Temat: mixture gas - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Reproduction of chassis dynamometer driving cycles on the road as a means of achieving repeatable on-road emissions tests
Autorzy:: Vojtisek-Lom, M.
Fenkl, M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243526.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2008
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: internal combustion engines
gaseous fuel mixtures
biogas
co-generation units
NDIR analyzer
gas mixture analysis
Opis:: Projected increases in the cost of conventional fossil energy sources and greenhouse gas emissions caps are among the key drivers for the utilization of various gaseous fuels prepared from biomass in internal combustion engines, primarily in cogeneration units. Due to the low energy content and other poor qualities of many such fuels, they are often intended to be co-fired with diesel fuel, or used in blends with natural gas or other gaseous fuels. Variations in the composition of the biogas, limited capabilities of gas mixing and metering devices, and other factors create challenges in determining the intake charge composition, so that optimal mixture of air and multiple fuels can be maintained. In this study, an experimental device for mixing of two gaseous fuels was tested, with various gases, on a bus engine modified to run on experimental gaseous fuel blends. To evaluate the performance of the mixing device, the composition of the mixture of two fuel gases was continuously analyzed by an inexpensive NDIR ,”garage-grade” exhaust gas analyzer. The focus of this paper is on the adaptation of the analyzer for this purpose, including calibration and linearization techniques, its verification, and performance. Preliminary results show that this analyzer, commonly used for automobile inspection and maintenance purposes, can serve, albeit with precautions and limitations, as a relatively simple tool for field measurements of the composition of a fuel gas mixture, both raw and mixed with air.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 4; 577-582
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Analysis of gaseous fuel blends and mixtures using inexpensive "garage" gas analyzers
Autorzy:: Vojtisek-Lom, M.
Fenkl, M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245801.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2008
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: internal combustion engines
gaseous fuel mixtures
biogas
co-generation units
NDIR analyzer
gas mixture analysis
Opis:: Projected increases in the cost of conventional fossil energy sources and greenhouse gas emissions caps are among the key drivers for the utilization of various gaseous fuels prepared from biomass in internal combustion engines, primarily in cogeneration units. Due to the low energy content and other poor qualities of many such fuels, they are often intended to be co-fired with diesel fuel, or used in blends with natural gas or other gaseous fuels. Variations in the composition of the biogas, limited capabilities of gas mixing and metering devices, and other factors create challenges in determining the intake charge composition, so that optimal mixture of air and multiple fuels can be maintained. In this study, an experimental device for mixing of two gaseous fuels was tested, with various gases, on a bus engine modified to run on experimental gaseous fuel blends. To evaluate the performance of the mixing device, the composition of the mixture of two fuel gases was continuously analyzed by an inexpensive NDIR ",garage-grade" exhaust gas analyzer. The focus of this paper is on the adaptation of the analyzer for this purpose, including calibration and linearization techniques, its verification, and performance. Preliminary results show that this analyzer, commonly used for automobile inspection and maintenance purposes, can serve, albeit with precautions and limitations, as a relatively simple tool for field measurements of the composition of a fuel gas mixture, both raw and mixed with air.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 3; 535-541
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Visualization of auto-ignition of end gas region without knock in a spark-ignition natural gas engine
Autorzy:: Tomita, E.
Kawahara, N.
Zheng, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246275.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2010
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: knock
spark-ignition engine
homogeneous mixture
visualization
natural gas
End Gas Region
Opis:: It is important to increase thermal efficiency in a spark-ignition engine for reducing carbon dioxide gas in exhaust emissions. One of the solutions is to increase the compression ratio of the engine. Then, knock is a barrier in increasing in compression ratio because of higher pressure and unburned gas temperature in the end gas region. Therefore, there have been many studies on knock. However, there was an interesting phenomenon under some conditions in a gas engine. There is no pressure oscillation in the end stage of combustion and rate of heat release increased. It is considered that the auto-ignition in the end gas region occurs without knock. In this study, the combustion behavior in the end gas region was visualized with an ultra-high-speed camera. In normal combustion case, the flame propagates in the end gas region. In the knock case, the auto-ignited part burns suddenly and leads pressure oscillation. Under the critical conditions, some shows knock and some shows normal flame propagation. However, in some cases, even if auto-ignition occurs, pressure wave is not produced. Then there is no pressure oscillation, that is, mild auto-ignition without knock can be confirmed. And the rate of heat release shows two peaks. The first peak is due to flame propagation and the second peak is due to auto-ignition in the end gas region. The combustion near the end stage become short and thermal efficiency is expected to be increased because of increase in degree of constant-volume.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 4; 521-527
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: The impact of the share of biogas in a supply dose on load parameters in the combustion chamber of a dual-fuel compression-ignition engine
Autorzy:: Wierzbicki, S.
Boruta, G.
Piętak, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243036.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: biogas
gas
air mixture
λ ratio
compression-ignition engine
Opis:: The need to increase the share of renewable fuels in the general energy balance necessitates the search for new possibilities of their use. One such fuel is biogas, which is generated both as a result of natural processes occurring, e.g. in landfills, and can also be obtained from various biological materials in biogas plants. Because of its properties, biogas may be used to power spark-ignition engines. At the same time, in numerous scientific centres attempts are underway at using biogas to power compression-ignition engines. Due to the relatively high autoignition temperature of methane, which is the main component of biogas, it is necessary to use dual-fuel supply systems in CI engines. Providing fuel gas to such an engine in the form of biogas, which can have a varying chemical composition, considerably changes the conditions of combustion in the engine compartment, which affects both the performance of the engine as well as the emission of toxic compounds into the atmosphere. The present paper discusses the impact of supplying an engine with fuel gas, as well as of the composition of biogas, on the ratios describing the load in the combustion chamber of a dual-fuel compression-ignition engine. The calculations were conducted for a four-cylinder forced induction engine, assuming that the volume of the drawn gas and air mixture equals the volume of the drawn air during mono-fuel operation.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 2; 407-414
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: The importance of mixture preparation for industrial heat and power gas engines
Autorzy:: Romańczyk, M.
Elsner, W.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246334.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: gas engine
environmental friendly power generation
combustion processes
mixture preparation
Opis:: The main task of a gas mixer is to mix the fuel (gas) with air in such a way that in the gas engine optimal combustion takes place. A high efficiency of the whole combustion process and low emissions are the decisive optimization parameters. An industrial gas engine operates mostly with a lean air-gas combustion mixture with an air excess coefficient ratio of → λ=1.6. Most often heat and power industrial gas engines operate with biogas. The biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion, where biodegradable materials in the absence of oxygen are fermented. That is why the biogas fuel consists mostly of methane → CH4 (up to 70 [%]), carbon dioxide → CO2 and traces of other contaminant gases. It is well known, that the performance of industrial gas engines strongly depends on the quality of air and fuel mixing and therefore homogeneity of the mixture. Improper air-gas mixture can lead to unstable operation of the entire gas engine and excessive emissions beyond the applicable environmental standards. Therefore, in this article numerical investigations were performed using the open source computational fluid dynamics software OpenFOAM to show the importance of mixture preparation for industrial heat and power gas engines by describing in detail the mixing behaviour in a Venturi gas mixer model.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 3; 385-392
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Energy analysis of a small capacity SI engine fueled with lean air gas mixture
Autorzy:: Przybyła, G.
Postrzednik, S.
Żmudka, Z.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246676.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: global warming
spark ignition (SI) engine
natural gas
indicated efficiency
lean mixture
Opis:: In this paper, the results of the theoretical study of an internal combustion engine, fuelled with lean air - gas mixtures, are presented. Energetic property calculations were done for several chosen gaseous fuels such as methane, landfill gas, and producer gas. Based on these fuels, the performance of a theoretical Seiliger-Sabathe cycle was investigated using variable air excess values. The accurate analysis of the various processes taking place in an internal combustion engine is a very complex problem. If these processes were to be analyzed experimentally, it would be more expensive than theoretical analysis. The Seiliger-Sabathe cycle turns out to be help in theoretical analysis of internal combustion engine performance. Dimensionless descriptive parameters (E, psi) are very useful at this analysis by combining the properties of fuel with initial thermodynamic parameters of the cycle. Moreover, the experimental results of SI engine fuelled with a lean mixture of natural gas are presented for comparative purposes. The experiments were carried out on a petroleum engine with a low engine displacement. A typical SI engine was selected in order to evaluate the potential application of a gaseous fuel (i.e. natural gas). These types of engines are widely available and commonly used in the automotive sector because of low purchase prices and operating costs. It is expected that after minor modifications, the engine can easily operate in a low power co-generation mode. The main objective is to evaluate the performance of the engine under lean air/fuel mixture conditions. The slight impact of air excess ratio on COVIMEP was noticed. The value decreases insensibly with air excess ratio decreasing. Obtained results are located at acceptable levels for power generation sources and are less than 5 %. Although, the more distinct impact was observed regarding to COVpmax. The maximum value was noted for leaner mixture and it amounts to approximately 7.5%.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 423-432
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Automotive SI engine with injection of the liquid LPG into the inlet manifold
Autorzy:: Mareš, J.
Beroun, S.
Blažek, J.
Holubec, R.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246436.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2007
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: gas fuel
mixture forming
power reducing
injection of liquid LPG
fuel vaporization
exhaust emission
Opis:: Non supercharged SI engine on LPG with mixture forming by evaporated LPG has lower power by about 8% compared to original petrol engine. This disadvantage can be eliminated by mixture forming by injection of liquid LPG. Report shows the results of the laboratory experimental research on an engine with injection of liquid LPG with the detailed analyses of the energy, power and emission engine parameters in 2 variations of the engine set-up. The thermodynamic analysis of the indicator diagram has shown that the characteristic parameters of the cycle (incl. Parameters of the combustion course) stand practically identical for operation on petrol and on LPG. The measurements on the engine were also oriented on study of conditions in the inlet manifold after injection of the liquid LPG (injection visualization with fuel vaporization, temperature in the intake port) for an explanation of any abnormality on course of the unburned hydrocarbon concentration before catalyst. The experimental results show that automotive engine with injection of liquid LPG like high-quality variation of the car drive with favorable operating economy and positive ecological effects for environment.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 3; 385-394
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Influence of biodiesel origin on the exhaust gasses concentration in compression ignition engine
Autorzy:: Duda, K.
Śmieja, Ł.
Mikulski, M.
Hunicz, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245106.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: exhaust gas emission
common rail. biodiesel combustion
animal fat biodiesel mixtures
vegetable oil
biodiesel mixture
Opis:: The use of renewable fuels can reduce consumption of fossil fuels as well as diversify the range of alternative energy carriers. The advantage of biofuels is that they can be obtained from waste materials. Biofuels derived from vegetable or animal raw fatty material, as a result of transesterification, are characterized by similar physicochemical properties to mineral diesel fuel in terms of quality standards, however the fatty acid composition of the raw material can significantly influence exhaust gas emissions. The aim of the research is to determine the impact of the origin of various renewable biocomponents on exhaust gasses concentration emitted by compression ignition engine. The tests were conducted on a Common Rail, direct injection engine, operating under steady state conditions. Two kinds of biofuels produced from different fatty raw materials (rapeseed oil and swine lard) were used. All the experiments were performed on fuels containing a total of 50% biocomponent shares admixed to commercial diesel fuel. The tested samples included both: binary and ternary mixtures. During the experiments the differences in: hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides concentrations were examined as a result of different fuel composition. The study shows that the best results were achieved for fuel containing both plant and animal biocomponents.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 3; 145-152
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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