Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "P.B." wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola


Tytuł:
Effect of microwave power on EPR spectra of thermally sterilized eucerinum anhydricum
Autorzy:
Ramos, P.
Pepliński, P.
Pilawa, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148715.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
EPR
microwave saturation
free radicals
eucerinum anhydricum
thermal sterilization
Opis:
Free radicals formed during thermal sterilization of eucerinum anhydricum – the pharmaceutical base were examined by an X-band (9.3 GHz) spectrometer. Eucerinum anhydricum was sterilized at different physical conditions according to the Polish Pharmacopeia norms. The samples were heated at temperatures: 160°C (120 min), 170°C (60 min), and 180°C (30 min). The aim of this study is to compare free radical concentration and effect of microwave power on EPR spectra of eucerinum anhydricum base thermally sterilized at different temperatures and periods of time. The effect of time storage on the free radicals in the heated samples was tested. Free radical concentrations in the sample stored 15 min strongly decreased with the increasing of sterilization temperature, probably as the result of recombination. Storage caused strong decrease of free radical concentrations in the samples, probably as the result of interactions with oxygen. It was observed to be independent of sterilization conditions from 2 days of storage and longer. Because of the lowest free radical concentration, for eucerinum anhydricum thermal sterilization at 180°C for 30 min is recommended. The sterilized samples should be stored at inert atmosphere without oxygen molecules. Fast spin-lattice relaxation processes existed in sterilized eucerinum anhydricum. The character of changes of amplitudes and linewidths of EPR lines with increasing of microwave power was the same for different storage times. The parameters of thermal sterilization and storage time influenced free radical concentration in eucerinum anhydricum, but magnetic spin-lattice interactions were unchanged. The usefulness of EPR spectroscopy in optimization of thermal sterilization process of eucerinum anhydricum was confirmed.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, No. 3, part 1; 439-442
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A gauge for measuring the dose rate and activity of ophthalmic applicators
Autorzy:
Machaj, B.
Awistowski, E.
Do, H.
Bilski, P.
Olko, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147042.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
dose rate
measurements
106Ru ophthalmic applicators
Opis:
A gauge was developed for determining the dose rate distribution and surface activity of ophthalmic brachytherapy applicators, particularly for 106Ru applicators. A plastic fi 2×2 mm scintillator is used as the radiation detector, featuring a high pulse count rate, which results in a low 0.5% random error, due to good counting statistics. Automatic gain control of the photomultiplier tube (PMT) is achieved using a LED as the reference light source. The PMT operates in pulse mode. Long term gain variation due to fatigue of the PMT or ambient temperature variation is thus compensated for. The count rate error due to inaccurate setting of the high voltage supply of the PMT is 0.4%, and the instability error over 7 hours of continuous operation does not exceed 1-2%, peak-to-peak.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2002, 47, 3; 107-111
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of Co and V substitution on structural properties of FINEMET-type alloys
Autorzy:
Szumiata, T.
Gawroński, M.
Brzózka, K.
Górka, B.
Sovák, P.
Pavlík, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148217.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
magnetic texture
CEMS
polarized radiation
Opis:
The effect of addition of Co and V on the hyperfine parameters of amorphous as well as nanocrystalline Finemet-type alloys has been studied by means of transmission Mössbauer spectrometry. It was stated that these elements infiltrate into crystalline grains in the course of crystallization, what causes alteration in structure. Different evolution of magnetic hyperfine field is reported in both cases and analyzed. In the series of alloys substituted by vanadium, the substantial paramagnetic component attributed to iron-poor regions in the amorphous remainder was found.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2007, 52, supl. 1; 21-28
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of LiF : Mg,Cu,P (MCP-N) thermoluminescent detectors (TLD) for experimental verification of radial dose distribution models
Autorzy:
Gieszczyk, W.
Olko, P.
Bilski, P.
Grzanka, L.
Obryk, B.
