Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "education." wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Bezpieczeństwo jako przedmiot nauczania w polskim systemie edukacji
Autorzy:
Gąsiorowski, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1996559.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
safety
education
security science
department education
Opis:
The paper presents the essence of the education for safety. There were analyzed both theoretical issues and curriculum of the education aimed at matters related to widely understood safety in the system of public education as well as system of education in the Ministry of the Interior and Administration. Analysis of the theoretical aspects as well as of the practice proves that education for safety is successful. The society is educated in the necessary scope and therefore protected from a broad range of threats. Officers of the uniformed services are also educated in the scope sufficient for a professional fulfillment of the statutory duties. Such broad scope of safety knowledge allows the society to feel relatively secure. Such a sense of security is also contributed by the fact that this education continues to evolve and that main determinants of it are history, culture, traditions, geographical location, needs and challenges – so in fact potential threats, which in turn affects the process of education, attitudes, as well as the awareness.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2017, 3(117); 182-197
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tutoring akademicki – korzyści dla studenta, nauczyciela i uczelni wyższej
Autorzy:
Ratajczak, Sabina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2007853.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
tutoring
personalized education
teaching methods
quality of education
didactics
elite education
Opis:
Tutoring as a teaching method is associated with the most prestigious European universities. More and more Polish universities decide to implement tutoring recognizing it as a way to create the image of an institution whose objective is to treat students subjectively and care about the quality of education. It is also a great method of improving talents and developing students’ and teachers’ academic potential. On one hand it is a method representing the elite personalized education; however, on the other hand, by means of providing the appropriate organizational conditions, it would also supplement the current educational process, which is typical for the mass education. The article presents the specific nature of the academic tutoring in terms of benefits that it would bring to the university, teachers and students. On the basis of the qualitative data collected during interviews with 15 participating in the program students from four Polish higher educational institutions, the program specificity and elements that, in students’ opinion, influence the program effectiveness were presented. The elements are as follows: relational nature of tutoring, tutor’s personality and classes in the form of individual meetings. Quoted comments indicate the effectiveness of this method, both in the context of students’ ability to be familiarized with the appropriate knowledge but also in the context of developing students’ communicative competence, ability to learn as well as increasing their motivation for learning. For teachers, tutoring is an opportunity to develop their didactic competence, to get rid of the academic routine, a chance to teach on the basis of constructing a good relationship with a student. For the university, tutoring is an opportunity to improve the quality of education and to implement methods of personalized education, which is associated with elite education and the best foreign universities.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2016, 3(113); 154-171
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Impact of COVID-19 on Adult Education: Insights from Slovenia
Autorzy:
Radovan, Marko
Klemenčič, Sonja
Možina, Tanja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1931967.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
distance education
emergency remote teaching
COVID-19
adult education
pandemic
non-formal education.
