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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 45
Tytuł:
Development of an automation system for iodine-125 brachytherapy seed encapsulated by Nd:YAG laser welding
Autorzy:
Somessari, S. L.
Feher, A.
Sprenger, F. E.
Rostelato, M. E. C. M.
da Costa, F. E.
Calvo, W. A. P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147664.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
iodine-125 seeds
prostate cancer
brachytherapy
Nd:YAG laser welding
Opis:
The aim of this work is to develop an automation system for iodine-125 radioactive seed production by Nd:YAG laser welding, which has been used successfully in low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy treatment. This small seed consists of a welded titanium capsule, with 0.8 mm in diameter and 4.5 mm in length, containing iodine-125 adsorbed onto a silver rod. The iodine-125 seeds are implanted into the human prostate to irradiate the tumor for cancer treatment. Nowadays, the Radiation Technology Center, at Institute for Nuclear and Energy Research, Săo Paulo, Brazil (IPEN-CNEN/SP) imports and distributes 36,000 iodine-125 seeds per year, for the clinics and hospitals in the country. However, the Brazilian market potential is now over 8,000 iodine-125 seeds per month. The local production of these iodine-125 radioactive sources became a priority for the Institute, in order to reduce the price and the problems of prostate cancer management. It will permit to spread their use to a larger number of patients in Brazil. On the other hand, the industrial automation plays an important role for iodine-125 seeds in order to increase the productivity, with high quality and assurance, avoiding human factors, implementing and operating with good manufacturing practices (GMP). The technology consists of appliance electronic and electro-mechanical parts and components to control machines and processes. The automation system technology for iodine-125 seed production developed in this work was mainly assembled employing a programmable logic controller (PLC), a stepper motor, an Nd:YAG laser welding machine and a supervisory. The statistical repeatability of correctly encapsulated sealed sources with this automation system is greater than 95 per cent.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 4; 369-374
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A study about the measurement method of the homogeneity of radioactivity along an iridium-192 wire used in brachytherapy
Autorzy:
Costa, O. L.
Calvo, W. A. P.
Zeituni, C. A.
Rostelato, M. E. C. M.
Moura, J. A.
Feher, A.
Souza, C. D.
Somessari, S. L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148238.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
iridium-192
iridium wire
low dose rate brachytherapy
quality control
cancer treatment
radioactive sources production
Opis:
The Nuclear and Energy Research Institute has produced, since 1998, iridium-192 wires used in low dose rate brachytherapy. In the paper the authors studied the influence of wire profile on the homogeneity distribution of radioactivity of iridium-192 along the wire. The authors propose the improvements in the quality control procedure that will provide more accurate measurement data and suggest changes in control devices.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2014, 59, 1; 37-39
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Leakage test evaluation used for qualification of iodine-125 seeds sealing
Autorzy:
Feher, A.
Rostelato, M. E. C. M.
Zeituni, C. A.
Calvo, W. A. P.
Somessari, S. L.
Moura, J. A.
Moura, E. S.
Souza, C. D.
Rela, P. R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147662.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
leakage test
iodine-125 seeds
prostate cancer
brachytherapy
titanium tube
standard ISO-9978
Opis:
Brachytherapy is one of the possible treatments with ionizing radiation available for prostate cancer, in which small seeds containing iodine-125 radioisotope are implanted directly into the prostate. The seed consists of a sealed titanium tube containing a central silver wire with adsorbed iodine-125. The tube sealing is made with titanium at the ends, using plasma arc-welding (PAW) or laser process. This sealing must be leakage-resistant and free of cracks, therefore avoiding iodine-125 to deposit in the silver wire to escape and spread into the human body. To ensure that this problem is not occurring, rigorous leakage tests in accordance with the standard ISO-9978 should be applied. The aim of this study is to determine, implement and evaluate the leakage test to be used in the iodine-125 seeds production, in order to qualify the sealing procedure. The standard ISO-9978 presents a list of tests to be carried out according to the type of source. The preferential methods for brachytherapy sources are soaking and helium. To assess the seeds leakage, the method of immersion test at room temperature was applied. The seeds are considered leakage-free if the detected activity does not exceed 185 Bq (5 nCi). An iodine standard was prepared and its value determined in a sodium iodide detector. A liquid scintillation counter was calibrated with the standard for seed leakage tests. Forty-eight seeds were plasma arc-welded for these tests.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2011, 56, 4; 375-379
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Proton emission from laser - generated plasmas at different intensities
Autorzy:
Torrisi, L.
Cutroneo, M.
Cavallaro, S.
Giuffrida, L.
