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Tytuł:
Szpitalnictwo cywilne w województwie białostockim w II Rzeczypospolitej
Autorzy:
Grassmann, Magdalena
Zemke-Górecka, Agnieszka
Kędra, Bogusław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621240.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
hospitals, Bialystok Voievodship, Second Republic
Opis:
After Poland regained its independence in 1918, Polish people started rebuilding civil hospital network. Bad health conditions of the society and spreading epidemics forced people to undertake the immediate actions. In Bialystok province in the twenties of the twentieth century there were 47 hospitals and among them 18 were epidemic. In following years there appeared the tendency of reducing the amount of hospital institutions. This situation was influenced by the Great Depression in the thirties of the twentieth century. Very often smaller hospitals were merged into one large institution which had several departments with specialized medical staff. The causes of such actions were medical reasons. In the interwar years, in the area of Bialystok province there were also two specialized institutions established. They used innovative ways of treating. It was the Hospital for Mentally and Nervously Ill in Choroszcz and the Public Institute for Nervously Exhausted in Świack.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2009, 8; 127-142
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Concepts of Jan Kopczyński, President of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal, Regarding the Formation of the Council of State in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Kopczyński, Karol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27308738.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Council of State
legislation
Second Polish Republic
Opis:
The paper focuses on a proposal to reform the lawmaking process in the Second Polish Republic through the establishment of a Council of State. The idea of creating a Council of State to improve the quality of legislation was widespread among the Polish legal elite of that time; many representatives of the legal profession presented their ideas in various periodicals. Particularly prominent among the supporters of this concept was the president of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal, Jan Kopczyński, who submitted for discussion by his fellow lawyers several proposals he had prepared for the establishment the Tribunal. The paper describes the debate over Kopczyński’s proposals by juxtaposing them with the concepts of other representatives of the legal doctrine of the Second Polish Republic and the solutions that were applied by the government in that period. The ideas for the creation of the Council of State focused on two foreign models. The first was the French Conseil d’État, which combined legislative and administrative-court powers. The second model was the Romanian Legislative Council, whose tasks were strictly limited to legislation, without the administrative-court functions. Jan Kopczyński’s concepts were closer to the Romanian model. Kopczyński submitted three proposals to establish a Council of State, but none of his proposals was implemented. A substitute for the Council of State was to be the Legal Council to the Minister of Justice, established in 1926 by a regulation of the President of the Republic, but it quickly ended its activities encountering both reluctance of the parliament and a frigid reception by the ruling elite. The fact that the Council of State was never established, although it enjoyed widespread approval in the legal community, proves that politics always has the upper hand in a clash with legal idealism.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2023, 22, 1; 171-199
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spółdzielnia zdrowia jako koncepcja rozwoju opieki zdrowotnej na wsi w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej
Autorzy:
Prętki, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621526.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
The health cooperative society, Poland’s Second Republic
Opis:
The paper characterizes and analyzes the health cooperative society as a concept to develop medical care in the rural areas of the Second Republic of Poland. There were two models of medical care in the rural areas at that time: the health cooperative societies and the health centers. The health centers were supported by the state, contrary to the health cooperative societies. These cooperative societies were an interesting attempt to improve medical care in the country. They were established by the citizens on their own initiative.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2011, 10; 173-181
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Military and Civilian Requisitions in Light of the Rulings of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal from 1923 to 1931
Autorzy:
Konarski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27308737.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Second Polish Republic
administrative justice
military requisitions
civilian requisitions
Opis:
The institution of military and civilian requisitions is inextricably linked with the obligation to comply with public burdens and contributions, and it may be applied both in wartime and in peacetime. In-kind contributions in the form of requisitions by competent State authorities of items necessary to serve an unspecified public purpose, usually to meet the needs of the army, have from time immemorial been among the most onerous burdens to benefit the State. Requisitions – the subject of this analysis – constitute a means of searching for items that are of interest to the army and are a direct form of duty imposed on individuals to make them contribute to the public administration, thus constituting a breach of the principle of the inviolability of private property rights. The main focus of this discussion, however, is not an analysis of the substantive legal aspects concerning requisitions, but an analysis of the body of administrative rulings on these matters. Military requisitions constituted the basis of the system of wartime contributions that gave the State, through authorized bodies, the right to demand these contributions from the population, in particular the right to transfer to the State, in return for payment, ownership or the right to use movable and immovable property, directly or indirectly needed for the purposes of supplying the army and the state upon the outbreak of war or the ordering of a partial or general mobilisation. Some cases that found their way to the Supreme Administrative Tribunal in the first years of its existence resulted from complaints against the activities of military requisitioning bodies, mainly during the Polish-Bolshevik War. Civilian requisitions, on the other hand, became the subject of the rulings of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal as a result of complaints over the obligation to provide housing for servicemen and civilian officials in the first years of a reborn Poland, the direct cause of which should be attributed to the dramatic shortage of housing during the first years after the end of the First World War.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2023, 22, 1; 201-222
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nationalitätenfragen in der polnischen Anwaltschaft der Zwischenkriegszeit
Autorzy:
Materniak-Pawłowska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621386.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
the Bar association, the Second Polish Republic, national minorities, ethnic conflicts
Opis:
The rebirth of the Polish state after a long period of partition constituted a great op-portunity as well as a new challenge for professionals in the Bar association. The Barassociation attained self-governing status. This, on the one hand, enabled the group tocreate an environment and to strengthen the social significance of this group in Poland.On the other hand, it created dangers caused by the different traditions which werecultivated in different parts of the formerly partitioned Poland. Another factor contri-buting to the problem was the multinational composition of the Bar. The Bar duringthe interwar years was highly divided ethnically. The Jewish and Ukrainian minoritieshad an especially strong representation. The Bar organizations protected their nationalautonomy. The conflict between the numerous associations, which were formally openfor minorities and practically organized according to national interests, was severe. Thisconflict was especially visible in Lesser Poland. The pressure of professional competiti-on cast a shadow over the Bar’s ethos. Antagonisms based on nationality were presentin the researched period with a varying degree of intensity and appeared in differentforms. The situation was finally alleviated by the act from 1938. The looming threat ofthe impending war also contributed to their appeasement.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2015, 14, 2; 97-111
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sądownictwo powszechne na terenie województwa białostockiego w II RP
The Judiciary System in Białystok Voievodship in the Polish Second Republic
Autorzy:
Fiedorczyk, Piotr
Kowalski, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621652.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Bialystok voivodship, Poland’s Second Republic, Common courts of law, judiciary system
Opis:
The Białystok Voievodship was established in 1919. It consisted of the territories, which were earlier under Russian Empire rule, but belonged to two different administrative structures. Until 1928, the judiciary system has been regulated by laws coming from the time of the partitions or by temporary Polish regulation. In 1928 the judiciary system in Poland was unified. The most important problem in the judiciary system was the very frequent changes of the seats of the courts. Financial shortages were forcing the State to liquidate small courts. The result was very poor – people had troubles with access to the courts. Small courts were liquidated by the order of the Minister of Justice, not by the act of parliament. It was strongly criticized in the doctrine at that time.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2012, 11; 275-299
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Формирование и развитие органов местного управления и самоуправления в Беларуси
Autorzy:
Колесников, Валерий В.