Opis:
This paper presents the results of a study that explored the experiences of adult educators during the COVID-19 pandemic. This online survey was conducted in June 2020 and included directors and teachers in adult education from various institutions in Slovenia. Tutors at Slovenian Third-Age Universities and other associations that provided adult education were also included. The aim of our study was to examine how distance education was implemented during the pandemic, using the concept of ‘emergency remote teaching’ (Hodges, 2020). The study sample included 30 directors of adult education institutions and 124 teachers or tutors. The results showed that organisations providing adult education responded during the lockdown by providing adults with the opportunity to continue their education through distance learning. However, this was not the case for all of adult education programmes. Mostly language courses and formal education were offered. The results show that most adult educators quickly adapted to the new working conditions, but that teaching approaches were rather static and asynchronous teaching solutions. An analysis of the problems teachers faced and the support they needed has shown that action is needed to remove the obstacles to the future provision of adult education as much as possible.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2021, 4(134); 212-228
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Significance of Cultural Component in Foreign Language Teaching
Autorzy:
Łazicka, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048345.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
education
foreign languages
culture
literature
art
aesthetic education
Opis:
My paper deals with the significance of introducing the cultural component in foreign language teaching as well as the necessity of developing young people’s sensitivity to culture, especially to art and literature. In the article, the basic definitions and relevant terms connected with culture are discussed, according to the current status of glottodidactic knowledge. The question of how and to what extent should the cultural component be introduced in the school is also raised. Moreover, the aims of teaching cultural elements as well as their role and importance in foreign language learning are presented. In the final part of the text I describe an example of a practical pedagogical application of the cultural component, which can be used during English classes. This crosscultural studies project consists of three lessons, focused on a chosen aspect of British culture, namely the creation of two representatives of the 18thcentury art and literature. The presentation of this project supports the thesis that the combination of teaching language together with cultural elements is possible. It also serves as an example of how to achieve this aim and, simultaneously, how to make lessons both educational and untypical, which means more entertaining for the students. All in all, the aim of the article is to emphasise the need for aesthetic education as well as to raise teachers’ and educators’ awareness of the aforementioned problem.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2014, 6(106); 204-217
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Responsibility as the Result of Life Experience through the Adult Learners’ Eyes
Autorzy:
Duda, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1985547.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
adult education
andragogical research
formal education
life experiences
Opis:
The meaning of responsibility, especially in young adults, plays an important role in contemporary life. It has an impact on the family life, social relations, ways of a work performance and many other aspects. The problem of taking responsibility by present-day people is discussed on different levels and in different areas. The point of view of adult learners of the formal education system still remains overlooked in academic discourse. This article presents adult learners’ understanding of the concept of adulthood and its important component, responsibility. The present study examined opinions of learners attending upper secondary school for adults, using the phenomenography method. In anonymous survey with open-ended questions, 94 voluntary participants (aged 18–63) took part. This qualitative study examined how adult learners begin to recognize the importance of a sense of responsibility for themselves and how it influences their life. The results of the study indicate the traditional understanding of the concept of adulthood by adult learners. Personal development, as a result of a variety of life experiences, makes increase of the importance of responsibility for themselves, their family and surrounding. Though different life difficulties, awkwardness, lack of autonomy, the value of responsibility becomes more significant.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2018, 2(120); 203-214
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Special Education in the Context of Educational Shifts towards Inclusion
Autorzy:
Papuda-Dolińska, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1985556.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
special education
inclusive education
special educational needs
disability
Opis:
The paper analyzes a confusion in the special education field caused by paradigm shifts towards social model of disability and inclusive model of education of children with special needs. Theoretical considerations concern the changes in the subject of the special education field’s interests, terminology, teaching methods and methodology employed by a special education discipline. In the paper special education’s and inclusive education’s assumptions were confronted. As it turned out, in many points they are contradictory. Especially, the notion and practice of categorization rooted in traditional special education and demonstrable in special needs definition, teachers’ training or teaching methods seem to be very difficult challenges for implementation of inclusive education.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2018, 2(120); 174-191
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selekcje szkolne w toku kształcenia czy spontaniczne? Kilka pytań o merytokrację w świetle dorobku Profesora Ryszarda Borowicza
Autorzy:
Nowakowska-Kutra, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050794.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-08-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
school selection
higher education
education
market
social change
meritocracy
Opis:
Processes of selection of schools have already constituted the object of the Doctoral Dissertation of Professor Ryszard Borowicz, prepared under a scientific supervision of Professor Zbigniew Kwieciński, and also of his numerous books and papers published throughout his whole scientific career. One of the leading concepts applied in the projects carried out by Professor Ryszard Borowicz was the meritocratic concept. Application of that theory in the explanation of phenomena taking place in the contemporary education system has been subject of critical analysis. Besides, the possible directions of studies have been proposed concerning the selection of schools, including the university-level of education. A number of questions have been raised worth answering, especially in face of dynamic transformations taking place in the Polish society that are somehow a consequence of belief in education that was supposed to create stratification mechanisms enabling promotion of positively selected individuals, according to the relation “merit-award”. With consideration for the Professor’s achievements, and for current indicators, some phenomena have been presented that currently exist in the system and are directly related with the problem of selection of schools.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2014, 4(104); 297-314
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Managing Education and Teaching Team During the COVID-19 Pandemic. A Systematic Review
Autorzy:
Śmietańska, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058149.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
teachers
conflict
education management
principal
education in COVID-19
Opis:
Circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in many challenges for all entities constituting the education system in Poland. The article aims to present the specific character of managing education and the teaching team in this demanding unusual reality. Contemporary principals and managers of various levels of education, often burdened with a multitude and diversity of tasks and requirements imposed on their role and the organisation of work of the managed entity, regardless of the circumstances of management, require and expect adequate support. The article reviews current empirical research on the problem of the functioning of schools in the pandemic, including such aspects as the situation of teachers, principals, students and their parents. The results are set within the practical, day-to-day management of education, focusing on the implementation of statutory tasks and the circumstances of cooperation between the principal and the staff team (e.g., concerning communication, fulfilment of needs, conflict resolution). Reference has also been made to own empirical research dedicated to managerial talent in education and the specific character of conflict management in an educational institution.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2022, 2(136); 114-128
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Podstawowe terminy pedagogiczne w języku angielskim w kontekście pedagogiki polskiej
Autorzy:
Fitak, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2010607.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
language of educational science
educational terminology
text on education
discourse analysis
dictionary of education
education
higher education
communication in science
Opis:
This article covers the basic terms in educational sciences in English and their equivalents in Polish, including definitions, difficulties in the selection of appropriate equivalent and linguistic traps which may influence on how the particular term is interpreted in the context of a text it is contained within and both Polish and American/British educational reality. The purpose of this paper is to increase awareness of a Polish reader of educationrelated texts that have been translated from English in terms of issues concerning meanings and interpretation, to make the Polish authors of educationrelated texts more sensitive to such issues and to provide them with a basis to be used when they create their own works which are meant to be populated in the multilingual environment of educationists or when they refer to the English literature in educational sciences in Polish books and articles.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2016, 1(111); 79-100
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Badanie ankietowe jako element ewaluacji jakości kształcenia na uczelniach wyższych
Autorzy:
Jeziński, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2007841.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
survey research
quality of education
higher education
USOS system
Opis:
The paper concerns on advantages and disadvantages of survey researches used as tools in the process of evaluation of education quality in contemporary Poland. Education quality is usually surveyed by using questionnaires accessible in electronic internet form as a part of the USOS system. It is implied that survey, as a research method, is an effective means applicable to measure opinions, attitudes and expectations of the students. Moreover, the internet form of survey takes the most of advantages of the traditional forms of research, which makes it an efficient tool in the process of evaluation in the higher education. This way of research prevail at Polish universities.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2016, 3(113); 213-227
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Educational Turn in Contemporary Art and Critical Aesthetic Pedagogy: Rethinking the Theory of Aesthetic Education
Autorzy:
Kwiatkowska-Tybulewicz, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1932045.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
aesthetic education
educational turn
critical pedagogy
art education
contemporary art
Opis:
The article presents the two phenomena observed in the space of art and education in 21st century, which may constitute the basis for rethinking and modernizing the theory of aesthetic education. The first is the educational turn in contemporary art, consisting in the use of pedagogical methods and forms by artists in their creative work. Education becomes not only the subject of contemporary artistic projects, but above all, an artistic practice, the foundations of which were taken from radical pedagogy. The second element important for rethinking the theory of aesthetic education is the perspective of critical pedagogy. The article briefly presents Yolanda Medina’s Critical Aesthetic Pedagogy, which tries to combine aesthetic pedagogy with a critical approach in the context of self and social empowerment. New ways of intertwining the spheres of art and education in the 21st century may be an opportunity to renew and modernize both the practice and theory of aesthetic education, and to strengthen the aesthetic education approach in Polish pedagogy.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2020, 4(130); 94-108
