Temat: alternative transport - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Analysis of selected operating parameters of engine powered by a mixture of biocomponents and diesel oil
Autorzy:: Markiewicz-Patalon, M.
Muślewski, Ł.
Kaszkowiak, J.
Knopik, L.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244467.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: transport
means of transport
diesel oil
biocomponent
alternative fuels
Opis:: Reaching of high parameters of a drive unit and low pollution of the natural environment is considered to be the most desired effect of motorization. The use of the additive in the form of fatty acid methyl esters to the diesel oil, assumes lowering of harmful fuel gases’ emission and reaching high operating parameters of an engine, such as power and turning moment. Studies on the power output and the turning moment of an engine with self-ignition are presented in the study. The subject matter of the studies was a combustion engine with self-ignition of the power of 80 kW with the direct common rail system and turbo-compressor’s supercharging and with electromagnetic injectors. The tested engine was powered with diesel oil and the mixture of fatty acid methyl esters and the diesel fuel, in proportions 10%, 30% and 50% with an improver, at the standard settings of the fuel injection controllers. The vehicle used for the testing purposes, has been singled out with respect to the specific features, such as: universality of its use as a means of transportation and the opportunity of modification of the injection parameters, resistance to possible unfavourable consequences resulting from the use of the fuel mixture. The studies were conducted on a chassis test house, at full engine’s loading. The vehicle placed on the test house’s rollers, was strapped with belts to the foundation, and then accelerated up to the specific speed and subjected to loading standing in place. In such a manner, the road conditions were simulated. The obtained results of the tests were subject to the statistical analysis. From their analysis it results, that application of the mixture lowers the engine’s parameters to a degree unnoticeable at the time of its operation.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 2; 239-244
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Transestrification of biofuel, yes but why?
Autorzy:: Sitnik, L. J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242003.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2008
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: transport
diesel engines
fuels
alternative fuels
biofuel
Opis:: This paper presents a novel way of utilizing alcohols as fuels for a diesel engine. It is proposed to use heavy alcohols as a mix with vegetable oils and conventional diesel fuel. It is presented the another way to use alcohols. Namely, the use of heavy alcohols as a solvent for vegetable oil (named the biomix or BM) and after the obtainment of the thickness, which would be approximate to diesel fuel, mixing the biomix with diesel fuel to obtained biomix diesel (BMD). This solution will be shown for example with butanol as heavy alcohol, rape oil as vegetable oil and conventional diesel fuel. The investigations are carried out with a simple diesel engine on the engine test bed. Main parameters of engine (power output, torque, specifically fuel consumption) and the main exhaust gas component (in this case CO, NOx, PM) will be investigated. There were better results achieved than one expected. Opposed to existing experiences, the maximum of power output and the torque of engine are higher in the whole range of the rotatory speed of the engine crankshaft when the engine biomix diesel (BMD) is reinforced. The addition of the component biomix to fuel influences the specific fuel consumption. Generally with the larger part of the component biomix the specific fuel consumption grows. Because the power of engine also grows up one should expect that in exploitation the specific fuel consumption should not increase. Transestrification process in the proposed solution does not appear. This has large economic meaning. The investment amount (the transestrification plant) is not necessary. The power consumption to get fuel is lower. Vegetable oils are fully used (glycerine is not produced). BMD has stable parameters. The usage of existing infrastructure to this transportation is enough. Very important is that this fuel could be used to reinforce old, existing now and the future diesel engines. The production of butanol is known. It will be interesting to use for the production an electrolysis process, especially in the proposed new plant where the electrolysis process is connected with the process to get the electrical energy from byproducts of electrolysis (i.e. hydrogen and oxygen) in the fuel cell. It seems to be more efficient. The possibility to get butanol from ethanol gives a very good perspective for the use of ethanol from today's overproduction and moreover without the essential change of infrastructure.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 4; 537-544
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: New European biofuels for diesel engines
Autorzy:: Sitnik, L. J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243532.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2008
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: transport
combustion engines
alternative fuels
biofuels
butanol
Opis:: The World is strongly dependent on crude oil for its transport needs. In order to diminish this dependence, we need to introduce clean, CO2-efficient, secure and affordable transportation fuels. The development of innovative biofuel technologies will help to cover significantly (up to 25% in Europe) road transport fuel needs. Biofuels production of 33 billion litres in 2004 is small compared to 1200 billion litres of gasoline produced annually worldwide. The current production of liquid biofuels in the EU 25 is about 2 Mtoe, which is less than 1% of the market. Recent assessments have concluded that the 2010 targets, 18 Mtoe used in the transport sector, are unlikely to be achieved. There can be three basic possibilities of accomplishing this target: i) use of alcohols (first of all ethanol) and their mixing with petrol; ii) use of fatty acids esters (methyl or ethyl) of vegetable oils and their mixing with diesel fuel, iii) use of synthetic hydrocarbons of the synthetic gas coming from biomass resources and eventually their mixing with other ,,classical" hydrocarbons. This paper presents a novel way of utilizing alcohols as fuels for a diesel engine. It is proposed to use heavy alcohols as a mix with conventional diesel fuel. The possibility to use a mix of butanol (as heavy alcohol) with conventional diesel fuel is demonstrated. Butanol has some key advantages over ethanol and light hydrocarbons (petrol), including higher energy content and better transport characteristics. Moreover, butanol is hydrophobic, so a new logistic infrastructure is not necessary. This paper demonstrates that a diesel-butanol fuel mixture is supplied to a diesel engine without any problems. A consumption of proposed biofuel mixture from +35% to -35% of typical diesel fuel depends on many factors not only on fuel energy density. A near-term effort of BP Biofuels and DuPont to develop and commercialize biobutanol is well-known. Here, it is proposed a new technological process combining electricity generation in fuel cells with electrolysis and a production of butanol from ethanol, which gives an opportunity to reduce today,'s over production of ethanol without a necessary change of existing infrastructure.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 3; 487-491
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Future of electric cars in the EU
Autorzy:: Gis, W
Waśkiewicz, J
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244969.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: cars
transport
carbon dioxide emissions
alternative drives
Opis:: The article presents scenarios for the EU and national development of passenger electric and hybrid cars. The forecast for 2030 of the shares of such vehicles in the total number of new passenger cars sold in various categories in the EU, has been presented. The expected carbon dioxide emissions for this time horizon, in so-called, life cycle of cars in the EU and in Poland, in relation to conventionally powered passenger cars and electric and hybrid cars, have also been presented The results of surveys conducted by the Motor Transport Institute on the interest of residents of the Polish agglomerations in the acquisition and operation of the electric cars in the coming years have been d. Questions and answers referred to the socio - demographic structure of the respondents and their households, the number of classes of the cars owned, monthly household income and self-evaluation of the quality of the income management. Also, the questions were asked about the ownership and extent of use (frequency of use of a car owned and the average annual mileage) and the criteria for the current and future choices of passenger cars (e.g. price class, purpose). The questions also concerned the technical and economic knowledge of electric cars (such as the impact on the natural environment, operating costs), as well as willingness to incur possible costs associated with the purchase of an electric car. The focus was also placed on getting to know the vulnerability of the consumers to the influence of the actions of the propaganda, administrative and economic nature, which may affect the consumers’ decisions concerning the purchase of electric cars and learning about the reasons for any reluctance to use such vehicles.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 2; 83-88
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Cars in the first years of 21st century
Autorzy:: Szczepaniak, C.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242723.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2007
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: transport
vehicles
ultra light automobiles
alternative cars
Opis:: The fact that we live in a new era of informational civilization compels us to fulfil new requirements also in the area of transportation and motorization. The paper deals with the problems of the cars of the first years of our century. Basic assumptions for the concepts of such cars are as follows: alternative forms of personal transportation are inevitable, cars must be environment friendly and friendly for human beings, and general design concept of the cars will not be changed. Some examples of such vehicles are presented using the concept of ultra light automobiles described by Q .R. Riley. The paper also describes "zero emission" cars and there are mentioned ideas of the vehicles with engines which are yet known in the sphere of science-fiction only. Design requirements for construction of future cars, ideas on construction of cars of the future as well as requirements which should realize motor vehicles friendly to humans and the environment, example solutions of various technical nature which can contribute to fulfilment of requirements imposed on SPNS and the proposal according to the author (R. Q. Riley) of Alternative cars in the 21st Century [3] are represented in the paper.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 4; 487-492
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Knock combustion in dual fuel diesel engine
Autorzy:: Żółtowski, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242833.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: road transport
IC engines
alternative fuels
combustion process in engine
Opis:: This article presents the problem of the knock combustion in a dual fuel compression engine, in which additional fuel besides diesel oil was compressed natural gas (CNG). CNG was injected into the engine intake system and mixed with air supplying the engine. In this paper described the reasons of knock combustion, which occur with more intensity with the increase of methane content in engine fuel. The phenomenon of knock combustion in the dual fuel engine is difficult to eliminate, often impossible to avoid, and it forms a barrier limiting increase of methane share in the fuel. Also, this article contains the results of engine indicating and discussion on changes in the indicating diagrams caused by knock combustion. Carried out tests included engine indicating and numerical calculation of indicator diagrams with using spectral analysis and filtering cylinder pressure signals with high-pass filters. As a result of this calculation, several parameters describing intensity of knock combustion were determined. They allow to tell taking into account only cylinder pressure analysis if there is knock combustion inside engine combustion chamber or not. Knocking is an undesirable type of combustion in the engine, leading to excessive thermal and mechanical loading of the engine parts, causing premature wear of them. For this reason, this type of combustion should be eliminated from the engine operation and researchers of combustion processes must be provided with tools to detect and determine this kind of combustion.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 547-553
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Reduction emission level of harmful components exhaust gases by means of control of parameters influencing on spraying process of biofuel components for aircraft engines
Autorzy:: Jankowski, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245547.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: transport
aircraft engines
alternative fuels
fuel atomization
exhaust gas emissions
Opis:: The aim of the research is to test the fuel additives which decrease dimensions of atomised fuel drops, by applying changes to the specific parameters which impact the atomisation process. Those parameters include density, surface tension, viscosity and the viscosity index. Dimensions of drops of biofuels are much bigger compared to hydrocarbon fuels. By modifying the physical and chemical parameters of biofuels, dimensions of drops in an atomised fuel stream should become smaller. Those dimensions play a major role for the level of emissions of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide, as well as mainly nitrogen oxides and particulates. The research on emissions of toxic components of fuel is relatively advanced today in the field of piston combustion engines, especially for use in car vehicles. However, the dynamic development of the air transport brings more pressure on the issue of toxic emissions in the case of aircraft engines. The level of toxic emissions from aircraft engines may be from ten up to even several thousand times greater than the level of emissions from piston engines. The issue of how biofuel additives can affect the process of fuel atomisation and thus enable the control over the atomisation to obtain the smallest possible drops leading to reduced nitrogen oxides emissions is a new and original issue. The reduced nitrogen oxides emissions in the case of biofuels is of utmost significance because, according to latest knowledge, those levels are increasing.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 3; 129-134
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Investigation of combustion process in dual fuel diesel engine
Autorzy:: Żółtowski, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247295.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: road transport
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
alternative fuels
combustion
Opis:: In this paper are presented results of dual fuel diesel engine bench testing carried out by author. The engine was fuelled parallel with two fuels. The second, additional fuel was compressed natural gas (CNG). CNG was injected into engine inlet system before inlet to engine turbocharger. There was installed a pressure transducer in one of engine cylinders and cylinder pressure was registered at the time of testing. There is discussed place and way of pressure sensor installation and impact on quality of indicating signals of the channel connecting the transducer with combustion chamber. The carried out investigations included measurement of emissions and engine indicating completed with the heat release characteristics. There was considered influence of CNG on CO, NOx, THC and NMHC emissions, especially how pollutant emissions depend on the share of methane in fuel. The effect of using natural gas as an additional fuel injected to regular CI engine on heat release rate was investigated, as well as its rate and duration. Discussed the differences between combustion of methane and diesel oil and ways of spreading flames into air-fuel mixture for these two mixed fuels The processes of combustion of diesel oil and methane are totally different. The study searches for the limits of methane content due to knocking combustion. Additive of methane to the diesel fuel is a reason of retarded heat release, decrease of engine efficiency, greater fuel consumption and changes in emissions corresponding to the lag of self-ignition
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 2; 303-309
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Tyre pyrolysis oil as an engine fuel
Autorzy:: Żółtowski, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247415.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: road transport
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
alternative fuels
combustion
Opis:: Tests have been carried out to evaluate the performance, emissions and heat release characteristics of a double cylinder direct injection diesel engine fuelled with tyre pyrolysis oil and diesel oil. The combustion parameters such as heat release rate, cylinder peak pressure, maximum rate of cylinder pressure, combustion knocking were also analysed. For purposes of this work raw pyrolysis oil was derived from waste vehicle tyres through vacuum pyrolysis realized in experimental installation. Results showed that the brake thermal efficiency of the engine fuelled with pyrolysis oil increased. THC, CO and CO2 emissions were found to be higher due to high aromatic content and longer ignition delay, whereas NOx shows increasing tendency due to greater heat release rate. The cylinder peak pressure did not change. The ignition delay became greater what can be the reason of problems with combustion knocking. Pyrolysis oil has a mass fraction of individual elements similar to diesel fuel but the chemical composition of hydrocarbons included in these fuels is different. The product of pyrolysis contains too much soot, sulphur, light and heavy hydrocarbons fractions for direct using it in engine. Aromatics content gives this fuel a distinctive smell. Pyrolysis oil is toxic and dangerous in use due to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). However raw pyrolysis oil is not suitable to use it as a CI fuel and requires additional distillation before using it in diesel engines as an alternative fuel in the future.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 1; 295-302
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Comparison of unburnt hydrocarbon emissions for diesel engines fueled by diesel oil and rapeseed fuel
Autorzy:: Rusin, M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245894.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2009
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: transport
CI internal combustion engines
motor fuels
alternative fuels
toxic exhaust emissions
Opis:: The article presents the results of the of the HC emissions composition for the compression ignition - diesel engine fuelled with rapeseed fuel (a mixture of methyl esters of fatty acids - RSME). The investigations were conducted on a turbocharged, four-cylinder compression-ignition engine type T370 (of 80 hW power at 2400 rpm engine speed and maximum torque of 400 Nm at 1440 rpm engine speed, with bore/stroke 110 mm /l20 mm, displacement volume 4560 cm3, compression ratio 17). For the exhaust toxicity investigations the eauipment of Signal and AVL companies was used, and for composition of nonregulated hydrocarbons emissions investigations the Hewlett Packard Company chromatograph type HP-5890II was used. The investigations were conducted under engine full load at maximum torque speed and for engine rotational speed of the rated power. Chromatographic test for emissions were collected using special equipment and special procedures. The article presents the results of chromatographic investigations focusedon: benzene, toluene and acetaldehyde. It was found that the percentage of emission of individual components in the total emissions of HC was independent of the fuel used. However, due to the fact that in the case of rape fuel, emission of unburned HC was smaller and smaller were the absolute amounts of emissions components. Thus, emissions from combustion of rape fuel are less harmful than emissions from the engine fuelled with diesel oil.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 4; 549-555
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: Material recovery as an opportunity of immediate introduction of eco-friendly transport system (vehicles)
Autorzy:: Wojciechowski, A.
Wołosiak, M.
Doliński, A.
Pietrzak, K.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244327.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: road transport
material recovery
environmental protection
thermolysis
alternative fuels
transport drogowy
odzysk materiału
ochrona środowiska
termoliza
paliwa alternatywne
Opis:: The article presents an analysis of the need to introduce pro-ecological solutions at the fuel sector of industry, resulting from dynamic economic development, and environment protection requirements. The forecasts on the number of vehicles in the world and the subsequent growth of interest in alternative fuels are presented. The advantages of using these fuels as compared to petroleum fuels and electricity are described. The presented analysis emphasizes the context of EU legislation on environmental requirements. At the same time, it was pointed out the need to obtain the required technical and energy characteristics of alternative fuels, the competitive costs of their production, and important environmental aspects. Taking into account these premises and the principle of circular economy closed circuit, alternative fuels from organic waste, in particular from enormous amounts of organic non-biodegradable wastes (packaging, multi-material fabric, rubber, tires) were proposed. It has been shown that thermal decomposition by thermolysis, described briefly in the article, can be a method suitable for a wide economic application within the alternative fuel production system. Based on literature data and own experience, it has been found that the quality of fuels (oil, gas) obtained from the thermal decomposition of organic and mixed waste is not different from the requirements for the best quality raw materials used in the production of petrol and may even exceed the properties of petroleum. Introduction of the system of regional production and distribution of alternative fuels from waste could be remarkable driver of small towns and rural areas revitalization and development, while supporting build up and improvement of local communities.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 1; 465-474
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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