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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Regulatory RNAs in the brain
    Autorzy:
    Gabryelska, Marta
    Szymański, Maciej
    Barciszewska, Mirosława Z.
    Barciszewski, Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/704277.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    brain
    non-coding RNAs
    gene expression
    diseases
    Opis:
    Nervous system is characterized by its uniqueness in cells origin, their variability, electrical properties of the nervous cell membrane, response to external signals, neuronal network and changes in synapses activity that are the basis of higher brain functions, such as learning and memory. Brain is a superior organ of human body with an extremely efficient regulation system. Apart from protein and small-molecule regulators, ribonucleic acids (RNAs), especially noncoding proteins (ncRNAs), play a crucial controlling role in the brain. They are present in every cell, from bacteria to primates and have regulatory, catalytic as well as structural function. Many specific ncRNAs have been identified in human brain, responsible for development and functioning. Disturbances in ncRNA synthesis and mechanism of action are connected to diseases such as autism, schizophrenia, Alzheimer disease, Prader-Willi syndrome and others.
    Źródło:
    Nauka; 2008, 2
    1231-8515
    Pojawia się w:
    Nauka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    New face of the “RNA world”
    Autorzy:
    Tyczewska, Agata
    Figlerowicz, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/703400.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    non-coding RNA
    small regulatory RNA
    gene expression
    RNA world
    Opis:
    For a very long time, RNA was considered just the medium by which information flows from DNA into the cell. The model proposed in the 1960s assumed that proteins are the main products and regulators of the gene expression process. In this context, the results of the Human Genome Project and the discoveries of RNA interference and small regulatory RNAs (srRNAs) came as a true surprise. The first ones demonstrated that less than 5% of the human genome encodes proteins. The second showed that RNA, especially 20-30 nt-long molecules should be placed among the most important factors controlling gene expression. srRNAs are capable of affecting the release and flow of genetic information in many different ways. They can induce changes in the genome structure, inhibit transcription, mediate mRNA degradation and repress translation. Interestingly, in different organisms, different pathways are used to regulate gene expression. It has recently been estimated that, in humans, the expression of 35-40% of genes is controlled by srRNA. As a result, RNA is currently believed to be a central molecule in many biological processes.
    Źródło:
    Nauka; 2009, 2
    1231-8515
    Pojawia się w:
    Nauka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A structural gene – evolving term and dilemmas
    Autorzy:
    Chorąży, Mieczysław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/704374.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    DNA
    structural gene
    RNA transcripts
    non-protein coding RNA
    “secondary” information
    Opis:
    The term “gene” was originally used as a purely theoretical concept. After discovery of DNA structure, and understanding the genetic code, the gene acquired a form of a distinct physical entity with its borders and specific signal sequences, having rather simple (as it was thought at that time) functions and relation to phenotype outcome. The term “structural gene” has been coined. The unique gene structure, and several unusual and omnipotent traits have been ascribed to the gene that resulted in the formulation of a “genocentric” theory as a basic expla nation of all features of living organisms. However, recent discoveries reveal a complex structure and functions of eukaryotic genes. It appears now that the coding sequences (exons) are spread out over extended regions (hundreds of thousands of kilobases) of DNA. The role of protein-non coding DNA sequences were recognized, and the new mechanisms controlling gene functions have been discovered. In addition, we acquired the knowledge about a powerful ability of the cell to interpret the information potential of genes, accordingly to the needs of a cell/organ or actual “context” and status of the dynamic systems operating within the cell. All these discoveries undermine the genocentric view of life. At this time any definition of “gene” seems to be inadequate with present knowledge, and one may ask again: what is a gene?
    Źródło:
    Nauka; 2009, 3
    1231-8515
    Pojawia się w:
    Nauka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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