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Wyszukujesz frazę "Kowalski" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola


Tytuł:
Safe speed of a passenger car in circular motion
Autorzy:
Kowalski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949510.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
driving safety
vehicle motion
curvilinear track
Opis:
In this paper, selected elements of the theory of the car's motion were presented. It was emphasised that it is extremely important to know the rules of behaviour of a car in curvilinear motion, an example of which is a curve, especially when driving in adverse weather conditions resulting in the significant reduction of the car's traction to the surface. The active electronic stability programme (ESP) of the car's trajectory, its principle of operation and benefits of use were briefly discussed. The next part was to present the basics of the mechanics of a vehicle's motion, especially the forces acting on a car during its stop phase, the forces acting on the curve of the road. On this basis, the basic equilibrium equations were presented, which in turn led to defining the correlation for determining the so-called safe speed of driving in circular motion, which also guarantees the impossibility of the cars skidding. In the further part, the calculations, in accordance with the BMW 320d car's data were made. Hypothetically, it was assumed that this car might have only a front-wheel drive, only a rear-wheel drive or a four-wheel drive. The idea was to check to what extent the type of drive has an impact on the achieved value of the safe speed of driving in the circular motion with a minimum turning radius for this vehicle. The article was completed with short conclusions, in which the importance of the electronic stability programme (ESP) of the car's trajectory was emphasised.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 273-280
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Environmental pollution caused by a direct injection engine
Autorzy:
Jankowski, A.
Kowalski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243382.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
In the paper, the authors made an analysis of mechanisms of the toxic components formation of exhaust gases in the direct injection engines. The genesis as well as the typical engine construction solution with the use of direct injection in diesel engines and these with positive ignition was developed. The typical construction solution of the Common Rail (CR) system, which is one of many elements increasing the purity of exhaust gases, was also presented. The basic advantages of direct injection, especially in case of the positive ignition engine, were also briefly described. Then, the mechanism for the formation of toxic components of exhaust gases in the direct injection diesel engines was presented. Moreover, the definition and dependency on the indicated mean effective pressure were shown, and the closed indicator graph, which is indispensable to calculate values of this pressure, was also (graphically) presented. In this paper, the mechanisms and processes, with the use of which it is possible to reduce the emission of toxic components of exhaust gases, were quoted. The exhaust gas recirculation with the EGR valve, which allows supplying the exact amount of gases to the engine inlet system, is such an example. The advantages of using this type of solutions were described, and a typical construction solution was presented in the diagram. The paper was completed with a conclusion, which emphasised the importance of direct injection on reducing the emission of toxic components of exhaust gases.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 4; 133-138
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Armoured vehicles brakes tests
Autorzy:
Skorupka, Z.
Kajka, R.
Kowalski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247094.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road transport
simulation
armoured vehicles
brakes
brake pads
Opis:
Armoured vehicles are nowadays important part of modern army's equipment. Reliability of armoured vehicles is a key feature in safety of transported staff and goods. Due to high mass of these vehicles there is a real problem with optimal brake systems which should be efficient enough in order to maintain as short as possible braking distance and have acceptable manufacturing and maintenance costs. Except for military use, there is a large market for armoured vehicles civilian use by rich or influential persons, security companies and banks. Civilian use of the armoured vehicles generates problems of moving on public roads with all restrictions for brake systems which are required by law. Brakes verification is a difficult and time consuming process due to many circumstances which must be taken into account during tests. Brake tests should be done on many levels including laboratory tests made on samples, laboratory tests made on fully assembled brakes and finally tests made with use of fully prepared vehicle both in laboratory and in real life conditions. Following work will show selected issues of such test path, which was made by Institute of Aviation Landing Gear Department.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 4; 449-455
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Simulation studies of micro air vehicle
Autorzy:
Sibilski, K.
Zyluk, A.
Kowalski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244124.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
construction of micro air vehicles
simulation studies
Opis:
In the paper, we presented results of analysis of Micro Air Vehicle MAV stability on high Angle of Attack (AOA) by application continuation methods and bifurcation theory. Moreover, it presented two main tasks accomplished – performance analysis carried out, as well as numerical studies in order to find possible simplifications drive model, suitable for further design and analysis. This paper shows the typical MAV construction and their characteristics. Then presented results of calculations of necessary and required power (for CR3516 motor). The results shown in the Figure. The next step of MAV performance examination was calculations of dynamics stability and controllability of open loop system. Also shown state, and control matrixes for the longitudinal motion. Roots loci and open loop dynamics analysis for longitudinal motion are shown in the Figures. The next shown few function such as transfer function for the input (longitudinal velocity), transfer function for the pitch angular rate q input and for the lateral motion, state, and control matrices, etc. At the end shown results of simulations for dynamic response of MAV flight disturbance is shown in the Figure. The paper concluded short motions.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 4; 243-252
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Complex management system of the aviation training process
Autorzy:
Jemielniak, M.
Kowalski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245390.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
aviation training system
pilot training
pilot education system
Opis:
This paper concerns the issue of management and assessment of the aviation training process, which takes into account the elements changing over time: the state of training, its level, quality and mechanisms rationalising the organisational activities and costs. The elements of the complex management system of the aviation training process, which includes probabilistic models for projecting the reliable, safe and effective aviation training, taking into account the requirements imposed by rules, standards and regulations of civil and military aviation, were discussed. In general, its structure, internal modules and exemplary tables of the analysis and assessment of the aviation personnel updates and the validity of permissible breaks during flight by aviation personnel. A schematic diagram of introducing the input data, main parameters, statistical data and expected results in the form of the training schedule, the schedule of the aircraft necessary moving, indicators of the training analysis and assessment, safety and reliability, were mentioned. The mathematical notations of input data and examples of the offered training indicator of aviation personnel were presented. The criterion global function, which exposes the maximisation of the aviation personnel training, as well as the maximisation of the performed flying time of a given type of aircraft, and the minimisation of operating costs of the specific aviation training, was determined. The paper was completed with a conclusion that shows the advantages of the proposed complex management system of the aviation training process.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 3; 233-240
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermal state simulation for cylinder of marine two stroke engine
Autorzy:
Kowalski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244344.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
marine two-stroke engines
modelling
radiosity
heat transfer
Opis:
This paper deals with the modelling of heat flow through cylinder liner structural components of a two-stroke engine. Especially, I paid attention to simulating temperature distribution for the wet cylinder liner. Multidimensional equations for the transient heat conduction with the Dirichlet and Fourier boundary conditions have been applied. In particularly, local values for the convective and radiative heat transfer coefficients using the Fourier boundary conditions determined in space of cylinder volume are applied. In order to determine the temperature distribution for the considered space, the radiosity method is used. Simulation results have been presented in the form of a temperature field for cylinder liner structural components depending on the crankshaft position angle. Application of the iterative calculation method for solving differential equations of energy balance allowed me to use software easy to get. I carried out all iterative computations using MSEXCEL spreadsheet. This way, I could decrease the simulation cost significantly. The simplicity of such an approach allowed me to apply the obtained results for visualization of the conduction heat transfer phenomena occurring in a cylinder of working marine engine. The presented approach could be used for the development of ship machinery simulators as well.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 4; 209-216
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Organization of the highway strip repair process
Autorzy:
Ćwik, D.
Olkowska, E.
Kowalski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949503.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
highway strip
airfields
airstrips
runway repair processes
Opis:
The article presents the possibilities of advance development of detailed organization-technical plans for the repair of Highway Strips, which will enable their effective use, particularly during combat operations – while maintaining the required time and technical standards at the same time. The main objectives of Highway Strips were presented; their role in securing military aviation activities and historical conditions for their creation. The concept of HS (Highway Strip) was defined along with the modern principles for their construction, modernization and renovation. Based on a selected example, the principles for evaluating the technical condition of their pavement and the repair possibility assessment were presented. At the same time, typical damage to HSs and factors affecting such damage were presented. Next, the methods and technologies for repairing various types of bituminous pavement damage repairs were discussed, with particular emphasis on the methods of repairing cracks, surface damage, deep damage and asphalt renovation. A schedule for the “Wielbark” highway strip was also developed, and the necessary calculations of the repair times, as well as the resources and resources for securing these operations were made. The article is concluded with a short summary and a proposal for further work, aimed at inhibiting the destructive processes of Highway Strips in Poland.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 3; 111-120
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Environmental protection and technical tests of military off-road trucks
Autorzy:
Kowalski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949508.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
diagnostics
military vehicles
systems responsible
polluting the environment
Opis:
This paper presents the most vital parts of technical tests of military vehicles in relation to environmental protection. The presented method is based on the most popular military off-road truck of the Star 1466 type. It includes a diagram showing the parts of the test of this vehicle from the perspective of environmental protection whose sequence is not imposed. What is solely required is that all these parts are executed - in accordance with the applicable provisions. For this purpose, the paper presents the methodology (whose major parts are described) of testing the vehicle complying with the requirements of environmental protection. Furthermore, it outlines the process of checking leakages of exploitation fluids, smoke opacity, measurement of external noise of this vehicle and the measurement of the level of an acoustic signal. The description of particular checks is based on the applicable provisions and regulations, as well as on typical and commonly available measuring instruments. It is stressed how important it is to maintain and follow the technical parameters - concerning the systems (units) responsible for polluting the environment - which are required by particular provisions and regulations. In the conclusions, the most crucial documents governing the organization of stations used for testing military vehicles, as well as methods and necessary equipment, have been presented.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 4; 263-272
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Adaptive jet engines, advantages and application opportunities
Autorzy:
Kowalski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245535.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
combustion engine
adaptation engine
parameters of the engine air
Opis:
The paper has been intended to shortly describe the design of an adaptive jet engine, commonly termed 'the bypass engine'. Examples have been presented of how the bleeding of air affects the most essential engine performance characteristics, i.e. thrust, specific fuel consumption, and efficiency. Pointed out are economic advantages (only slight) of the application of this design as compared to the one-pass turbojet engine with no bleed. Furthermore, considered are capabilities to adapt an engine design of the bypass type for a one-pass turbojet engine K-15 as one of several upgrade opportunities. Simulation-based computations have proved, however, that there are some limitations on the bleed air amount and initial engine operational range for the accomplishment of the idea from the standpoint of capabilities to maintain conditions for the compressor-turbine matching. Also, the effect of this type of air bleeding upon the engine running-up process and the change in the running-up time for this type of the upgraded engine has been shown. In the Recapitulation and Conclusions section a mention has been made on the amount of bleed air to be passed through external channels from behind the compressor to behind the turbine: the bleed air amount increases as the total rate of the air flow along the engine flow path increases. It means that better effects of applying this type of air bleeding processes are gained in large engines. Presented are also capabilities of further developments and applications.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 3; 161-168
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of automotive vehicle braking system failure on driving safety
Autorzy:
Kowalski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244871.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
car diagnostics
braking system
driving safety
Opis:
The paper describes systems responsible for driving safety of vehicles weighing up to 3.5 t. It is focused on selected failures (fouling) of braking systems that are typical during motor cars operation. Simulation testing regarding effect of selected failures (fouling) of braking system elements on braking force and braking efficiency were performed. In order to perform such testing, author of the paper worked out the methodology of testing which is also described here. The test results (partial) are displayed as tables and charts. The negative effect of selected failures on braking force and braking efficiency index is influencing directly on motor cars driving safety. It is also emphasized that it is important to maintain and observe automotive manufacturers’ technical requirements regarding braking system elements such as tyre pressure, tyre tread condition, brake shoes wear, etc. Basing on the test results it is found that excessive wear of tyres and brake shoes wear could be the reason of significant WSH index decrease resulting in faulty car. This can be visible through lower than allowable level of braking efficiency index WSH, which is the basic legal diagnostic parameter of break system condition assessment. Replacing such elements significantly improves braking efficiency index WSH.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 1; 147-153
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimisation of aircraft maintenances in the polish armed forces
Autorzy:
Kowalski, M.
Waślicki, P.
Żak, J. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246572.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
aircraft
maintenance system
optimisation task
Opis:
Maintaining the aircrafts (AC) of the Polish Armed Forces in operating condition is determined by adequate resources to secure maintenance and repairs possessed by the companies implementing these tasks on them. The article characterises and then describes formally the Aircrafts Maintenance System in the Polish Armed Forces. The assumptions of the aircraft maintenance system model, proposed model structure, and mapping of aircraft maintenance performance were described. The most important elements (such as data, decision variables, boundary conditions and assessment criterion function) of an optimisation task aimed at minimising the executed aircraft maintenances’ costs were formulated. For this purpose, the record of evaluation criterion functions of the companies performing aircraft maintenance was shown. The article was completed with a conclusion, which underlined the importance of the proposed optimisation model. The optimisation model proposed in the article allows evaluating the aircraft maintenances’ organisation and their parameters. The formal record concerns both in the case of one-dimensional maintenance (one aircraft type) and multi-dimensional one (various aircraft types).
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 4; 225-235
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Studies and tests of micro aerial vehicle during flight
Autorzy:
Kowalski, M.
Zyluk, A.
Sibilski, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245658.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
Micro Air Vehicle
flight tests
Opis:
The article presents the results of flight tests of an unmanned flying device based on a model Micro Air Vehicle (MAV). The airplane was used during experimental studies. In the article, on-board equipment of micro-plane used in the study has been shown. Furthermore, the process of integrating all of the avionics equipment with MAV has been described. During the flight test, all parameters of microaircraft flight such as air and cruising speeds, altitude, air route, angles of tilt, slope angle, deviation angle, tilting speed, slope speed, deviation speed, etc. were recorded. During the study, the behaviour of micro-aircraft in various phases of flight such as autonomous take off, landing, programmable flight to the specific points of the air route was checked. In addition, the action of specified fail safe features of micro airplane operating in the case of a failure (e.g. in the case of low voltage of power package, loss of GPS signal, loss of communication with the ground station, etc.) is determined. The graphs of some flight parameters and figures of flight routes as well as flight profiles during the programmable flight have been presented. The researches allow for the verification of the integration process of micro-aircraft with on-board systems and they also allow for evaluation of its functional characteristics in further studies such as formation flights and bypassing the obstacles.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 4; 155-162
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Adaptive jet engines work analysis and control
Autorzy:
Kowalski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242121.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
adaptation engine
parameters of the engine air
sensitivity of work cycle
Opis:
The paper describes major designs of adaptive jet engines as well as their structural and operational advantages. Attention is paid to actual thermodynamic cycles of such engines and energy balance of flows. Particular attention paid to a double-rotor engine designed by Pratt & Whitney, where a portion of air is bled from downstream of the compressor and then supplied to the area downstream the turbine when the engine is operated at its maximum performance (turbine bypass engine). Then attention is paid to actual thermodynamic cycles of such engines and energy balance of flows. It was shown that real working cycles of these engines represent figures with variable surface areas, which is the reason for the second name of these units - engines with variable thermodynamic cycle. It is explained how basic parameters of such engines affect sensitiveness of operating cycles and controllability. The analysis has been conducted separately for internal and external channel. The sensitivity analysis for the working cycle makes it possible to select parameters that are potentially controllable and adjustable. To sum up the foregoing deliberations one has to state that operation of turbojet adaptive engines is the topic that needs much more investigation. Even the design solution of the engine itself, although being really exciting and promising, is troublesome in the aspects of the design and process engineering, and will lead to a series of operation and maintenance problems.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 2; 225-234
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aerodynamic measurements micro air vehicle
Autorzy:
Zyluk, A.
Sibilski, K.
Kowalski, M.
Wiśniowski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243837.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
construction of micro air vehicles
aerodynamic measurements
Opis:
In present times, constructions of micro air vehicles arouse more and more interest researchers and manufacturers. Air turbulence is perceived as a major problem for Micro Air Vehicles (MAV) in outdoor applications. According to the literature, short duration vertical gusts may have velocity comparable to MAV airspeed, so brief periods of flight at very large angles of attack have to be considered. In these circumstances, it seems reasonable to apply the design with as high stall angle of attack as possible. In particular, the flow has to be attached to control surfaces to perform effective control in order to damp air turbulence effect. Therefore, an aircraft configuration was developed with cranked delta wing and propeller located inside the wing contour. To prove the value of the concept, wind tunnel experiment was undertaken. The prototype demonstrated ability to fly controllably at extremely high angles of attack. Moreover we present few disadvantages of these construction for example it was very sensitive to the motor settings, since every rpm change required immediate airplane trimming to maintain straight path of flight. This drawback can be eliminated by application of counter-rotating propeller. The status of the program is presented in the paper, including the most recent results, as well as currently undertaken experiments and plans for the nearest future.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 4; 343-353
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Researches of a combustion engine fuelled with a fuel-water microemulsion
Autorzy:
Kowalski, M.
Jankowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244980.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
combustion engine
combustion processes
ecology
fuel-water microemulsion
Opis:
The emulsion is a mixture of two or more insoluble liquids. Microemulsion is the emulsion with particles dimension in a range of one micrometre and smaller. Such a microemulsion of water and diesel fuel will create a novel quality and allows one to simultaneously achieve environmental and economic effects, as well as eliminate the ad-verse impact of normal emulsions, or adverse effects of water injection into the engine intake system or directly into the combustion chamber, as well as the sequential injection of water directly into the combustion chamber. Application of microemulsion of water and diesel to fuel diesel engine positively affects the combustion process through the catalytic impact of microparticles of water, and improves the process of preparation of the microemulsion injection into the combustion chamber as a result of water microparticles’ microexplosions. This article presents the investigation results of an internal combustion engine fuelled by an emulsion of water and diesel fuel and fuelled by emulsion of FAME and water. It therefore seems appropriate to a strong increase in the degree of dispersion of water droplets in the emulsion by applying the methods to obtain the size of water droplets on nanometric range. This should dramatically improve both the stability of emulsion and its influence on the chemical effects of combustion in diesel engine.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 4; 187-196
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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