Крастина, Анжелика Ч.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621587.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Grand Duchy of Lithuania, law of magdeburg, self-government, Polish Second Republic
Opis:
As is the case in the majority of modern states, the formation of local management and self- management in Belarus is an inevitable process. During the economic and political reforms required for this purpose, there are necessary preconditions. Historically, local government has passed through a long and difficult process of development in Belarus. In working out modern concepts of local government, it is necessary to consider the evolution of the machinery of government and the historical development of most legal regulations of mutual relations between the state as a whole and its parts. Actually, the first forms of self- -management in its modern understanding began to arise in the territory of modern Byelorussia since the XIVth century. In the present legal and historical scientific literature, there was no uniform representation about the stages of formation of local governments in the territory of Belarus. It is represented that these or any other processes are always conditional; nevertheless, in this work, one of the variants of classification and a periodization of the process of formation and the development of local management and self-management in the territory of Belarus is offered.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2012, 11; 115-128
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wspomnienie o Witoldzie Święcickim. Czasy do 1944 roku
The memories of Witold Święcicki, up to 1944
Autorzy:
Utkin, Joanna Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621486.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Druga Rzeczpospolita, kariera sędziego, okręg białostocki
Second Polish Republic, Judge’s career, Bialystok district
Opis:
This collection of memories depicts the background of the pre-war legal career of the well-known Polish civil law judge, Witold Święcicki. His experiences range from his family background and childhood; his exile to Russia in 1905; his studies; the beginnings of his professional career; marriage; and repatriation in 1918. Successive posts held by Witold Święcicki during the Second Polish Republic, as well as positions on editorial boards of legal periodicals with which he co-worked, are listed. However, more important is the description of the functioning of the judge’s house, in particular his limited social contacts, which were reduced to the group of former, current or future related lawyers. German occupation stories are sourced from his daughter’s coverage of events. A combination of historical events, which twice brought Witold Święcicki to the Bialy- stok district, are detailed. The memoir ends in 1944. The career circumstances for Witold Święcicki, were typical of the Second Polish Republic.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2017, 16, 2; 209-225
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Udział kobiet w życiu publicznym II Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Women’s Participation in the Public Life of the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Łysko, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621729.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
II Rzeczypospolita, kobiety, życie publiczne, prawa publiczne
Second Polish Republic, women, public life, public rights
Opis:
The Second Polish Republic, which came into being in November 1918, adopted the legislation of the partitioning states which deprived women of the right to participate in public life. Alongside with regaining independence, women obtained full election rights and had their representatives in all parliaments of inter-war Poland. The principle of gender equality was raised to the constitutional level by the Basic Law (Constitution) passed in 1921. In the following years of the inter-war period, women obtained the possibility to be employed as civil servants, barristers, judges and prosecutors. In spite of the formal equality, public authorities avoided appointing women to more important posts and tolerated practices which were in breach of the Constitution and aimed at limiting the participation of women in public life. The lack of an organ appoin- ted to inspect the compatibility of bills with the constitution and weakness of women’s communities was obviously conducive to this process. The full realisation of the gen- der equality principle, both in the field of legislation and the practice of everyday life, would take place after the Second World War.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2015, 14, 1; 381-400
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Działalność parlamentarna Michała Łazarskiego (1928-1939)
The Parliamentary Activity of Michał Łazarski (1928-1939)
Autorzy:
Ułanowicz, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1954640.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-22
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Michał Łazarski
parliament
agriculture
military
Second Polish Republic
sitting
parlament
rolnictwo
wojsko
II Rzeczpospolita
posiedzenia
Opis:
Michał Łazarski (1896-1944) urodził się w Sztabinie w guberni suwalskiej. Jego rodzicami byli Teofila i Józef.  Michał Łazarski (1896-1944) był posłem na sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w latach 1928-1938, a następnie senatorem od 1938 r. do 1939 r. Był również znanym w województwie białostockim działaczem samorządowym. Interesowało go głównie rolnictwo oraz wojskowość. Zanim rozpoczął karierę w parlamencie, walczył w obronie Ojczyzny, będąc członkiem Polskiej Organizacji Wojskowej oraz walcząc w wojnie polsko-bolszewickiej. Zginął w trakcie powstania warszawskiego 1 sierpnia 1944 r. Podstawowym założeniem publikacji jest przedstawienie działalności parlamentarnej Michała Łazarskiego. Życiorysem parlamentarzysty zajmowali się m.in.: H. Majecki, J. Rółkowski, G. Ryżewski, W. Batura, A. Makowski oraz J. Szlaszyński. Najwięcej informacji na temat wojennych losów Michała Łazarskiego zebrano w dziele „Aktywni w codzienności: z dziejów instytucji i stowarzyszeń gminy Sztabin”. Podstawowym źródłem, zawierającym informację o działalności Michała Łazarskiego w parlamencie okresu dwudziestolecia międzywojennego, są druki sejmowe i senackie, znajdujące się na stronie internetowej Biblioteki Sejmowej (https://biblioteka.sejm.gov.pl). Korzystałem również z materiałów prasowych oraz publikacji, charakteryzujących dzieje parlamentaryzmu polskiego. Celem artykułu jest również przedstawienie, jak funkcjonował Sejm i Senatw II Rzeczypospolitej. Działalność parlamentarna Michała Łazarskiego w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym jest dobrym sposobem do realizacji tego zamierzenia. Był to bardzo ciekawy okres w historii Polski.