Margarone, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146370.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
laser-generated plasma
proton acceleration
Opis:
Proton acceleration from laser-generated plasma is carried out at intensities ranging between 1010 and 1019 W/cm2, by using ns, ps and fs laser systems. The high energy density transferred from the pulsed laser beam into the solid target generates ionized species released in vacuum from the solid surface. Fast electrons followed by slower ions build up a double-layer and a consequent electric field, which is responsible for the ion acceleration mainly along the target-normal. Polymeric targets containing nanostructures (or metallic species) with high laser absorbing capacity, and metallic hydrates (or H-enriched metals), permit to increase the plasma temperature and density, thus to improve the proton beam energy and current. Thick targets and low laser intensities, operating in repetitive pulse, allows to generate high currents of low energy protons. On the other hand, through the use of thin targets and high laser intensities enabled the generation of high proton energies, above 1 MeV.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 2; 237-240
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Charge transfer fluctuations as a QGP signal
Autorzy:
Jeon, S.
Shi, L.
Bleicher, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148475.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
quark-gluon plasma
event-by-event fluctuations
charge transfer fluctuations
Opis:
In this study, we analyze the recently proposed charge transfer fluctuations within a finite pseudorapidity space. As the charge transfer fluctuation is a measure of the local charge correlation length, it is capable of detecting inhomogeneity in the hot and dense matter created by heavy-ion collisions. We predict that going from peripheral to central collisions, the charge transfer fluctuations at midrapidity should decrease substantially while the charge transfer fluctuations at the edges of the observation window should decrease by a small amount. These are consequences of having a strongly inhomogeneous matter where the QGP component is concentrated around midrapidity. We also show how to constrain the values of the charge correlations lengths in both the hadronic phase and the QGP phase using the charge transfer fluctuations. Current manuscript is based on the two recent papers [10, 13].
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2006, 51,suppl.3; 65-68
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study of influence of particle identification in ALICE detectors and resonance decays on correlation functions
Autorzy:
Malinina, L.
Batyunya, B.
Zaporozhets, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147446.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
heavy-ion collisions
HBT
correlation function
particle identification
Opis:
The information about dynamics of the collective expansion of the source created in heavy ion collisions can be extracted by using intensity interferometry in different regions of rapidity and transverse momentum (pt). The study of different factors affecting the pt-dependence of the radii and the strength of the correlation is necessary and that is why we have studied the influence of the particle identification efficiency and the presence of the pions from resonance decays on (pi+,pi+) correlation function measured by ALICE experiment.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2004, 49,suppl.2; 99-102
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The characteristics of radon and thoron concentration from soil gas in Shenzhen City of Southern China
Autorzy:
Wang, N.
Zheng, L.
Chu, X.
Li, S.
Yan, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148789.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
222Rn/220Rn
soil gas
radon mapping
China
Opis:
Radon (222Rn) and thoron (220Rn) from soil gas are very significant factors that can affect the indoor radon level in the first floor or in the basement. China is one of the countries with the highest thorium content in the world. Therefore, it is very significant to study 222Rn/220Rn concentration in the soil in Shenzhen City (SC). A 222Rn/220Rn survey was performed using a portable radon monitor (model RAD7) at 69 sites, covered a total area of 1800 km2 in 2013 to get the original data for radon risk estimation in SC. The average values of 222Rn and 220Rn concentration of soil gas of the total 69 locations are 86 ± 72 kBq•m–3 and 118 ± 85 kBq•m–3, respectively. 222Rn/220Rn concentrations are related to geological lithology. 222Rn concentrations vary from 40 to 370 kBq•m–3 and from 15 to 118 kBq•m–3 in weathered granite products and sediments, respectively, while 220Rn concentrations are from 103 to 435 kBq•m–3 and 2.2 to 96 kBq•m–3. The higher 220Rn values were mainly observed at the sites covered by the weathered granite products. Comparing with the areas of high 222Rn concentration, the areas of high 220Rn values are larger. The distribution of 222Rn concentration in the vertical direction displays an exponential distribution mode, but there is no rule of 220Rn concentration. The investigation suggests that people should pay attention to 220Rn contribution in the radon mapping of SC, as well as in the indoor radon survey.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2016, 61, 3; 315-319
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Two significant experiences related to radon in a high risk area in Spain
Autorzy:
Sainz, C.
Gutierrez-Villanueva, J. -L.
Fuente, I.
Quindos, L.
Soto, J.
Arteche, J. -L.
Quindos Poncela, L. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148910.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radon
workplace
mitigation
pilot house
Opis:
Radon is a natural radioactive gas and it is currently accepted as being responsible for lung cancer in some cases. One of the most important sources of indoor radon is from the soil. The radium content of soil is also a very important factor to be taken into account. The natural radiation map of Spain (MARNA) classifies the country into three regions with different levels of natural gamma radiation. There are some areas in Spain with high levels of natural radiation one of those is the province of Salamanca. Western part of this province presents a population of 20 000 inhabitants and 7% of the houses have an indoor radon concentration above 400 Bqźm–3. In this high risk area, the village of Villar de la Yegua is of special interest: 11% of the houses in this village have an indoor radon level below 400 Bqźm–3, 89 per cent have above 400 Bqźm–3 and 71 per cent of the houses have a radon concentration above 1000 Bqźm–3. An old uranium mine site close to this village has been selected for the construction of an experimental pilot house. It is a two story house located in the place with a very high 226Ra concentration in soil. Radon in soil at 1 m depth has an average level of 250 kBqźm–3. We present in this work the characteristics of the experimental unit located in this high risk area and we describe the zone where one of the Spanish villages with the highest radon concentration is located. This is a very interesting place for further research on indoor radon concentration and it is a unique opportunity of testing radon monitors, radon passive detectors and remedial actions for the mitigation of radon in real conditions. It is common to carry out intercomparison exercises under laboratory conditions. Nonetheless, it is not so common to develop these exercises in real conditions as we have in the experimental unit we present here. We offer in this work the possibility for other research groups of testing their equipments in this unit and we also show the evolution of the works carried out in the locality of Villar de la Yegua.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2010, 55, 4; 513-518
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Induced m=0 instability in fast ablative capillary discharges and possible utilisation for X-ray lasers
Autorzy:
Ellwi, S.
Andreic, Z.
Ferri, S.
Juschkin, L.
Koshelev, K.
Kunze, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146997.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
Balmer-alpha of CVI
capillary discharge
charge exchange
induced instability
X-ray lasers
Opis:
High current linear discharges confined by their own magnetic field are subject to magneto-hydrodynamic instabilities which perturb a straight plasma column. An example is the m=0 mode, which is characterised by the development of necks contracting rapidly towards the axis with the ion sound speed. Discharges through capillaries were assumed to be stable hitherto, but by cutting capillaries lengthwise after a few shots hot spot traces clearly imprinted on the inner wall of the capillary are observed. They are interpreted as marks of an m=0 instability, and this interpretation is substantiated by a series of time-gated pinhole images, which show that the hot plasma region is clearly detached from the wall at the second current maximum and concentrated on the axis thus making the development of the instability possible. The instability occurs only with a specific sample of polyacetal as wall material, and its axial wavelength increases with the length of the capillary. By modulating respectively the inner wall of the capillary the wavelength can be imposed within limits. This is exploited for a soft X-ray laser scheme based on charge exchange pumping of bare carbon ions of hot plasma streaming from the necks and colliding with cold plasma outside the neck regions. Exponential growth of the Balmer-alfa line of CVI at 18.22 nm is realised.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2001, 46, 1; 1-3
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of low temperature diffusion of carbon in martensite by Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction
Autorzy:
Jabłońska, A.
Dąbrowski, L.
Suwalski, J.
Neov, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147492.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
martensite
diffusion coefficients
Mössbauer specroscopy
X-ray studies
Opis:
Martensite containing 0.87 wt.% carbon was studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy at temperatures, T = 10, 15, 25, 40 and 78 K and by X-ray diffraction at T = 78 K in the course of 35 days. Samples in the form of 30 mm thick foil of pure carbon martensite with enhanced tetragonality were synthesized applying non-standard technology. The measured by X-rays (c/a - 1) ratio varies within the limits 0.044-0.055 by pulsations with a period of few hours. According to Kurdimov’s model any changes in tetragonality of martensite are fully related to the passage of carbon atoms from Oc to Oa and Ob octahedral sites or vice versa. Pulsations of the central and satellite sextets were observed by Mössbauer spectroscopy. In accordance with the conventional interpretation of satellites, these pulsations result from different spatial distribution of carbon around the Fe atoms in the diffusion process. The data of (c/a - 1) pulsations were used to determine the diffusion coefficient below 78 K. The measured diffusion coefficient of carbon in a-iron below 78 K contradicts the classical approach to the observed temperature dependence. As the temperature is lowered below 78 K, the diffusion constant approaches the nearly temperature-independent value. The low temperature branch is apparently characteristic of a quantum mechanical process dominated by tunnelling in the ground state.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2006, 51, 2; 101-104
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study of some physicochemical and rheological properties of irradiated honey
Autorzy:
Bera, A
Almeida-Muradian, L. G.
Sabato, S. F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147025.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
gamma radiation
honey
rheology
physicochemical properties
Opis:
Honey is a sweet substance produced by bees, well appreciated in many places and its consumption has been increased either as raw material or as a food ingredient. Its use as food by the consumer, or even for exportation, implies safety inherent in its quality and processing control. Gamma radiation can be applied in food or ingredients for many objectives like pathogens microorganisms’ reduction, disinfestations, and sterilization. The aim of this work was to verify some physicochemical modifications, as well as rheological evaluation of honey submitted to irradiation at 10 kGy. The physicochemical parameters analyzed were: moisture, HMF, free acidity, pH, sugars and ash. The rheological behavior was measured at different temperatures. The results indicated that few changes occurred; the rheological behavior was not impaired and did not present any significant physicochemical alteration.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2008, 53, suppl. 2; 85-87
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Freeze-out process with in-medium nucleon mass
Autorzy:
Zschocke, S.
Csernai, L.
Molnar, E.
Manninen, J.
Nyiri, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148362.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
freeze-out
nucleon mass shift
chiral condensate
heavy-ion collision
Opis:
We investigate the kinetic freeze-out scenario of a nucleon gas through a finite layer. The in-medium mass modification of nucleons and its impact on the freeze-out process is studied. A considerable modification of the thermodynamical parameters temperature, flow-velocity, energy density and particle density has been found in comparison with evaluations which use a constant vacuum nucleon mass.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2006, 51,suppl.3; 43-46
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Vitamin E content and sensory qualities of γ-irradiated sunflower whole grain cookies
Autorzy:
Taipina, M. S.
Lamardo, L. C. A.
Rodas, M. A. B.
del Mastro, N. L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147792.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
ionization radiation
cookies
vitamin E
sensory evaluation
Opis:
The sources of vitamin E in the diet are oils, margarines, seeds, nuts and cereal grains. Industrialized sunflower whole grain cookies were treated with gamma irradiation and evaluated for changes in vitamin E content and sensory properties. Radiation doses were 0.0, 1.0 and 3.0 kGy, the dose rate was 3.5 kGy/h. Irradiation at 1 and 3 kGy resulted in no changes in vitamin E content measured as α-tocopherol equivalents by a colorimetric measurement based method. A sensory panel composed of 22 trained members found that irradiation even at 1 kGy induced certain small, but statistically significant differences in sensory characteristics for appearance, aroma, texture and flavor attributes. From the obtained results, it is possible to conclude that there was a notorious stability of the vitamin content of the product submitted to γ-irradiation at the assayed doses. Meanwhile, irradiation at room temperature of this ready to eat food item caused small but statistically significant effects on sensory (marketing) attributes.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2008, 53, suppl. 2; 81-84
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cyclotron production of 68Ga via proton-induced reaction on 68Zn target
Autorzy:
Sadeghi, M.
Kakavand, T.
Rajabifar, S.
Mokhtari, L.
Rahimi-Nezhad, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146448.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
production
gallium-68
zinc-68
PET
cyclotron
Opis:
68Ga is an important positron-emitting radionuclide for positron emission tomography. In this work 68Ga was produced via the 68Zn(p,n)68Ga nuclear reaction. 68Zn electrodeposition on a copper substrate was carried out by alkaline cyanide baths. 68Zn target was irradiated with a 15 MeV proton beam and a 150 mi A current. The production yield achieved was 136 mCi/ mi Aźh (5.032 GBq/mi Aźh). 68Ga was separated from zinc and copper by a combination of cation exchange chromatography and liquid-liquid extraction methods.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2009, 54, 1; 25-28
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gamma-ray computed tomography as a tool to evaluate porosity changes along depth for surface crusted soils
Autorzy:
Pires, L. F.
Bacchi, O. O. S.
Reichardt, K.
Dias, N. M. P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146838.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
gamma-ray attenuation
soil density
soil structure
soil surface sealing
241 Am
applied nuclear physics
gamma tomography
Opis:
Assessment of changes in porosity (ö) along depth for soils with surface crusting is difficult because conventional soil physical investigation tools are destructive and usually require a long period of time for preparation and analysis of the samples. Computed tomography (CT) has frequently been used as a method to evaluate soil structure in a nondestructive, sensitive, and rapid manner. CT data can be used for measuring at a millimetric scale changes in ö along depth for soils with surface crusting. The main objective of this work was to investigate the sensibility of the gamma-ray CT to assess soil structural changes along depth in samples presenting structural crust. CT images were taken with a first generation scanner of 1.14 mm resolution along eight different soil layers within the 0 28 mm depth. Porosity increased along depth up to the 14 17.5 mm layer. Through the analysis of the ö distribution of each layer it was possible to show that the sealed surface layer presented ö values of approximately 30%, while the other layers were greater than 30% up to 60% (macropore regions). The sealing crust thickness was estimated to be in the range of 2.3 3.5 mm.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2007, 52, 3; 125-131
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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