 0.7) were produced according to the conventional solid-state sintering method from the mixture of powders. Moreover, three different variants of the fabrication process differing in the temperatures and soaking time were applied. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were collected and compared for the set of the investigated materials. The structural transformation from rhombohedral to cubic symmetry was observed for the samples with x = 0.7. With increasing of BaTiO3 concentration Mössbauer spectra become broadened refl ecting various confi gurations of atoms around 57Fe probes. Moreover, gradual decreasing of the average hyperfi ne magnetic fi eld and macroscopic magnetization were observed with x decreasing.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 1; 81-85
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Monolithic silicon E-DeltaE telescope produced by the Quasi-Selective Epitaxy
Autorzy:
Kordyasz, A.
Nossarzewska-Orłowska, E.
Piasecki, E.
Lipiński, D.
Brzozowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148588.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
monolithic E-DeltaE telescope
quasi-selective epitaxy
Opis:
A monolithic, silicon, E-DeltaE telescope with a 20 žm thick DeltaE detector followed by a 300 žm thick E detector based on the n-p+-n structure was produced using a new developed process named Quasi-Selective Epitaxy (QSE). The resistivity profile of the n-p+-n structure and E-DeltaE two-dimensional contour plots obtained after irradiation of the monolithic E-DeltaE telescope by alfa-particles are presented. An energy resolution of about 1 MeV was obtained.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2003, 48, 1; 31-34
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Local atomic configuration in mechanically synthesized Co-Fe-Ni alloys
Autorzy:
Pikula, T.
Oleszak, D.
Żurawicz, J.
Jartych, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148207.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
nanocrystalline alloys
mechanical alloying
hyperfine interactions
Mössbauer spectroscopy
Opis:
Ternary Co-Fe-Ni alloys were prepared from the elemental powders by the mechanical alloying method. Structural properties and hyperfine interactions parameters were determined using X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction proved that during milling Co-Fe-based solid solutions with b.c.c. lattice were formed in the case of Co40Fe40Ni20 and Co50Fe40Ni10 alloys, while for Co52Fe26Ni22 and Co65Fe23Ni12 compositions Co-Ni-based solid solutions with f.c.c. lattice were obtained. Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed similar values of the average hyperfine magnetic fields for all the alloys. These values corresponded to the different surroundings of 57Fe isotopes by Co, Fe and Ni atoms, depending on the chemical composition of the alloy. The possible atomic configurations around 57Fe isotopes were discussed on the basis of the local environment model under the assumption that only the first nearest neighbours contribute to the hyperfine magnetic field at 57Fe site.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2007, 52, supl. 1; 47-50
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis and characterization of AgFeO2 delafossite with non-stoichiometric silver concentration
Autorzy:
Siedliska, K.
Pikula, T.
Chocyk, D.
Jartych, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148622.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
delafossite
silver ferrite
co-precipitation
hyperfine interactions
Mössbauer spectroscopy
Opis:
The simple co-precipitation method was used to prepare AgxFeO2 delafossite with non-stoichiometric silver concentration in the range of x = 0.05–1. The obtained material was investigated using X-ray powder diffraction and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy at room temperature. The structural and hyperfine interaction parameters were recognized in relation with decreasing silver concentration. The study revealed that the delafossite structure of AgxFeO2 was maintained up to x = 0.9; as the range of silver concentration was decreased to 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.8, a mixture of AgFeO2, Fe2O3 or/and FeOOH was formed.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2017, 62, 2; 165-170
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of BaTiO3 concentration on structural and magnetic properties of mechanically activated BiFeO3-BaTiO3 system
Autorzy:
Malesa, B.
Pikula, T.
Oleszak, D.
Jartych, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146512.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Opis:
In this research, the mechanical activation method is proposed as an alternative process of preparation of the (BiFeO3)1–x-(BaTiO3)x solid solutions with various concentrations of barium titanate (x = 0.1÷0.9). However, mechanical milling itself does not allow obtaining the desired products and additional thermal treatment is needed to complete the solid-state reaction. In the present studies, X-ray diffraction and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy were applied as complementary methods in order to study the structural and magnetic properties of materials. The investigations revealed that an increase of BaTiO3 concentration causes changes in the crystalline and hyperfine magnetic structure of the studied (BiFeO3)1–x-(BaTiO3)x system.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2017, 62, 2; 149-152
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of X-ray fluorescence techniques for the determination of hazardous and essential trace elements in environmental and biological materials
Autorzy:
Bamford, S.
Wegrzynek, D.
Chinea-Cano, E.
Markowicz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147255.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
biological material
environmental materials
X-ray fluorescence analysis
Opis:
The utilization of X-ray fluorescence technique for the determination of trace element concentrations in environmental and biological samples is presented. The analytical methods used include energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence with polarizing secondary targets, total reflection X-ray fluorescence, direct in-situ X-ray fluorescence, and micro-beam X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. These methods were applied to analysis of different samples including soil, water, plant material and airborne particulate matter collected on polycarbonate filters. The performance and achieved detection limits of elements for different techniques, established by measuring appropriate reference standards, are presented. Also described is the utilization of micro-beam X-ray fluorescence technique for studying element distribution in heterogeneous samples and investigating the 2D- and 3D-morphology of minute samples by means of computerized X-ray absorption and X-ray fluorescence tomography. The different X-ray techniques have their unique advantages. The micro-beam X-ray fluorescence set-up has an advantage of producing very well collimated primary X-ray beam (about 15 mm in diameter), in front of which the analyzed sample can be precisely positioned, providing local information about the sample composition. The energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence with secondary targets offers rapid analysis of broad range of elements (Na–U) combined with a simple sample preparation method. Total reflection X-ray fluorescence technique, characterized by the lowest detection limits of elements, has its leading edge in analysis of liquid samples, and dealing with particle size effects in air particulates collected on filter papers. In-situ X-ray fluorescence spectrometers are truly portable and enable on the spot, in field analysis. It is shown that the combination of several XRF methods
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2004, 49, 3; 87-95
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Factors underlying persistently high radon levels in a house located in a karst limestone region of Ireland : lessons learned about remediation
Autorzy:
Long, S. C.
Fenton, D.
Scivyer, C.
Monahan, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147388.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
karst geology
lessons learned
radon
remediation methods
Opis:
The remediation of buildings with elevated radon concentrations is generally straightforward. However, in some cases a number of attempts may be needed to reduce concentrations to below the reference level and, occasionally, it may be impossible to reduce concentrations to below the reference level in a cost effective way. This paper details the work carried out between 2004 and 2012 to reduce radon concentrations in a house with initial radon concentrations of almost 1500 Bq/m3. Over this period, high radon levels were consistently recorded despite the introduction of various radon remedial measures. Remedial work was carried out on ten occasions with 29 radon tests carried out to measure the effect of this work. The paper describes the structure of the house and the karst geology that it is built on and the likely contribution of these factors to the difficulties encountered reducing concentrations. Ultimately, radon concentrations were reduced to about 450 Bq/m3 but no further reductions were considered practicable without substantial and costly renovation to the house. Nonetheless, the remedial work carried out to date has resulted in a significant reduction in the risk to the homeowner of developing lung cancer. This work has also added to the understanding of radon remediation techniques in Ireland, particularly for houses built on karst limestone.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 3; 327-332
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Depletion analysis of the HELIOS experiment using the MCB code
Autorzy:
Oettingen, M.
D'Agata, E.
Döderlein, C.
Tuček, K.
Cetnar, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146842.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
depletion
HELIOS
Monte Carlo continuous energy burn-up code (MCB)
minor actinides
Opis:
The focus of our studies is to present an advanced depletion analysis of the HELIOS experiment by means of the Monte Carlo continuous energy burn-up code (MCB). The MCB was used mainly to calculate nuclide density evolution in nuclear reactor cores. We present the capability of the MCB to investigate the depletion of nuclear fuel samples irradiated in the HELIOS experiment. In our studies we traced the behaviour of the main fissile isotopes, 242mAm and 239Pu, respectively. We also perform a sensitivity analysis to the choice of JEF2.2 and JEFF3.1 cross section libraries in terms of the released fission power and the evolution of actinide inventories. The amount of He produced at the end of irradiation, as well as Am and Pu depletion, were also considered.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 4; 435-441
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tubing decontamination during the leak test of iodine-125 seeds
Autorzy:
Moura, J. A.
Moura, E. S.
Sprenger, F. E.
Nagatomi, H. R.
Zeituni, C. A.
Feher, A.
Manzoli, J. E.
Souza, C. D.
Rostelato, M. E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148765.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
brachytherapy
iodine seeds
leak test
sealed radioactive sources
Opis:
Leak tests were made to detect any leakage of radioactive material from inside the iodine-125 seeds applied in brachytherapy. These seeds are used in prostate cancer treatment. In the quality control routine, during seed production, leak tests are performed according to the International Standard Organization – radiation protection – sealed radioactive sources – ISO-9978 standard, and require liquid transfer between recipients. Any leakage causes contamination of the liquid and tubes. The aim of this study is the establishment of decontamination routines for tubes, allowing their repeated use, in the automated assay process.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2010, 55, 3; 409-413
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Recent ion measurements within the modified DPF-1000U facility
Autorzy:
Kwiatkowski, R.
Czaus, K.
Skladnik-Sadowska, E.
Sadowski, M. J.
Zaloga, D. R.
Paduch, M.
Zielinska, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148249.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
DPF-1000U facility
ion beams
ion energy spectra
ion pinhole images
Opis:
In this note we describe measurements of ion beams emitted along the z-axis of the DPF-1000U facility operated at 23 kV, 334 kJ, and with the initial deuterium pressure of 1.6–2 hPa. The DPF-1000U device was recently renewed and equipped with a dynamic gas-puff valve placed inside the inner electrode. The investigated ions were recorded by means of ion pinhole cameras equipped with solid state nuclear track detectors of the PM-355® (PADC) type. The energy spectra of ions were determined using a Thomson spectrometer placed on the symmetry axis at a distance of 160 cm from the electrodes outlets. The ion images recorded during discharges performed under different experimental conditions show that the ion beams have a complex structure, usually in the form of a central bunch and an annular stream composed of many micro-beams. Energies of the registered deuterons have been in the range of 30–700 keV, while the fast protons (which originated from the hydrogen remnants) had energies in the range of 300–850 keV.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 2; 297-302
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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