Michał Łazarski (1896–1944) was born in Sztabin in Suwałki Governorate. His parents were Teofila and Józef. He was a deputy of Sejm of the Republic of Poland in the years 1928-1938 and subsequently a senator from 1938 until 1939. He was also a well-known local government activist in the Białystok Voivodeship. He was interested in agriculture and the military. Before he started his career in the Parliament, he had fought for his Motherland as a member of The Polish Military Organisation as well as during the Polish-Soviet War.  Michał Łazarski died at the time of the Warsaw Uprising on 1st of August 1944. The main point of this publication is to present his parliamentary activity. The biography of Łazarski was a subject of research by H. Majecki, J. Rółkowski, G. Ryżewski, W. Batura, A. Makowski, J. Szlaszyński and others. The majority of information about the deputy was gathered in a publication called “Aktywni w codzienności: z dziejów instytucji i stowarzyszeń gminy Sztabin”. The main resources of Łazarski’s parliamentary activity of the interwar period are Sejm and Senate documents located in the Sejm Library’s website (https://biblioteka.sejm.gov.pl). I have also used press materials and publications describing the history of Polish parliamentarism. The point of this publication is also to present how the Sejm and Senate in II Republic of Poland operated. The parliamentary activity of Michał Łazarski in the interwar period is a good way to realise this intention. It was a very interesting period in the history of Poland.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2021, 20, 1; 187-218
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wacław Komarnicki o Konstytucji marcowej
Wacław Komarnicki about the March Constitution
Autorzy:
Mohyluk, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621392.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
II Rzeczpospolita, prawo konstytucyjne, reformy prawa konstytucyj- nego
Second Polish Republic, constitutional law, reforms of Polish constitutional law
Opis:
Wacław Komarnicki (1891–1954) was an outstanding Polish lawyer and academic. He was a constitutionalist and served in government in the II and III terms of the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939). Educated in Lyviv and at Dopat, Komarnicki taught law at the University of Stefan Batory in Vilnius, where he became a professor, and at the School of Political Science in Warsaw. He was also a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences, a political activist and Minister of Justice in the Polish Government in Exile in London, where he later died. His academic research and personal contribution in rela- tion to the March Constitution of 1921 and its amendment in August 1926, is deserving of particular attention.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2015, 14, 2; 143-163
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kariera zawodowa sędziów austriackiego Trybunału Administracyjnego w II Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Austrian Judges Career in the Supreme Administrative Tribunal in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Dziadzio, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621621.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Najwyższy Trybunał Administracyjny, austriaccy sędziowie, sanacja, II Rzeczpospolita
Supreme Administrative Tribunal, Austrian judges, sanacja regime, Second Polish Republic
Opis:
The May Coup d’État of 1926 was a turning point in the activity of the Supreme Admini- strative Tribunal (Najwyższy Trybunał Administracyjny – NTA), in that it undermined the position of judges associated with the former Austrian Administrative Tribunal. Guarding the standards of Rechtsstaat the judges could not tolerate violations of law on the part of the government, e.g. the appointment of a General Election Commis- sioner in 1927. In particular, they couldn’t accept the behind-the-scenes pressure on an independent judiciary. The displacement of Jan Sawicki, president of the NTA, was a warning for all judges and a prelude to mass personnel purges. The reform of the administrative judiciary from 1932, as opposed to former reforms, completely ignored the reorganisation plan proposed by R. Różycki, another president of the NTA not bac- ked by the new government. The task of reforming the NTA was delegated to people who were trusted by the new government (Sanacja).
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2015, 14, 1; 109-122
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niepodległość kosztuje. Początki podatku dochodowego w II Rzeczypospolitej
The cost of independence. The beginnings of income tax in Inter-war Poland
Autorzy:
Górski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621552.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
podatek dochodowy, II Rzeczpospolita, pobór podatków, administracja skarbowa
income tax, Second Republic of Poland, tax collecting, tax authorities
Opis:
For the reborn country in 1918, obtaining adequate revenues was necessary to maintain independence, particularly in relation to the cost of rebuilding the country’s military. The basic issue here was determining the shape of taxation imposed on the citizens. Income tax distinguished itself among other direct taxes as, hitherto, it was unknown in the territories of the former Russian partition, i.e. in the largest part of the country. The controversy it created was not aroused by the fact of introducing the new tax (it was widely supported by political elites) but rather by the solutions adopted regarding the application of tax thresholds and exemptions; serving to clearly illustrate the problems and dilemmas associated with creating an economic and social policy in the new Poland.
