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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Legal Protection of Life in the Constitutions of the Republic of Poland of March 17, 1921 and April 2, 1997
    Autorzy:
    Ożóg, Michał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27308706.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    legal protection of life
    Polish Constitution of 1921
    Polish Constitution of 1997
    Opis:
    The issue of legal protection of life from Article 38 of the 1997 Constitution is one of the most important dilemmas of modern Polish law. This issue was already regulated in the March Constitution. The purpose of the article is to present the normative content of the legal protection of life on the basis of both constitutions. The research objective is to determine the importance of the two constitutions in providing legal protection of life in the context of the tasks of the ordinary legislature and the importance of judicial decisions. The text confronts the assumptions of the system legislator with lower–level regulations. Particular attention has been paid to the issue of assessing the compatibility of these solutions with the constitution’s design. Consideration was given to the influence of international organizations on the content and implementation of the protection of life in the Polish legal order. The study includes an analysis of the literature on the subject. The dogmatic and historical-legal method was used. The deliberations take into account the weaknesses and strengths of entrusting the judiciary with the constitutional task of defining the normative content of the protection of life. Contemporary public disputes in this matter should prompt greater efforts in clarifying constitutional solutions. It is worth bearing in mind the experience of the 1921 Constitution.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2022, 21, 2; 153-176
    1732-9132
    2719-9991
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Конституционный аспект эволюции пограничных войск в 1945–1965 гг.
    The Constitutional Aspect of the Evolution of the Border Protection Forces 1945–1965
    Autorzy:
    Zawadzki, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27310186.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    Border Force
    Polish Constitution
    law
    security
    Opis:
    Before I proceed to further detailed and developed arguments, I would like to present the main research problem involving the following question: how did the Border Protection Forces evolve in the years 1945–1965 from the perspective of the legal system and the constitutional law in particular. The constitution referred to above is not the basic law “as such”, in common parlance, but it is the constitution present in the course of the evolution of the legal status of the Frontier Protection Forces. This article is mainly focused on this constitution, although, apart from that, it contains the spectrum of legal and constitutional schemes adopted in different periods of the functioning of the Border Guard Forces in their constitutions. It is therefore immanent to present the process of the functioning of the Border Guard Forces – the origin and evolution of legal norms in the light of the constitution and the whole system of law, as well as the changes taking place in the system of law in the time-space between 1945 and 1965. Taking into account the defined objectives, it turned out to be necessary to present the work from a historical perspective. The chronology of facts is important for the discussed subject matter, as it helps to systematize the deliberations. The structure of the work has been adapted to the above principles of this publication. It begins with a legal-historical part introducing the subject of the tradition of constitutionalism in Poland. It presents the reasons for the creation and the process of subordination of border formations to various institutional solutions, and systematizes the legal and organizational transformation of the Border Protection Forces created in 1945 as a separate type of troops by the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Internal Affairs as part of the People's Army of Poland. The Border Protection Forces repeatedly revised its structural-bureaucratic subordination from the Ministry of National Defence through the Ministry of Public Security to the Ministry of the Interior and vice versa. The general research method became a legal-historical method to reconstruct the past state of affairs, the evolution of the legal status of the Border Protection Forces.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2023, 22, 2; 247-264
    1732-9132
    2719-9991
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Raisons de la creation et de l’evolution des formations frontalieres polonaises dans l’entre-deux-guerres
    Reasons for the Creation and Evolution of Polish Border Formations in the 20th-century Interwar Period
    Autorzy:
    Zawadzki, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2108995.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-06-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    Polish Border Guard
    Polish constitution
    constitutional law
    institutional law
    country border
    Opis:
    In establishing the thematic scope of this work, I assumed that its subject would be the process of the formation of border services in interwar Poland. This means a deliberate and complete disregard for the essentially distinct administrative role played by the border guard. The presentation of the Border Guard from an administrative perspective changes the situation so profoundly that a thorough discussion of its implications would certainly double the volume of the publication. A superficial treatment of the administrative issue would lead to misunderstandings. Furthermore, a superficial omission of the administrative issue was deemed necessary because the formations were mainly military in nature. Before going into details and elaborations, I would like to present my main research objective, which is the following question: what was the evolution of the legal status of Polish border formations in the inter-war period? In view of this objective, it is necessary to present the work from a historical perspective. The chronology of the facts is important for the subject matter, as it serves to systematise the considerations. The structure of the work and the research method were adjusted to the above-mentioned assumptions of the publication, which shows the reasons for the creation and the process of transformation of the border formations in relation to various types of institutional solutions, up to the moment of the creation of the Border Protection Corps and the Border Guard Corps, operating under these names until 1939. The potential conclusions resulting from this chapter concern: the presentation of the institutional construction of the border formations in the years 1918–1939 and the demonstration that in the interwar period they were the main organs of the Second Polish Republic, which guaranteed the inviolability of state territory and the security of the citizens on the subordinate territory.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2021, 20, 2; 201-229
    1732-9132
    2719-9991
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Duty of Loyalty to the State or the ‘Polish Section’ in the 1937 Estonian Constitution
    Autorzy:
    Siimets-Gross, Hesi
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2108811.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-06-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    ‘loyalty to the state’ section
    1935 Polish Constitution
    1937 Estonian Constitution
    authoritarian regime of Konstantin Päts
    Opis:
    There is a common comparison between the constitutions of the authoritarian regimes of Poland (1935) and Estonia (1937). The ideological model of the 1937 Estonian Constitution, especially in the section on loyalty to the state, was the 1935 Polish Constitution; for this reason, this section was also called the ‘Polish Section’. Compared to the first, 1920 Estonian Constitution, the 1937 Constitution was much more restrictive of basic rights, in particular through its general orientation and attitude. It was precisely in this that the so-called “loyalty to the state” section (§ 8) played a special role, affecting the whole chapter by its very nature, because it could, in its wording – and according to the example of Poland – constitute a general border clause on fundamental rights and freedoms. This article analyses specifically the ‘loyalty to the state’ section but first a short overview about historical background will be given. Secondly, the drafting of the section 8 of the Estonian Constitutions in the committees’ will be described and analysed, and thirdly, the discussions in the National Assembly will be summarized.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2021, 20, 2; 113-128
    1732-9132
    2719-9991
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pozycja ustrojowa marszałka Sejmu w projektach konstytucyjnych z lat 1989–1991
    The Position of the Speaker of the Sejm in the Drafts of the Polish Constitution 1989–1991
    Autorzy:
    Kallas, Marian
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621678.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    marszałek Sejmu, Konstytucja, parlamentaryzm polski, Senat
    Polish Constitution, Sejm, Senat, Speaker, Marshal of the Sejm
    Opis:
    The text evaluates the proposed regulations of the position of the ruling and auxiliary organs in Polish parliament (Sejm). The analyzis covers 11 drafts of the Polish constitu- tion from 1989–1991. Among them there were: 2 parliamentary drafts, 4 coming from parties and 5 private ones. The vast majority of drafts concentrated on the position of the Speaker of the Sejm (so called Marshal). Only in two drafts, mainly in the draft prepared by the Senat in 1991, was the position of the Marshal weakened in favour of the Prezydium Sejmu, a collegial body which was supposed to steer the activity of both chambers of the Polish parliament. The further internal law of both chambers was supposed to determine the role and the structure of the internal organs of the parliament.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2015, 14, 1; 219-231
    1732-9132
    2719-9991
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    W poszukiwaniu systemu rządów u progu niepodległości (1918–1921)
    In the search of a system of government at the beginning of independence (1918–1919)
    Autorzy:
    Prokop, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621566.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    II Rzeczpospolita, system rządów, konstytucja, parlament, głowa państwa
    The Second Polish Republic, system of government, constitution, parliament, head of state
    Opis:
    The subject of the article is to identify the factors and conditions that determined the system of government of the II Republic of Poland in the first years after regaining independence at the end of 1918. The study is devoted to three issues: the system of government at the turn of 1918 and 1919, the system of government under the Small Constitution and the system of government in the light of drafts of the Constitution of the II Republic of Poland. According to the author substitutes of the parliamentary system of government were born already in the first weeks of the functioning the Polish state authorities. Under the Small Constitution of 20 February 1919, an attempt was made to introduce the system of parliamentary supremacy. This turned out to be impossible given the high level of authority enjoyed by the country’s head of state – Józef Piłsudski, who also served as its commander in chief. Drafts of the Constitution assumed (mostly) the weak position of the president. In this way, the Constitution of 17 March 1921 adopted the parliamentary-cabinet system of government, which was modeled on the system adopted by the III French Republic.
    Przedmiotem opracowania jest określenie okoliczności, które określiły system rządów II Rzeczypospolitej w pierwszych latach po odzyskaniu niepodległości (pod koniec 1918 r.). Artykuł poświęcony jest trzem kwestiom: systemowi rządów na przełomie 1918 i 1919 r., systemowi rządów w okresie obowiązywania Małej Konstytucji oraz systemowi rządów w projektach konstytucji II Rzeczypospolitej. Autor wskazuje, iż przesłanki parlamentarnego systemu rządów pojawiły się już w pierwszych tygodniach funkcjonowania polskich władz państwowych. Pod rządami Małej Konstytucji z 20 lutego 1919 r. podjęto próbę zainstalowania systemu rządów zgromadzenia. Okazało się to niemożliwe ze względu na wysoki autorytet głowy państwa – Józefa Piłsudskiego, który piastował również funkcję Naczelnego Wodza. Projekty konstytucji zakładały (w większości) słabą pozycję prezydenta. W ten sposób Konstytucja z 17 marca 1921 r. przyjęła parlamentarno-gabinetowy system rządów, wzorowany na III Republice Francuskiej.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2018, 17, 1; 25-42
    1732-9132
    2719-9991
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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