Autor: Walkowiak, W. - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: The effect of Pt active coating application inside diesel engine on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) emission
Autorzy:: Janicka, A
Walkowiak, W.
Szczepaniak, W.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244056.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2008
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: active coating
catalyst
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
diesel engine
Opis:: Application of active coating inside of an self-ignition engine may have an important impact on several stages of combustion process: fuel cracking, fore-flame phase, combustion phase and secondary combustion phase [7]. Investigations of such construction are very rare in the literature - especially of hydrocarbons emission. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to have mutagenic and carcinogenic effect on humans [2, 6, 7]. One of the most important anthropogenic sources of these substances is motorization (especially diesel engines). The paper presents results of measurements of PAHs emissions from SB3.1 self-ignition engine with Pt active coating application inside. The catalyst was applied on engine valves surface. Zirconium ceramic was chosen as a coating for catalyst application (also because of its thermo-insulating properties). Because of unstable parameters of self-ignition engine work (pressure and temperature jumps), PAHs were extracted from two phases: gas phase and solid phase (particle matter - PM). A chromatographic method of PAHs identification and analysis, because of their low level of concentration in exhaust gases, needed to be supported by sample purification and enrichment stages [40]. It has been found that a significant decrease of total toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentration in engine exhaust gases for engine with Pt catalyst application. The catalyst application causes also changes in relative concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 2; 131-136
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Inert catalyst in compression ignition engine-VOCs emission
Autorzy:: Janicka, A.
Walkowiak, W.
Szczepaniak, W.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244311.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2007
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: combustion engine
inert catalyst
VOCs
compression ignition engine emission
Opis:: The volatile organic compounds (VOC's) are significant group o air pollution emitted during fuel combustion in diesel engines. This research work is continuation of research where the influence of an inert catalyst on toxic emission from a self-ignition engine has been investigated. In particular volatile organic compounds VOC's emissions which are known to have mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, have been studied. The experimental results show that implementation of catalytic coating on chosen elements of diesel engine causes change of percentage participation of particular compounds in their sum and decrease of their concentration. The analysis of chosen compounds (benzene and formaldehyde) shows that the modification which was proposed causes increase of concentration of those substances when engine works in specific conditions, what is connected with change of engine exhaust toxicity and decrease in PAHs concentration, what is connected with toxicity decrease in exhaust gases. In particularly research work stand, the comparison of total VOC's concentration with and without catalytic coating, the comparison of benzene concentration, the comparison of formaldehyde concentration, the comparison of toxicity level with and without catalytic coating are presented in the paper.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 4; 127-131
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: The effect of Pt internal catalyst on relative carcinogenic coefficient (RCC) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from diesel engine
Autorzy:: Janicka, A.
Walkowiak, W.
Szczepaniak, W.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247594.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2008
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: internal catalyst
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
relative carcinogenic coefficient
diesel engine
Opis:: One of the main anthropogenic sources of PAHs emission is motorization, especially compression ignition engines. The researches of International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) proved that some compounds from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons group are toxic for live organisms and cause damages of adrenal glands, lymphatic, circulation and respiratory systems. Because of carcinogenic properties and common occurrence in human environment benzo(a)pirene has been accepted as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons indicator. In relation to benzo(a)pirene, Nisbet and LaGoy determined relative carcinogenic coefficients (RCC) for individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The paper presents results of analysis of PAHs RCC emitted from SB3.1 self-ignition engine with Pt active coating application inside. The catalyst was applied on engine valves surface. Zirconium ceramic was chosen as a coating for catalyst application (also because of its thermo-isolating properties). Because of unstable parameters of self-ignition engine work (pressure and temperature jumps), PAHs were extracted from two phases: gas phase and solid phase (particle matter - PM). A chromatographic method of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons identification and analysis, because of their low level of concentration in exhaust gases, needed to be supported by sample purification and enrichment stages. It has been found that implementation of catalytic coating on valves of the engine causes decrease of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentration in exhaust gases, what results in decrease (in most cases) of the sum of relative carcinogenic coefficient of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 3; 209-213
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Inert catalyst in compersion ignition engine - pahs emission
Autorzy:: Janicka, A.
Walkowiak, W.
Szczepaniak, W.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243393.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2007
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: inert catalyst
PAHs
compression ignition engine emission
Opis:: In this research work the influence of an inert catalyst on toxic emission from a self-ignition engine has been investigated. In particular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) emissions, which are known to have mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, have been studied. The experimental results show that implementation of catalytic coating on chosen elements of diesel engine causes decrease in pahs concentration, what is connected with toxicity decrease in exhaust gases. The inert catalyst application (active coating on research engine glow plugs) is very advantageous for decrease of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) concentration in engine exhaust gases, especially on idle running. The applied modification of engine combustion space causes significant decrease of exhaust toxicity. Because of high effectiveness in pahs concentration and toxicity decrease it is recommended to continue the researches and extend them by various physical-chemical modifications of catalytic layers. The paper research work stand containing engine test house, engine with a break, fuel reservoir, NO, CO and smoke level analyzers, filter, tube with active coal, exhaust gases uptake system and engine control system. The pahs concentration marked in idle running diesel engine in two states of engine work, pahs concentration marked in diesel engine and the total pahs concentration in engine exhaust gases and pahs toxicity in engine exhaust gases for two engine loads are presented in the paper.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 3; 227-232
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Method of analysis of measurement result cohesion with the theory of mathematical record using and concentrations analysis
Metoda analizy spójności wyników pomiarów z wykorzystaniem teorii ewidencji matematycznej i analizy skupień
Autorzy:: Topolska, K.
Walkowiak, W.
Topolski, M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243097.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2007
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: modelowanie
trwałość
Dempster- Shafer
statystyka
modelling
durability
Dempster-Shafer theory
Statistica
Opis:: This study presents method of selection the most coherent, repeatable in time, results of researches. Firstly, a possible of application of concentration analysis for detection of variable or dependent variable, which results are different from other variables, is presented. Because some results of the same variable in time periods could influence on increase of results standard error, for such points detection, measure using mathematic filing system theory, Spearman's correlation ordinal ranks and weight of information contradiction, in sense of Dampster-Shafer theory, are proposed. The obtained measure cause decrease of results standard errors by selection and removal of measure points which influence on validity scales decrease. Example-results of the measurement, the analysis of concentrations for variable Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4, results of the normalization for each result of measurements, average values of measurement for all received results BZ and for selected MODELS, results of measurement marked curves of average data for all BZ measurements and measurement selected of MODEL least standard-errors are presented in the paper.
W artykule zastała przedstawiona metoda doboru najbardziej spójnych wyników pomiarów powtarzanych w czasie. W pierwszej części zaprezentowano możliwość zastosowania analizy skupień do wykrycia zmiennej bądź zmiennych zależnych, których wyniki różnią się od pozostałych zmiennych. Ponieważ niektóre wyniki pomiarów tej samej zmiennej w odstępach czasu mogą wpływać na zwiększanie błędu standardowego wyników, więc w celu wykrycia takich punktów zaproponowano miarę wykorzystującą teorię ewidencji matematycznej, korelację rang porządkowych Spearmana i wagę sprzeczności informacji w sensie teorii Dempstera-Shafera. Uzyskana miara pozwoliła na obniżenie błędów standardowych pomiarów, przez wyselekcjonowanie i usunięcie punktów pomiarowych, które wpływają na zmniejszenie rzetelności skal. W szczególności w artykule przedstawiono przykładowe wyniki pomiaru, analiza skupień dla zmiennych Y1, Y2, Y3 i Y4, wyniki normalizacji dla poszczególnych wyników pomiarów, uśrednione wartości pomiarów dla wszystkich otrzymanych wyników BZ i dla wyselekcjonowanych MODELI, wyniki pomiarów wraz z naniesionymi krzywymi uśrednienia danych dla wszystkich pomiarów BZ i pomiarów wyselekcjonowanych o najmniejszych błędach standardowych MODELI.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 2; 521-528
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Heat release in spark ignition engine with internal catalyst
Autorzy:: Andrych-Zalewska, M.
Walkowiak, W. W.
Kolanek, C.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245329.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: heat release
catalyst
spark ignition
pressure
Opis:: In the present work there have been shown the results of initial researches concerning heat release process in the spark ignition engine with inner catalyst. There has been presented the calculative model of heat release process and calculative methodology leading to obtaining temperature course, combustion function and its derivative because of measured course of combustion pressure. The pressure courses, which are necessary for calculations, were obtained on the measure seat with AD 1600 engine that is load with eddy- current brake. The engine was equipped with spark plug with miniature pressure sensor f-my Kistler, and the courses of pressure were recorded by the use of f-my Smetec apparatus. The courses of heat release process were analysed in rotations of n=1500 rotations/min and n=3000 rotations/minute and load of 50 Nm and 70 Nm. The analysis was made comparatively for the system with the catalyst and without catalyst. In the work there have been presented the results of experimental and model researches which aim was the analysis of the issue of influencing the catalytic active surfaces placed in the spark ignition engine combustion space. Those surfaces, catalysing the process of creating combustible mixture and its combustion, influence the combustion process course and, simultaneously, have impact on the engine work parameters and the heat release course.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 4; 7-14
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: The effect of waterin emulsion fuel on nitric oxides concentration in diesel engine exhausts
Wpływ dodatku wody w paliwie emulsyjnym na stężenie tlenków azotu w spalinach silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym
Autorzy:: Kolanek, Cz.
Kułażyński, M.
Sroka, Z.
Walkowiak, W.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245674.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2009
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: silnik spalinowy
paliwo
emulsja wodna
tlenki
combustion engines
fuel
water-emulsion
nitric oxides
Opis:: Nitric oxides (NO) concentration in exhaust gases of self-ignition engine is a result of air usage for hydrocarbon fuel compounds oxidation in combustion process. The methods of limitation of NOx concentration based on adjusting optimization of injection advance angle and they are responsible for aim conflict in exhaust smokiness sphere. The progressive expectation of European Union, defined by Euro V and still discussable Euro VI implementation, caused a necessary of reaching for solutions apart from an engine like exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and diesel particle filters - DPF. The method of water addition (especially the most effective - in water-fuel emulsion form) to combustion process has been known since years. This paper presents the results of the researches which aim was to investigate nitric oxides concentration in exhausts of one-cylinder self-ignition engine (typeS301D)fueled l0%, 20%, 30% water-emulsion fuel. Using of emulsion cut down emission nitric oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide and smoking of an engine with relation to fuelled with diesel oil. Using of the fuel containing 20% H2O cut down emission NO approx. 61%, emission NOx approx.67%, carbon monoxide approx. 20% with relation to fuelled with diesel oil.
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu zasilania silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym (typu S301D) paliwem emulsyjnym, zawierającym 10, 20 i 30% wody. Obserwowano stężenia tlenku azotu i tlenków azotu, tlenku węgla oraz dymienie silnika. W celu porównania efektów wyznaczono emisje jednostkowe poszczególnych wielkości i odniesiono je do takich wielkości wyznaczonych dla handlowego oleju napędowego. W przypadku NOx i CO zaobserwowano ekstremum efektu dla zawartości 20% wody; w przypadku dymienia silnika maksymalny efekt odpowiada maksymalnemu udziałowi wody w paliwie. Użycie paliwa emulsyjnego obniża emisję tlenków azotu (NO), tlenku węgla (CO) i dymienie silnika (S) w stosunku do zasilania olejem napędowym. W obszarze tlenku azotu (NO) użycie paliwa zawierającego 20% H2O spowodowało obniżenie emisji NO do poziomu 61% w stosunku do zasilania olejem napędowym. W obszarze tlenku węgla (CO) użycie paliwa zawierającego 20% H2O obniża emisję do poziomu 20% w stosunku do zasilania silnika olejem napędowym W obszarze tlenków azotu (NO) użycie paliwa zawierającego 20% H2O obniżyło emisję NOx do poziomu 67% w stosunku do zasilania olejem napędowym.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 4; 227-232
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: The impact of active ceramic coating implementation on gasoline engine exhaust toxicity
Autorzy:: Janicka, A. B.
Walkowiak, W.
Sobianowska-Turek, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243998.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2010
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: inner catalyst
exhaust toxicity
internal combustion engine
exhausts toxicity
Opis:: One of the ways for toxic emissions reduction from internal combustion engines, beside external Exhaust purification systems and alternative fuels, is direct intervention into engine combustion process. The inner catalyst application, in form of ceramic active coating applied inside of combustion chamber, is one of the examples of that kind of solution. The application of active coating inside of a compression-ignition engine (diesel engine) may have an important impact on several stages of combustion process: fuel cracking, fore-flame phase, combustion phase and secondary combustion phase. Investigations of such construction are very rare in the literature. The paper presents the results of the researches which aim was analysis of inner catalyst application impact on toxic emissions. As a catalyst platinum and rhodium was used. As a catalyst support and local thermal barrier a zirconium ceramic coating was used. The catalyst was located on the gasoline engine valves surface. The research was done in Emission Research Laboratory of the Division of Motor Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engines. The analysis was done according to European standard (EN ISO 16017-1: 2006) on gas chromatograph (Yarian 450 GC) equipped in capillary column and flame-ionization detector (FID). The results of the researches proofed effectiveness of that solution on toxic emissions limitation.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 3; 149-154
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Potential non-toxic aqueous emulsion as a diesel fuel
Autorzy:: Haller, P.
Jankowski, A.
Kolanek, C.
Walkowiak, W.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244342.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: emulsions
water
diesel engine
nitrogen oxides
emissions
Opis:: Natural processes occurring on Earth (fires, volcanic eruptions) and human activity in the area of acquisition and processing of energy, is the cause of the continuous contaminating the atmosphere of combustion products. The combustion of fuels is and will be in the near future primary means of generating energy, including for transportation purposes. Transport is the cause of many environmental threats - emits dust and particles along with many of gaseous harmful substances and also noise and vibration. Power sources used for transport are almost exclusively equipped with internal combustion engines, among which is dominated by a diesel engines. In view of the known advantages of these motors such as high efficiency and relatively low emissions of toxic compounds in the exhaust gas, they have been accepted as the most preferred source of power motor vehicles in the coming decades, assuming that meet the requirements of future regulations regarding environmental protection. The problem to be solved in internal combustion engines is the emission of nitrogen oxides. In this paper are contained an overview of proven methods and results in the reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases by means of emulsion fuels, and forming an opinion concerning of the usefulness of such solutions in the future.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 3; 43-48
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Numeric modelling of fumes flow in exhaust manifold of the combustion engine
Autorzy:: Andrych, M.
Sitnik, L.J.
Tkaczyk, M.
Walkowiak, W.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949509.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: combustion engine
exhaust manifold
fumes flow
numeric modelling
Opis:: In the paper there is presented the methodology of researches as well as the numeric researches results, which aim is the analysis of fumes flow parameters in the exhaust manifold in the diesel engine, particularly the velocity, the temperatures and the turbulence of gas. It has been presented that the research methodology depending on three dimensional model of air flow in the outlet systems with the application of standard numeric methods based on the principles of conservation of: mass, energy and momentum can be the way of researches. The model may be to be the basis for performing changes in geometry of outlet system concerning minimizing the flow losses and shaping the field of velocity. The model enables of calculations of outlet system of internal combustion engines on the stage of its construction. Results show that the numerical simulations methods are one of the possible to use for achievements of investigations low costs, especially that the hardware engine parts must be not prepared. Inter alia, complete model of exhaust manifold, model of fluid volume fitting in the manifold with the numbers of ducting, the grid with applied edge conditions, linear outline of static pressure on the walls of exhaust manifold, total pressure, tension, distribution of total temperature, distribution of fluid velocity on the walls, turbulence intensity are presented in the paper.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 9-14
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: Research of water - fuel microemulsions as fuel for diesel engine
Autorzy:: Haller, P.
Jankowski, A.
Kolanek, Cz.
Walkowiak, W. W.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246514.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: road transport
combustion engines
emulsion's fuels
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:: The combustion of fuels is and will be in the nearest future a basic way of acquiring the energy, among others, for transport purposes. Transport causes many threats for natural environment. It produces powders and particulates, together with many gaseous noxious substances and is also the source of noise and vibrations. Sources of propulsion, applied in transport, are almost exclusively piston-combustion engines, among which the dominant role play self-ignition engines. In the light of well-known advantages of these engines, they were accepted as most beneficial sources of car vehicles' propulsion in nearest decades, provided they meet the requirements of the future legal regulations regarding the environmental protection. The emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matters (PM) is a problem to be solved in modern engines. This constitutes so called targets conflict, consisting in excluding the alternative of both coefficients’ decrease, in the way of regulation the set of an engine and the limiting emissions, permitted by the EURO regulations. From among many different methods of limiting both the formation and emission of NOx, the method of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is universally applied. This method requires special installation with the catalyst and the reservoir intended for the "clinically" clean reductive measure. In the aspect of constituting opinions regarding the need of reducing additional installations and media on board the vehicle, it seems that to supply the engine with fuel-water emulsion and especially fuel-water microemulsion becomes an interesting solution.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 3; 165-170
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in diesel exhausts
Autorzy:: Janicka, A.
Walkowiak, W.
Tkaczyk, M.
Czarny, A.
Zaczyńska, E.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245718.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2009
Wydawca:: Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
exhaust toxicity
Opis:: The paper presents results of analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentration and toxicity emitted from 1,9 TDI self-ignition. Because of unstable parameters of self-ignition engine work (pressure and temperature jumps), PAHs were extracted from two phases: gas phase and solid phase (particle matter - PM). A chromatographic method (Capillary gas Chromatography) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons identification and analysis, because of their low level of concentration in exhaust gases, needed to be supported by sample purification and enrichment stages. Calibration of the chromatograph was made by attested mixture of 16 model samples (according to EPA, USA). Two different methods for toxicity estimation was used in this researches. The authors used relative carcinogenic coefficients (RCC) which was determined by Nisbet and LaGoy for individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in relation to benzo(a)pirene. Samples consist PAHs was also tested for cytotoxicity in standardized cell-culture system (human cell line A549, mouse fibroblasts line cell L929). Cell growth, cell morphology and cell viability were used as parameters to determine the cytotoxicity of the materials. The measure the lethality effect on cells was determined spectrophotometrically with the use of a mitochondrial enzyme activity assay for mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT assay). Cells were exposed to the biomaterials for 24, 72 and 120 h. The results of in vitro tests are discussible. A lach of correlation between toxicity measurement methods which was used in these researches was observed.
Źródło:: Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 4; 195-199
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:: Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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