Dla odrodzonego państwa uzyskanie odpowiednich przychodów było niezbędne dla utrzymania niepodległości, w szczególności z powodów ogromnych wydatków wojenne. Podstawową kwestią z tym związaną było ustalenie kształtu opodatkowania ludności. Wśród nakładanych podatków bezpośrednich od początku wyróżniał się podatek dochodowy – nieznany na ziemiach dawnego zaboru rosyjskiego, tj. na większości terytorium państwa. Kontrowersje budził nie tyle sam fakt jego wprowadzenia (jego idea miała duże poparcie wśród elit politycznych), ale rozwiązania przyjęte odnośnie do zastosowania progów podatkowych oraz zwolnień, gdyż to one skupiały jak w soczewce problemy i dylematy związane z tworzeniem polityki gospodarczej i społecznej odrodzonej Polski.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2018, 17, 1; 93-108
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ład ekonomiczny po wielkim kryzysie gospodarczym w koncepcji Stanisława Grabskiego
Economic Governance after the Great Economic Crisis in the Concept of Stanisław Grabski
Autorzy:
Kundera, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621670.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
ład ekonomiczny, Staniław Grabski, kryzys ekonomiczny, II Rzecz- pospolita Polska
Economic governance, Stanisław Grabski, economic crisis, Second Polish Republic
Opis:
Stanisław Grabski, Professor of Economics at the Faculty of Law at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lwów, rejected the idea that the great economic crisis (1929–1933) would lead to the collapse of capitalism. He advocated the development of the economy in stages, recognizing changes in societal needs and the emergence of a new technique for a boost to development, granted by the State and governed by the primacy of the economy. He distinguished three groups of socio-economic regimes, using as a crite- rion for the award a way for economic cooperation of the people. In the third group, including capitalism, the units have carried out activities on the basis of equality and freedom, subject to the rules of law. Capitalism in its two phases of development and was heading to the third, which was formed after the great economic crisis. Despite the passage of years it has kept its basic values and principles and still motivates in- dividuals to be active. Therefore, Grabski found the system of capitalism dynamic and flexible, able to survive the economic crisis of 1929, and further develop. He argued that after the crisis there will be a new order, in which the economy will function according to the following models: the democratic-liberal, corporative-fascist, the economy domi- nated by large corporations and with a very limited role for the State of the economy based on trade-offs of monopolies and trade unions and statist model. Grabski did not rule out a communist economy. Among the most liberal democratic models with a si- zeable small business sector, France, whose economy effectively defended itself against crisis. Although the global economy was already dominated by monopolies, Grabski advocated the use of this model in Poland.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2015, 14, 1; 297-310
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Związek Rewizyjny Samorządu Terytorialnego w Polsce międzywojennej
The Territorial Government Auditing Union in Interwar Poland
Autorzy:
Witkowski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621426.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Związek Rewizyjny Samorządu Terytorialnego, Polska międzywo- jenna, związki samorządowe
Territorial Government Auditing Union, Second Polish Republic, self- government unions
Opis:
On 24 Oct. 1934 the President of Poland issued an ordinance concerning the Territorial Government Auditing Union (Związek Rewizyjny Samorządu Terytorialnego – ZRST). It was assumed that reasonable control would make it possible to prevent wasteful and ineffective economic undertakings of local governments. The Union’s operations were supervised by the Minister of Internal Affairs. ZRST was responsible for inspecting financial and economic operations of local governments, as well as municipal plants, enterprises, institutions and companies in terms of their formal compliance and use- fulness (in particular from the viewpoint of cost-effectiveness required from the public economy sector). In connection with its surveillance duties ZRST carried out large-scale activities focusing on providing instruction, advice and guidance related to the financial and economic operation of local governments.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2015, 14, 2; 353-373
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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