Horwacik, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146734.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
heavy charged particles
LiF:Mg,Cu,P (MCP-N)
radial dose distribution
thermoluminescence
unfolding
Opis:
In track structure theory, the radial distribution of dose, D(r), around an ion track plays a fundamental role in predicting the response of biological systems and physical detectors after a dose (or fluence) of ions. According to the formulations of D(r), the local dose at radial distances below 1 nm can reach values as high as 106 Gy. We propose a new method of verifying experimentally the radial dose distribution around alfa-particle tracks, using LiF:Mg,Cu,P (MCP-N) thermoluminescent detectors (TLD) which are able to measure gamma-ray doses in the kGy range via evaluation of their high-temperature TL glow peak structure over the temperature range of 350–550 centigrade. MCP-N detectors were irradiated with Am-241 alfa-particles at fluences ranging from 107 to 1011 particles/cm2, and by Co-60 gamma-ray doses ranging from several Gy up to the MGy. A number N of individual high-temperature TL peaks were analysed in the obtained glow curves by deconvolution, using the GlowFit code. For each of these peaks, an equation relating the intensity, A, of the TL signal obtained after alfa-particle irradiation and after gamma-ray doses, via the dose-frequency function, f alfa(D), was written in the form: A i alfa = integral A i gamma(D)x f alfa (D)dD, i 1,.., N. Using this set of N equations, where A alfa i and A gamma i(D) were known (measured), the single unknown function f alfa(D) was unfolded and converted to D(r). Parametric unfolding and the SAND-II iterative code were applied. While we were able to confirm the 1/r2 dependence of D(r) in agreement with D(r) expressions, we were unable to conclusively evaluate the dependence of D(r) at intermediate ranges of radial distance r. This preliminary result of our unique experimental approach to determine the radial dose distribution around the path of heavy charged particles in LiF detectors, requires further development.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 4; 507-512
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Status report of the VINCY Cyclotron
Autorzy:
Nešković, N.
Ristić-Ðurović, J.
Vorojtsov, S. B.
Belicev, P.
Ivanenko, I. A.
Ćirković, S.
Vorozhtsov, A. S.
Bojović, B.
Dobrosavljević, A.
Vujović, V.
Comor, J. j.
Pajović, S. B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146191.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
accelerators
cyclotrons
ion sources
radioisotopes
radiation research
Opis:
The VINCY Cyclotron is the main part of the TESLA Accelerator Installation. The diameter of the pole of this machine is 2000 mm. Its bending constant is 145 MeV while its focusing constant is 75 MeV. The radiofrequency system of the machine consists of two l/4-resonators with the eigenfrequency in the range from 17 to 31 MHz. Ions coming from a heavy ion source or a light ion source will be injected into the machine axially. They will be introduced into its median plane by a spiral inflector. Heavy ions accelerated in the machine will be extracted from it by a foil stripping system or by an electrostatic deflection system. Light ions will be extracted from it by the foil stripping system. The first programs of use of the VINCY Cyclotron are related to routine and experimental production of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals, and to biomedical research with ion beams. The first beam extracted from the machine will be the proton beam of the energy of 22 MeV obtained from the H2+ beam extracted from the light ion source. This beam will be used first for production of radioisotope 18F and radio-pharmaceutical 18FDG, to be employed for positron emission tomography
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2003, 48,suppl.2; 135-139
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Principal component data processing in radon metrology
Autorzy:
Machaj, B.
Urbański, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147140.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
principal component regression (PCR)
radon daughters measurement
radon measurement
Opis:
A gauge for the measurement of radon and radon daughters concentration was tested in a radon chamber. Count rate distribution in time at the output of radiation detectors was measured and registered. The count rate distribution in time was then processed employing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the count rate was investigated. It was found that PCA processing removes great part of count rate random fluctuations originating from radiation statistics, which is resulting in a decrease of the count rate random error and in random error of concentration. The RMSE of radon daughters concentration is about 3 times lower when "raw" results are PCA processed. Such decrease of error, without PCA signal processing, would require 9 times higher air flow through the air filter on which the radon daughters are deposited. In case of the measurements of the radon concentration the drop of the error is 2-3 times higher in case of long counting time.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2002, 47, 1; 39-42
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EPR examination of free radicals thermally formed in vaselinum flavum
Autorzy:
Ramos, P.
Pilawa, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148032.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
vaselinum flavum
thermal sterilization
free radicals
EPR spectroscopy
Opis:
The popular pharmaceutical base used in pharmacy – vaselinum flavum – was studied by an X-band (9.3 GHz) EPR spectrometer in the range of microwave power of 2.2–70 mW. The samples were sterilized in hot air oven at temperatures: 160°C (120 min), 170°C (60 min), and 180°C (30 min). The aim of this work was to determine properties and free radical concentrations in vaselinum flavum thermally sterilized at different conditions. The changes in free radical system in vaselinum flavum during storage were analyzed. Free radicals were found in all the heated samples. The lowest free radical concentration was obtained for vaselinum flavum heated at 180°C for 30 min; so these parameters are proposed for the thermal sterilization of this pharmaceutical base. Interactions with oxygen decreased free radical concentration in vaselinum flavum during storage. Strong quenching of free radicals in vaselinum flavum was observed after 2 days for the samples sterilized at temperatures 160 and 180°C. Such an effect for vaselinum flavum heated at temperature 170°C was observed later, 13 days after sterilization. Fast spin-lattice relaxation processes exist in thermally sterilized vaselinum flavum. The EPR lines of heated vaselinum flavum were homogeneously broadened. EPR spectroscopy and its use for examining the thermal sterilization process in pharmacy was confirmed.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, No. 3, part 1; 443-447
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transverse momentum distributions and string percolation study in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at square rootsNN = 200 GeV
Autorzy:
Srivastava, B.
Scharenberg, R.
Tarnowsky, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148443.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
STAR
RHIC
percolation
string fusion
Opis:
Multiparticle production at high energies is described in terms of color strings stretched between the projectile and target. As string density increases, overlap among the strings leads to cluster formation. At some critical density, a macroscopic cluster appears, spanning the entire system. This marks the percolation phase transition. Data from p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV has been analyzed using the STAR detector to obtain the percolation density parameter, eta. For 200 GeV Au+Au collisions, the value of h is found to lie above the critical percolation threshold, while for 200 GeV d+Au collisions it is below the critical value. This supports the idea of string percolation, which at high enough string density is a possible mechanism to explore the hadronic phase transition to a quark-gluon plasma.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2006, 51,suppl.3; 109-112
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of hard processes on momentum correlations
Autorzy:
Paić, G.
Skowroński, P.
Tomašik, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147440.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
hard processes
jets
momentum correlations
HBT
LHC
ALICE
Opis:
The effect of hard processes to be encountered in HBT studies at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have been studied. A simple simulation has allowed us to generate momentum correlations involving jet particles as well as particles originating from the kinetic freeze-out and to compare them to a simple theoretical model which has been developed. The first results on the effect of hard processes on the correlation function for the case of jet quenching are presented.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2004, 49,suppl.2; 89-94
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Search for canted spin arrangement in Er2-xTbxFe14B with Mössbauer spectroscopy
Autorzy:
Kurzydło, P. M.
Bogacz, B. F.
Pędziwiatr, A. T.
Oleszak, D.
Przewoźnik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147036.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
Mössbauer effect
permanent magnet materials
spin diagrams
spin reorientation
Opis:
The materials studied were polycrystalline compounds Er2-xTbxFe14B (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) which crystallize in a tetragonal lattice and display a variety of spin arrangements. The compounds have been measured with 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy over the temperature range 80–320 K in order to investigate the spin reorientation processes. Each compound was studied in a wide temperature range, with precise Mössbauer scanning in the vicinity of the transition. The set of spectra obtained for a given compound was analyzed using simultaneous fi tting procedure to investigate the infl uence of the transition on the shape of the spectra. The fi tting program was specifi ed to analyze the transition according to the ‘two state model’: spins fl ip abruptly from initial angle to fi nal arrangement (90° angle). Obtained results suggest that spin reorientation process cannot be described using only the mentioned above model. Additional computer simulations based on the Yamada–Kato model were conducted to determine temperature range and the type of spin alignments in the vicinity of the transition. These theoretical results supported by spectra analysis suggest the existence of intermediate (canted) spin arrangements in the studied compounds. The spin arrangement diagram was constructed.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, 1; 93-96
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Characterization of phase constitution and magnetic properties of the hard magnetic nanocrystalline Nd9.5Fe63.65B21.85Nb5 alloy ribbons
Autorzy:
Szwaja, M.
Pawlik, K.
Wysłocki, J. J.
Pawlik, P.
Gębara, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147840.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
magnetic properties NdFeB alloys
nanocrystalline ribbon
Nd2Fe14B
X-ray diffractometry
Opis:
In order to investigate the phase constitution of the nanocrystalline Nd9.5Fe63.65B21.85Nb5 alloy ribbons in the as-cast state and after short-time annealing Mossbauer study has been carried out. In as-cast state, ribbon samples were not fully amorphous but revealed soft magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the presence of hard magnetic Nd2Fe14B, metastable Nd2Fe23B3 and paramagnetic Nd1+epsilonFe4B4 phases in annealed samples. Mossbauer spectroscopy was used to determine the fractions of constituent phases formed during annealing of ribbons. Magnetic measurements were made with a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and have shown that with increasing annealing temperature the remanence polarization Jr and maximum energy product (BH)max values were increasing.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2013, 58, 1; 159-163
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spin reorientation process in Tm2–xHoxFe14B : analysis of conical arrangement based on Mössbauer spectra
Autorzy:
Kurzydło, P. M.
Pędziwiatr, A. T.
Bogacz, B. F.
Przewoźnik, J.
Oleszak, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148120.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
permanent magnetic materials
Mössbauer effect
spin reorientation
spin diagrams
Opis:
The spin reorientation process in the Tm2–xHoxFe14B series of compounds was studied using 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy over the temperature range 5.2–320 K with a focus on the analysis of conical spin arrangement. Each compound was studied by precise Mössbauer scanning in the vicinity of the transition and during the transition. By applying computer simulations based on the simplified Yamada-Kato model, as well as on some literature data for R2Fe14B (R = Tm, Ho) compounds, the above series was selected for studies as it contains compounds with different spin arrangements (axial, planar, conical). It was a crucial requirement for obtaining unambiguous angular dependences when applying a simultaneous fitting procedure of Mössbauer spectra. Such an extended procedure was applied which allowed the temperature dependence of the angle describing the position of the magnetization vector to be obtained. The results were compared with those from theoretical simulations. The spin arrangement diagram was constructed. A conical spin arrangement was confirmed over a wide temperature range.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2017, 62, 2; 123-127
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of aerosol concentration and multivariate processing on the indication of radon progeny concentration in air
Autorzy:
Machaj, B.
Urbański, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147261.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radon progeny
measurement
data processing
Opis:
Measurements of radon progeny concentration in air by a radon progeny monitor are sensitive to the concentration of particles suspended in air. Minimum detectable concentration and accuracy of the measurement are determined by random errors of the monitor. Multivariate data processing can be used to decrease these random errors. Influence of aerosol concentration on the measured results of radon progeny concentration in air, by an RGR-30 mining radiometer, operating on the principle of alpha radiation detection from radon progeny deposited on an air filter, were determined in a radon chamber experiment. The air suspended particle concentration and the radon concentration in the radon chamber were controlled and the corresponding radon progeny concentration was measured by the radon progeny monitor. Additionally, count rate from the monitor detector, originating from the alpha activity deposited on the air filter, was measured at intervals of one minute and was then used for the three-interval, and Principal Component Regression (PCR) data processing. It was found that for the aerosol concentration in air from 40 p/cm3 to approximately 9,000 p/cm3 indications of the radon progeny monitor depends considerably on the aerosol concentration. Radon daughter concentration normalized to the radon concentration against aerosol concentration varied from 0.3 to 0.9. In mines, where the aerosol concentration generally is high, this phenomenon has little effect on the indication of the radon progeny monitor. At low aerosols concentration, appropriate correction of radon progeny concentration has to be taken. Comparison of random errors when measured signal of the monitor (count rate against time) was processed employing the three-interval method and PCR data processing shows that PCR ensures a lower random error.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2004, 49, 3; 123-129
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EPR studies of free radicals in thermally sterilized famotidine
Autorzy:
Ramos, P.
Pilawa, B.
Stroka, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148414.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
free radicals
thermal sterilization
famotidine
electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy
Opis:
Free radicals formation in thermally sterilized famotidine was studied by the use of an X-band (9.3 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The influence of temperature and time of sterilization on free radicals generated in famotidine was determined. The best sterilization conditions for the tested drug were found. Sterilization was done according to the pharmaceutical norms at temperatures 160°C (120 min), 170°C (60 min), and 180°C (30 min). It was pointed out that the optimal temperature of thermal sterilization for famotidine was 170°C and time of heating 60 min in this conditions the lowest free radicals concentration was found. The highest free radicals concentration was measured in famotidine heated at 160°C during 120 min, the long time of sterilization is responsible for this effect. Free radicals concentration changes during storage of famotidine after thermal sterilization. Its value increased with storage time for the drug sterilized at both temperatures of 170°C and 180°C. Free radicals concentration decreases from 7 days after sterilization. Complex system of free radicals with the shape of EPR lines, dependent on microwave power exist in thermally sterilized famotidine. Slow spin-lattice relaxation processes, strong dipolar interactions characterize thermally sterilized famotidine. Microwave saturation indicates that EPR lines of famotidine are homogeneously broadened. The usefulness of EPR spectroscopy to examine of the sterilized drugs was evaluated.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2013, 58, 3; 413-418
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Searches for discrete symmetries violation in ortho-positronium decay using the J-PET detector
Autorzy:
Kamińska, D.
Gajos, A.
Czerwiński, E.
Bednarski, T.
Białas, P.
Gorgol, M.
Jasińska, B.
Kapłon, Ł.
Korcyl, G.
Kowalski, P.
Kozik, T.
Krzemień, W.
Kubicz, E.
Niedźwiecki, S.
Pałka, M.
Raczyński, L.
Rudy, Z.
Rundel, O.
Sharma, N. G.
Silarski, M.
Słomski, A.
Strzelecki, A.
Wieczorek, A.
Wiślicki, W.
Zieliński, M.
Zgardzińska, B.
Moskal, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147408.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
discrete symmetries
J-PET
ortho-positronium
Opis:
In this paper, we present prospects for using the Jagiellonian positron emission tomograph (J-PET) detector to search for discrete symmetries violations in a purely leptonic system of the positronium atom. We discuss tests of CP and CPT symmetries by means of ortho-positronium decays into three photons. No zero expectation values for chosen correlations between ortho-positronium spin and momentum vectors of photons would imply the existence of physics phenomena beyond the standard model. Previous measurements resulted in violation amplitude parameters for CP and CPT symmetries consistent with zero, with an uncertainty of about 10−3. The J-PET detector allows to determine those values with better precision, thanks to the unique time and angular resolution combined with a high geometrical acceptance. Achieving the aforementioned is possible because of the application of polymer scintillators instead of crystals as detectors of annihilation quanta.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2015, 60, No. 4, part 1; 729-732
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies