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Tytuł:
Wpływ członkostwa Polski w Unii Europejskiej na ewolucję jej partnerstwa handlowo-inwestycyjnego z Niemcami
The Impact of Poland’s Membership in the European Union on the Polish Trade and investment partnership with Germany
Autorzy:
Ambroziak, Łukasz
Molendowski, Edward
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/505154.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Polska
Germany
foreign trade
foreign direct investment
trade in value added
Opis:
The aim of the paper is to present signifi cance of Germany in Polish trade in goods and services as well as investment cooperation during the Poland’s membership in the European Union. The role of Germany was compared to other EU-15 countries. The research was carried out using both the traditional foreign trade statistics (in gross terms) downloaded from WITS-Comtrade database and trade statistics in value added terms calculated based on World Input-Output Database (WIOD). The foreign direct investment data came from the National Bank of Poland. The research results show that since 1990s Germany has been the main trade and investment partner of Poland. It’s accession to the European Union has accelerated the Polish-German economic cooperation. One of the most important factors infl uencing this cooperation was participation of Poland and Germany in global value chains.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2016, 1; 131-150
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Die transatlantische politikverflechtungsfalle: Deutsche auβenpolitik zwischen strategischer orientierungslosigkeit, humanitärem anspruch, opportunitätsmaxime und prestigedenken
Transatlantic Relations
Autorzy:
Pradetto, August
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/505563.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
German foreign policy
German security policy
Military missions
NATO
Alliance Partners relations
Processing foreign policy experience
Opis:
This contribution analyses the development of transatlantic relations focussing on German foreign policy and missions of the German Federal Armed Forces since the end of the Cold War. It tries to answer the question of why – 25 years after the fundamental geopolitical changes of 1989/90– the German foreign and security policy is still having difficulties finding a consistent strategy based on clear standards and plausible criteria, especially with regard to external commitments and military components as an integrated part of NATO strategies and forces. Methodologically, the focus lies on internal political structures processing external challenges and experiences made during the past two decades. In this framework, the so called interdependency trap (Politikverfl echtungsfalle (Scharpf)) is to be analyzed. That is to say the relationship of relevant German foreign policy elites with their NATO and EU partners is illuminated with their repercussions on internal political discourse formation.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2014, 4; 111-122
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dylemat praw człowieka we współczesnej dyplomacji Francji
The dilemma of human rights in modern France’s diplomacy
Autorzy:
Młynarski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/505176.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
France
human rights
foreign policy
humanitarian intervention
Opis:
This article discusses, focusing on the presidency of Nicolas Sarkozy, selected aspects of France’s foreign policy in the scope of human rights promotion. Human rights are now a permanent component of international relations and democratic states’ foreign policy, moreover their promotion and protection is a matter of the international community legitimate obligation. The author take an attempt to answer following questions: What is the share of France in the promotion and protection of human rights in the world? What place in the French diplomacy human rights take? Has France finished over with the role of “African gendarme” and became a rational player in the former colonial countries? What is the role of humanitarian interventions engagement in the French African policy?
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2013, 2; 73-88
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kapitał zagraniczny w Polsce w okresie poakcesyjnym
Entities with Foreign Participation in Poland – Post-Accession Period
Autorzy:
Zysk, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/505939.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
entities with foreign participation
exports of companies with foreign participation
foreign direct investment in Poland
podmioty z udziałem zagranicznym
eksport spółek z udziałem zagranicznym
bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne w Polsce
Opis:
The presence of foreign capital in Poland, connected with the activities of transnational corporations, influences many elements of the economic structure. Inflows of foreign capital in the form of foreign direct investment (FDI), which affects the level of exports of our country, are particularly important. The article (research character) presents the results of the share of export sales companies with foreign participation and the participation of the largest exporters (companies with foreign capital) in Polish exports in 2004–2015. In recent years, we could observe the decline in the share of exports of companies surveyed in total Polish exports, but it was statistically significant and sustained for several years, the level of over 1/2 for all companies with foreign participation, and about 12% for the largest companies. It is reasonable to argue that there was a signifi cant concentration of exports generated by entities with foreign participation, including transnational corporations. It seems that in the short and medium term we will continue to observe the inflow of direct investment or reinvestment of profits. However, in the decisions regarding capital placement, investors may be concerned about the increase of anti-EU moods and the EU authorities’ examination of the rule of law in Poland.
Obecność zagranicznego kapitału w Polsce, związana z działalnością korporacji transnarodowych, wpływa na wiele elementów struktury ekonomicznej. Istotny jest zwłaszcza napływ kapitału zagranicznego w formie bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych (BIZ), który oddziałuje na poziom eksportu naszego kraju. W artykule (charakter badawczy) przedstawiono wyniki badań udziału sprzedaży eksportowej spółek z wkładem zagranicznym oraz udziału największych eksporterów (podmiotów z kapitałem zagranicznym) w polskim eksporcie w okresie od 2004 do 2016 r. W ostatnich latach obserwować można było spadek udziału eksportu badanych podmiotów w całości polskiego eksportu, niemniej jednak był to istotny statystycznie i utrzymujący się przez kilkanaście lat poziom ponad 50% w przypadku wszystkich spółek z udziałem zagranicznym i około 12% w przypadku największych podmiotów. Uzasadnione jest zatem twierdzenie o istotnej koncentracji eksportu generowanego przez podmioty z udziałem zagranicznym, w tym korporacje transnarodowe. Wydaje się, iż w krótkiej i średniej perspektywie nadal będziemy obserwować napływ inwestycji bezpośrednich czy reinwestowanie osiąganych zysków. W decyzjach dotyczących lokowania kapitału zaniepokoić inwestorów może jednak wzrost nastrojów antyunijnych i badanie przez organy UE praworządności w Polsce.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2019, 2; 119-135
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polska dyplomacja kulturalna na Bliskim Wschodzie po 2003 r.
Polish cultural diplomacy in the Middle East after 2003
Autorzy:
Langowska, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/505985.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
cultural diplomacy
Middle East
Polska
foreign policy
Opis:
The article shows a new dimension of Polish relations with the Middle Eastern countries as well as new ways of providing a cultural diplomacy. Subsequent parts are: Middle East in Polish foreign policy, the concept of cultural diplomacy, cultural diplomacy in Polish foreign policy, Polish cultural diplomacy in the Middle East. Article shows the different activities of cultural diplomacy starting from its traditional tools to the latest ideas. It shows the change in the perception of cultural diplomacy, as well as their main actors and channels to reach the audience. In addition, underlined is a breakthrough in relations between the Poland and region of the Middle East – a change in the perception and the ability to build a strategy of a foreign policy based on the transferring the experience of system transformation. Thesis about new dimension of polish cultural diplomacy in the Middle East shows following results: now Poland has something to offer to the Middle East that is the experience in transformation of political system; also with the accession to the European Union, it’s structures, programs, politics Poland gained more channels to promote it’s culture; cultural diplomacy reaches more wide groups of society, more actors are taking part in cultural diplomacy which causes that not only governmental institutions are responsible for intercultural dialog.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2014, 3; 211-236
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Die Bedeutung der deutschen NATO-Politik in Libyen als Herausforderung für die Weiterentwicklung der transatlantischen Zusammenarbeit
The importance of the German policy in Libya NATO as a challenge for further development of transatlantic cooperation
Autorzy:
Zech, Lukas
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/505119.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
NATO
Community of Practice
Libya crisis
German Foreign Policy
Opis:
The present paper addresses the question whether in light of its security policy Germany is still to be considered an integral part of the NATO community. Furthermore, this essay analyzes which implications the German NATO policy will have on future transatlantic cooperation within the alliance. To this end, the experiences made in the surroundings of the international military mission in Libya will be exemplified and drawn upon. Serving as the article’s theoretical background, the so called “Communities of Practice” approach permits to establish to what extent Germany is to be characterized as a member or a non-member of the transatlantic alliance. In this context, NATO is perceived as a community of practice, within which common discursive principles are being developed and joint actions are being executed by its members. In the course of this study, primarily Germany’s and NATO’s reasoning concerning Libya will be compared by conducting a discourse analysis. Subsequently, all concrete actions which have been taken by the entities in question will be contrasted with each other. Consequently, a light will be shone on the manifest differences between Germany and NATO with regard to both the discourse and their respective practical politics. Against the background of the Libyan case, Germany can no longer be considered a part of NATO as a community of practice which can in turn be taken as evidence for a tendency towards less dedication to multilateralism and less commitment in the field of military missions on the part of Germany. Thus, within the relation between NATO and Germany, a lacking sense of community can clearly be detected which potentially poses a threat to any future transatlantic cooperation.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2014, 4; 123-148
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chińska Republika Ludowa wobec napięć i kryzysu w relacjach USA–Rosja.
The Peoples Republic of China and the US–Russia relations crisis.
Autorzy:
Bednarz, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/505871.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
China
foreign policy
Confiict
Russia
United States
Ukraine crisis
Opis:
The goal of this paper is to contemplate on Beijing’s approach to the growing US–Russia tensions in the contemporary world. Escalating frictions between these two global powers caused by the outbreak of the Ukraine crisis create a new international environment in which China has much to gain but also much to lose depending on its stance. The Communist Party of China has to consider both internal and external conditions in order to strike the perfect balance in its foreign policy. The interdependence of the contemporary world will make this a difficult feat. This paper will present a brief summary of official Chinese statements from top level government officials along with a selections of official media coverage of the Ukraine crisis with a short analysis. I will also try to cover the growing relations between Russia and the People’s Republic of China in the wake of the US–Russia power struggle. Finally I will attempt to asses if China is the biggest benefactor this new trend in global politics.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2015, 2; 81-704
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Global, regional and internal factors of Egypt’s stance towards Russo-Ukrainian war
Autorzy:
Lipa, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20435650.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Egypt
United States
Russia-Ukraine war
foreign policy
food security
Opis:
The paper aims to explain the origins of Egypt’s foreign policy toward the Russian-Ukrainian war. The major hypothesis says that Egypt’s policy towards the Russian-Ukrainian conflict results from Egypt’s relations with the United States, the Russian Federation and regional powers, namely Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, with the Egyptian leaders trying to pragmatically put their policy in line with those of major regional powers with which Cairo has close relations while taking into account interests of their nation.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2023, XX, 1; 103-119
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stanowisko Polski wobec rozmów UE i Stanów Zjednoczonych w sprawie partnerstwa transatlantyckiego
Polish position against the EU-US talks on Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)
Autorzy:
Stankiewicz, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/506258.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership
ISDS
NTMS
Foreign Direct Investments
AmCham
Opis:
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership TTIP as an agreement between the EU and the U.S. in the assumptions will create the most powerful trading at dawn community gathering 40% of current world production, which has 23.2% share in the trade of goods and services 39.4% share, as well as generating approximately 64.1% of Foreign Direct Investment. Poland as an EU member, attending conducted under the aegis of the European Commission’s negotiations with representatives of the U.S. government. A small percentage of the cumulative turnover of Polish trade with the U.S., does not mean that after the conclusion of TTIP, the Polish economy and the consumer market will not feel positive as well as negative consequences of the treaty. Countries, which, according to consulting firms gain the most numerous are the leading economic benefits in Germany, the United Kingdom, as well as having extensive business contacts with the United States, the Netherlands. The thesis that informs the author of the work is the belief that the Polish raison d’etat requires a wider cooperation with Germany having a principal destination for exports of Polish enterprises, and also a significant cooperator for the United States. In this way, the chances are preserved in the larger economic gains through the creation of a free trade area of the EU-USA. The aim of the study is to answer the question of how and in which areas of the negotiations, Poland should lobby for maintaining their own interests?
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2014, 4; 207-222
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polityka zagraniczna Egiptu pod rządami Partii Wolności i Sprawiedliwości
Foreign Policy of Egypt under the Rule of Freedom and Justice Party
Autorzy:
Tumulec, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/506296.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Freedom and Justice Party
Egypt
foreign policy
Muslim Brotherhood
Arab Spring
Opis:
The article presents the most important aspects of the new foreign policy of Egypt after the fall of President Hosni Mubarak and the impact of the Arab Spring on the attitude of Egypt in the region after coming to power Freedom and Justice Party (associated with the Muslim Brotherhood). The author stresses the importance of several factors, primarily the permanent impact of the army on the current policies and problems associated with social transformation, which also affected the creation of new foreign policy of the Egyptian state. A short period of rule of the Freedom and Justice Party was characterized in foreign policy area by a profound dissonance between the officially declared objectives and reality. A striking example of this policy was Egyptian approach to the Palestinian issue. Lack of strong leadership and domestic policy mistakes quickly began to adversely affect the activity of Egypt in the international arena. For the United States, the current most important ally of Egypt, key issue was the fulfillment by the new authorities provisions of Camp David Accords and maintain alliance, especially in matters of military cooperation. Therefore, the Egyptian-Iranian rapprochement soon after coming to power President Morsy was regarded as a dangerous precedent, and to some extent a threat to the existing status quo in the Middle East. Egypt also changed alliances with Arab Gulf states – the choice of new partners was dictated by ideological closeness and willingness to break with Mubarak allies. The paper shows also the greatest failures in the international arena of “new Egypt,” among them: 1) the severance of diplomatic relations with Syria and the self-exclusion as a mediator in the Syrian conflict; 2) an unsuccessful attempt to join the BRICS group; 3) failure in Ethiopian-Egyptian dispute overaccessto the Nile resources. The author states that within two years period of Freedom and Justice Party rule the international position of Egypt has been further eroded, which was mainly caused by fatal economic situation of the state and the need to seek new sources of funding in the world.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2013, 3; 129-148
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Rozruchy” czy „rewolucja”? Chińska prasa o Arabskiej Wiośnie
Riots or Revolutions? Arab Spring in People’s Daily Editorial
Autorzy:
Zemanek, Bogdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/504996.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Arab Spring
discourse analysis
Beijing Daily
People’s Daily
PRC foreign policy
PRC propaganda
Opis:
PRC authorities execute a tight control over the media. Therefore it is significant if an editorial from the local newspaper Beijing Ribao is republished in the English language webportal of the most official national paper Renmin Ribao. The text, originally addressed to local readers, describes the ideological attitude of the PRC towards the events of the „Arab Spring”, especially in Libya. The main reasons for the unrest (young generation’s frustration about lack of political representation, corruption, growing economic disparity, expressed through new communication technologies, over which the authorities have little control) exist in similar form in China as well; because of that, the PRC authorities feel the need to „properly assess and interpret” the events, as being insired by the West, chaotic, disrupting existing social order and not being elite-driven. By refusing to call them „revolution”, the authorities aim to depreciate and delegitimize them in the eyes of the model Chinese reader. Such information policy is in conformity with internal policy aimed at controlling social order, and with the foreign policy, which supports the economic growth by acquiring natural resources, often from dictatorial regimes, with whom Beijing maintains cordial relations.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2013, 3; 93-107
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bezpieczeństwo Europy – dyskusje wokół sekurytyzacji pomocy rozwojowej
Security in Europe: Debating the Securitization of Foreign Aid
Autorzy:
Paterek, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/505717.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
ODA
współpraca rozwojowa
sekurytyzacja
bezpieczeństwo
rozwój
development co operation
securitization
development
security
foreign aid
Opis:
Artykuł analizuje wpływ kwestii bezpieczeństwa na rolę współpracy na rzecz rozwoju. Od końca zimnej wojny, rosnącej wielkości ofi cjalnej pomocy rozwojowej (ODA) towarzyszył wzrost znaczenia interesów bezpieczeństwa państw-dawców pomocy. Współpraca rozwojowa w co raz większym stopniu staje się instrumentem pozwalającym na wyeliminowanie ponadgranicznych źródeł zagrożeń dla bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego. Na tle teoretycznych rozważań i interpretacji teorii sekurytyzacji, wypracowanej przez badaczy tzw. szkoły kopenhaskiej, analizie poddano wybrane aspekty dyskursu wokół współczesnego spojrzenia na rolę pomocy rozwojowej w konstruowaniu bezpieczeństwa.
The article analyses the impact of security issues on the role of cooperation for development. Since the end of the Cold War, the growing size of official development assistance (ODA) has been accompanied by an increase in the security interests of donor countries. Development cooperation is increasingly becoming an instrument to eliminate cross-border sources of threats to international security. Against the background of theoretical considerations and interpretations of the theory of securitization, developed by researchers of the so-called The Copenhagen School, the selected aspects of discourse were analysed around a modern look at the role of development assistance in constructing security.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2017, 4; 97-109
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ Niemiec i Francji na rozwój Wspólnej Polityki Zagranicznej i Bezpieczeństwa oraz Europejskiej Polityki Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony Unii Europejskiej w XXI w.
The influence of Germany and France on the development of the Common Foreign and Security Policy and the European Security and Defence Policy of the European Union in the twenty-first century
Autorzy:
Koszel, Bogdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/504842.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
France-Germany
Common Foreign and Security Policy
European Security and Defence Policy
21 st. century
Opis:
In the early twenty-first century. France and Germany closely work together to strengthen the effectiveness of the Common Foreign and Security Policy and the. European Security and Defence Policy They led to their treaty and institutional strengthening. Governments Chancellor Angela Merkel focused on the ”culture of moderation“ in foreign policy and ill-considered reform of the Bundeswehr weakened the role of Germany in the area of foreign policy, security and defense policy of the European Union. After the return France to NATO’s integrated structures in 2009. It took place a close military cooperation A with the United Kingdom. Arab revolutions and the crisis in the Ukraine is not caused reevaluations so far in German-French cooperation to strengthen the defence of the European Union and its foreign policy.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2015, 1; 115-127
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Donald Trump’s Foreign Policy: Change of Substance or Only of Style?
Polityka zagraniczna prezydenta Donalda Trumpa: zmiana istoty czy tylko stylu?
Autorzy:
Lewicki, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/505008.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
President Trump
foreign policy
stable policy
new style
Prezydent Trump
polityka zagraniczna
stabilna polityka
nowy styl
Opis:
The article is an initial assessment of the first months of Donald Trump’s foreign policy. The author argues that contrary to widely publicized theses, American foreign policy has not undergone significant changes so far. Trump showed more decisiveness than his predecessor when faced with the civil war in Syria, and took a more confrontational position towards North Korea, but in the most important issues, such as politics towards China or Russia he did not do anything that would justify fears about the direction of American actions in the world. Washington’s withdrawal from international agreements (TPP, TTIP) or the emergence of such a possibility (NAFTA) is the result of Trump’s concern with his own country’s interests, which is what all leaders do. All this means that in 2017, US foreign policy noted a certain change in the style of its conduct while the substance remains unchanged.
Artykuł jest wstępną oceną pierwszych miesięcy polityki zagranicznej prezydenta Donalda Trumpa. Autor argumentuje, że wbrew szeroko nagłaśnianym tezom amerykańska polityka zagraniczna nie uległa w tym czasie istotnym zmianom. Trump wykazał większe zdecydowanie wobec wojny domowej w Syrii niż jego poprzednik i zajął bardziej konfrontacyjne stanowisko wobec Korei Północnej, ale w najistotniejszych kwestiach, jak np. polityka wobec Chin czy wobec Rosji, nie uczynił niczego, co uzasadniałoby obawy o kierunek działań Stanów Zjednoczonych w świecie. Z kolei wycofanie się Waszyngtonu z porozumień międzynarodowych (TPP, TTIP) czy też pojawienie się takiej możliwości (NAFTA) to wynik kierowania się przez Trumpa przede wszystkim interesem swego kraju, co jest regułą obowiązującą wszystkich przywódców. Wszystko to sprawia, że w 2017 r. polityka zagraniczna USA odnotowała pewną zmianę stylu jej prowadzenia przy zachowaniu niezmienionej substancji.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2019, 3; 41-57
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obrona przeciwrakietowa NATO jako czynnik wzmacniający transatlantycką więź w dziedzinie bezpieczeństwa
NATO’s Missile Defense as an augmenting factor within transatlantic security framework
Autorzy:
Czajkowski, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/506047.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
missile defense
international relations
international security
NATO
US foreign policy
US security strategy
transatlantic co-operation
Opis:
Ballistic missiles pose increasing threat worldwide. They are powerful means of warfare, but can also be used as an instrument of deterrence, political blackmail and coercion. The United States sustain strong commitment to the development of the missile defense to limit the effect of expanding, more and more sophisticated missile arsenals. This is considered very important if the United States are to maintain political and military freedom of action, especially in troubled regions. The European countries of NATO perceive the missile threat somewhat differently. Most of them agree that it exist but, as they do not conduct intensive policies in troubled regions, they do not believe the threat is imminent. That is why, on the one hand NATO has embraced missile defense as one of the most important goals, but on the other European members are not eager to pay huge cost of robust defensive effort. Thus, the US will bear lion’s share of European missile defense burden, making Europe’s security more and more tied to American strategic goals and depended on US military capabilities. This is surely augmenting factor, as far as transatlantic security ties are concerned.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2014, 4; 91-110
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 41

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