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Constructing Social Cohesion in Vietnamese Public Schools: The Methods, and Students’ Forgotten Identities
Autorzy:
Truong, Truc Thanh
Underwood, James
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1932063.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
social cohesion
Vietnamese education
moral education
Confucianism
autoethnography
state schools
Opis:
There are four main areas through which education can foster social cohesion, these are: curriculum design; an appropriate classroom climate of dialogue and respect; equal opportunities for all learners; and diverse school programmes that encompass the interests and experiences of the learning community. In this paper, by intersecting these concepts with the lead author’s experiences as a student in Vietnam’s primary and secondary public schools, we explore how social cohesion in constructed within the Vietnamese school system and the impact this has on student identity. Further focus is provided by analysing in-depth three fundamental aspects of the Vietnamese education system. These are: moral education; Vietnam’s national rite of saluting the flag; and didactic, teacher-focused teaching. The latter section of the essay then critically evaluates some shortcomings associated with the teaching of social cohesion in Vietnam. The purpose of this paper is to add meaning to those cultural features of schooling that have been taken for granted by Vietnamese people and also to highlight the need to find a balance between social cohesion and individuality in the Vietnamese educational system, so that in future current flaws can be erased. This paper is a conceptual paper informed by research literature. However, it also embraces an auto-ethnographic approach and in doing so extends the parameters of academic writing within a Vietnamese context.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2020, 4(130); 25-42
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Education in Polish and a Level of Higher Education of Polish Minority in Lithuania
Autorzy:
Wołkonowski, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1996416.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
secondary education
Polish national minority
Lithuania
higher education
national minority
Opis:
For centuries there has been Polish-language education in Lithuania which results from the centuries-long presence and tradition of the Polish national minority in this country. Polish education in Lithuania has its successes, but also problems that arise from the political and cultural specificity of the issue. On the one hand, it should be noted that in no other country (except Poland) there are as many state-run schools with Polish language of instruction as in Lithuania, on the other – it must be said that currently Polish-language education in Lithuania has become the source of many tensions in Poland and Lithuania inter-state relations. Polish education in Lithuania was a problem for the communist authorities of Soviet Lithuania, and now – for the authorities of independent Lithuania, which undertake both assimilation and integration activities concerning several thousand students and teachers of these schools. The first part of the article presents the situation of Polish-language education in the period of Soviet Lithuania between 1945 and 1990, marking the desperate struggle of parents and teachers to maintain the Polish language of teaching in these schools. The second chapter analyses the issue during the years of independent Lithuania – between 1990 and 2017, emphasizing the revival of Polish education in 1990–2000 and the persistent pursuit of the Polish minority society in Lithuania of ensuring education in Polish and maintain the existing state. The third chapter examines the indicator of higher education of the Polish minority in Lithuania against a national background, signifying that it was twice lower than the national average throughout the whole period. Moreover, it presents the funding of universities by ‘student basket’ model and proportion of school graduates with Polish language of instruction in this model and assesses the prospect of solving the problem.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2017, 4(118); 106-121
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiany w jakości kształcenia akademickiego w dobie pandemii COVID-19
Changes in the quality of academic education in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic
Autorzy:
Czapiewska, Gabriela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1932545.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
pandemia  COVID19
edukacja
kształcenie  zdalne
jakość  kształcenia
elearning
pandemic  COVID19
education
higher  education
quality  of  education
Opis:
Through the first period of the coronavirus pandemic, and in the need to teach remotely the education system in Poland underwent the accelerated process of implementation of distance learning solutions. The task that universities set themselves in the era of the prevailing pandemic was to maintain the quality of education at the existing level, while ensuring the safety of students and lecturers. The main aim of the study is to illustrate the changes in the academic education process that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article highlights the specific features of distance learning, pointing to its positive and negative sides. To achieve the assumed goal, a query of domestic and foreign literature in the field of the presented research issues was used, as well as an analysis of secondary sources of information, mainly reports on remote education research during the pandemic. The analyzes show that the forced transfer of education to virtual platforms brought some benefits, but also resulted in a number of unfavorable changes. The educational experience so far during the pandemic has shown that the transfer of this form of verification of learning outcomes to cyberspace posed serious problems - not so much for students, but for teachers. Remote education offers hope for matching teaching techniques to the needs of students, as well as for forcing lecturers to improve the quality of their classes, also in terms of content. Distance learning techniques are therefore becoming an integral part of the education process. The issues discussed in the article may constitute a starting point for further in-depth research.
System szkolnictwa w Polsce przeszedł w pierwszym okresie pandemii koronawirusa i w warunkach konieczności prowadzenia nauczania zdalnego przyspieszony proces wdrażania rozwiązań edukacji na odległość. Zadaniem, które sobie wyznaczyły uczelnie wyższe w dobie panującej pandemii, było utrzymanie jakości kształcenia na istniejącym poziomie, przy jednoczesnym zapewnieniu bezpieczeństwa studentom i wykładowcom. Zasadniczym celem opracowania jest zobrazowanie zmian w procesie kształcenia akademickiego, które nastąpiły w czasie pandemii COVID-19. W niniejszym artykule wskazano na specyficzne cechy kształcenia zdalnego, wskazując jego pozytywne i negatywne strony. Do realizacji założonego celu posłużyła kwerenda literatury krajowej i zagranicznej z zakresu prezentowanej problematyki badawczej, jak też analiza wtórnych źródeł informacji, głównie raportów z badań dotyczących kształcenia zdalnego w czasie pandemii. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że wymuszone przeniesienie edukacji na platformy wirtualne przyniosło pewne korzyści, ale i spowodowało szereg niekorzystnych zmian. Dotychczasowe doświadczenia edukacyjne w czasie pandemii pokazały, że przeniesienie tej formy weryfikacji efektów uczenia się do cyberprzestrzeni nastręczało poważnych problemów - nie tyle studentom, co prowadzącym zajęcia. Edukacja zdalna stwarza nadzieję na dopasowanie technik nauczania do potrzeb studentów, a także na zmuszenie wykładowców do podniesienia jakości swoich zajęć, również od strony merytorycznej. Techniki kształcenia na odległość stają się więc integralną częścią procesu edukacji. Podjęte w artykule zagadnienia mogą stanowić punkt wyjścia do dalszych pogłębionych badań.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2021, 3(133); 50-63
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fenomen Grudziądza. Przypadek miasta bez uczelni wyższej
The Phenomenon of Grudziądz. The Case of a City without a Higher Education Facility
Autorzy:
Uniewska, Agnieszka
Nalaskowski, Filip
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26443935.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Youths
plans
education
unemployment
higher education
Grudziądz
studies
research
adolescence
adulthood
Opis:
The article is an attempt of characteristic – Grudziądz as a specific educational environment - phenomenon. As it was proved, Grudziądz is the biggest (almost 100 000 citizens, #40 in the biggest Polish cities list) city with no own university. This status might be both a cause and a result of other city’s problems. First of all – Grudziądz has the highest unemployment rate among all Polish cities – over 23%. Secondly Grudziądz has less investments than other cities in that region. Moreover, thirdly, there’s an proved opinion, that Grudziądz is unpopulating and is so called “town for a rent”. Situation on a educational market and a general economic and social condition causes in specific choices of young Grudziądzans. 1. They plan higher education more often. 2. They declare different set of majors than young Poles in general. Dominating faculties are: medicine, law, education, economics, architecture. 3. We’re finding a huge different – again in comparison to a general data – in a category of school type. Domination of universities, and no private universities. 4. Major – over 78% – chose regular full time studies. Specific a above mentioned choices indicates conservative and safe approach to youths future. Moreover it proves a responsibility. What’s even more important those date may be related to an information about leaving family home plans – that is why we may call it the accelerated adulthood and independence.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2013, 3(96); 201-216
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies