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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    Changes in the functional diversity of bacterial communities in soil contaminated with diesel oil
    Autorzy:
    Borowik, A.
    Wyszkowska, J.
    Oszust, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15636.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
    Źródło:
    Journal of Elementology; 2018, 23, 3
    1644-2296
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Elementology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Applicability of biochemical indices to quality assessmnet of soil pulluted with heavy metals
    Zastosowanie wskaźników biochemicznych do oceny jakościowej gleby zanieczyszczonej metalami ciężkimi
    Autorzy:
    Wyszkowska, J.
    Borowik, A.
    Kucharski, M.
    Kucharski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/13689.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
    Opis:
    The objective of this study has been to test a series of soil quality biochemical indices so as to select the one(s) that would mainly rely on enzymes participating in the processes of carbon and nitrogen transformations and reflect objectively the quality of soil. Moreover, an ideal index should be comparable to yields of crops. A vegetative experiment with 5 replications was set up on two soils: loamy sand and sandy loam, which had been polluted with cadmium, copper and zinc. Once the soil moisture content was raised to the level of 60% capillary water retention capacity, the following plants were sown: oat, spring oilseed rape and yellow lupine. Twice during the growing season, the activity of soil enzymes such as dehydrogenases, catalase, urease, ß-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and arylsulphatase was determined. Next, based on the soil enzymatic activity as well as the content of clay and organic carbon, 21 indices of the biochemical soil activity (BA1 to BA21) were proposed, which were divided into two groups: simple and complex ones. In addition, coefficients of correlation between yields of plants and biochemical soil quality indices were calculated. The experiment has demonstrated that the activity of enzymes should be expressed in units of the product of a catalyzed reaction in 1 h time calculated per 1 kg d.m. of soil, i.e. the activity of dehydrogenases in ìmol TFF, catalase – mol O2, alkaline phosphatase and arylsulphatase – mmol PNP, while that of urease in mmol N-NH4 +. Introduction of uniform units facilitates comparison of the results and quality assessment of different soils, irrespective of the author or research centre they originate from. It has also been shown that among the 21 tested biochemical indices of soil quality assessment, the best ones are BA20 = %C × (Deh + Pal + Pac + Ure), derived from the content of organic carbon and activity of four enzymes: dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and urease, and BA21 = Deh + Kat + Pal + Pac + Ure + Glu + Aryl, calculated from the activity of seven enzymes: dehydrogenases (Deh), catalase (Cat), acid phosphatase (Pac), alkaline phosphatase (Pal), urease (Ure), β-glucosidase (glu) and arylsulphatase (Aryl).
    Źródło:
    Journal of Elementology; 2013, 18, 4
    1644-2296
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Elementology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Response of bacteria to soil contamination with heavy metals
    Reakcja bakterii na zanieczyszczenie gleby metalami ciezkimi
    Autorzy:
    Wyszkowska, J
    Kucharski, J.
    Borowik, A.
    Boros, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/13797.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
    Tematy:
    Arthrobacter
    bacteria
    Pseudomonas
    cadmium
    zinc
    lead
    nitrogen immobilizing bacteria
    copiotrophic bacteria
    ammonifying bacteria
    copper
    soil
    contamination
    cellulolytic bacteria
    heavy metal
    Opis:
    The effect of contamination of loamy sand with single heavy metals (Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+) and with their mixtures on the number of copiotrophic, ammonifying, nitrogen immobilising, cellulolytic bacteria and bacteria of the Arthrobacter and Pseudomonas genera was examined in a pot experiment. The research was performed in two series: with soil sown with oat and unsown soil. It was found that the sensitivity of bacteria to Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ is a specific characteristic related to the content of these metals in soil and to the method of soil use. The development of the bacteria of Arthrobacter and Pseudomonas was most strongly inhibited in the soil sown with oat, while ammonifying, nitrogen immobilising, and cellulolytic bacteria were most inhibited in the unsown soil. Copiotrophic, cellulolytic, nitrogen immobilising and ammonifying bacteria proved to be more resistant to this contamination than bacteria of Arthrobacter and Pseudomonas genera. Increasing the number of heavy metals simultaneously contaminating the soil to two (Cd2+ and Cu2+; Cd2+ and Zn2+; Cd2+ and Pb2+) and to three (Cd2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+; Cd2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+; Cd2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+) generally did not increase the intensity of their effect on the examined bacteria. Changes brought about by these mixtures were usually similar to changes caused by individual heavy metals.
    W doświadczeniu wazonowym badano wpływ zanieczyszczenia piasku gliniastego pojedynczymi metalami ciężkimi (Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+) i ich mieszaninami na liczebność bakterii kopiotroficznych, amonifikacyjnych, immobilizujących azot, celulolitycznych oraz bakterii z rodzaju Arthrobacter i Pseudomonas. Badania wykonano w dwóch seriach: z glebą obsianą owsem i nieobsianą. Stwierdzono, że wrażliwość bakterii na Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ i Pb2+ jest cechą specyficzną związaną z zawartością tych metali w glebie oraz sposobem jej użytkowania. Rozwój bakterii z rodzaju Arthrobacter oraz Pseudomonas był intensywniej hamowany w glebie obsianej owsem, natomiast bakterii amonifikacyjnych, immobilizujących azot oraz celulolitycznych – w glebie nieobsianej. Bardziej odporne na te zanieczyszczenia okazały się bakterie kopiotroficzne, celulolityczne, immobilizujace azot i amonifikacyjne niż bakterie z rodzaju Arthrobacter i Pseudomonas. Zwiększenie liczby metali ciężkich jednocześnie zanieczyszczających glebę do dwóch (Cd2+ i Cu2+; Cd2+ i Zn2+; Cd2+ i Pb2+) i trzech (Cd2+, Cu2+ i Zn2+; Cd2+, Cu2+ i Pb2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ i Zn2+) z reguły nie zwiększało intensywności ich oddziaływania na badane bakterie. Zmiany wywołane przez te mieszaniny były zazwyczaj zbliżone do zmian powodowanych przez pojedyncze metale ciężkie.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Elementology; 2008, 13, 3
    1644-2296
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Elementology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Resistance of dehydrogenases, catalase, urease and plants to soil contamination with zinc
    Oporność dehydrogenaz, katalazy, ureazy i roślin na zanieczyszczenie gleby cynkiem
    Autorzy:
    Borowik, A.
    Wyszkowska, J.
    Kucharski, M.
    Kucharski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/13935.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
    Opis:
    Pot trials on growing plants were conducted in order to determine the resistance of dehydrogenases, catalase and urease as well as the plants themselves to soil contamination with zinc. The experimental variables were: the type of soil (loamy sand and sandy loam), degree of soil pollution with zinc from 0 to 600 mg Zn2+ kg-1 d.m., and plant species (oat, spring rape and yellow lupine). Samples of soil were tested to determine the activity of dehydrogenases, catalase and urease as well as its physicochemical properties. Based on the enzymatic activity of soil and the dry matter of harvested plants, the resistance of enzymes and each of the crops was determined to excessive amounts of zinc in soil with different grain-size distribution. It was concluded that zinc contamination significantly inhibited the activity of dehydrogenases, catalase and urease. With respect to their sensitivity to zinc, the enzymes were arranged in the following order: dehydrogenases > urease > catalase. The plant species and grain-size distribution of soil determined the resistance of the enzymes to zinc pollution. Dehydrogenases were most resistant to zinc in soil cropped with oat, urease – in soil under spring rape and catalase – in soil sown with yellow lupine. Dehydrogenases and urease were more resistant to the adverse influence of zinc in sandy loam than in loamy sand, contrary to catalase, which was less vulnerable in loamy sand than in sandy loam. Tolerance of plants to zinc pollution proved to be a species-specific characteristic. Yellow lupine was most sensitive to excess zinc in soil, while oat was most resistant to the said contamination out of the three examined plant species.
    W badaniach wegetacyjnych wazonowych, których celem było określenie oporności dehydrogenaz, katalazy i ureazy oraz roślin na zanieczyszczenie gleby cynkiem, czynnikami zmiennymi w doświadczeniu były: rodzaj utworu glebowego (piasek gliniasty i glina piaszczysta), stopień zanieczyszczenia gleby cynkiem (od 0 do 600 mg Zn2+ kg-1 s.m. gleby) oraz gatunek uprawianej rośliny (owies, rzepak jary i łubin żółty). W próbkach gleby określono aktywność dehydrogenaz, katalazy i ureazy oraz właściwości fizykochemiczne. Na podstawie aktywności enzymów oraz plonu suchej masy roślin określono oporność enzymów oraz poszczególnych gatunków roślin na nadmierne ilości cynku w glebach o zróżnicowanym składzie granulometrycznym. Stwierdzono, że zanieczyszczenie cynkiem hamuje istotnie aktywność dehydrogenaz, ureazy i katalazy. Enzymy pod względem wrażliwości na cynk uszeregowano następująco: dehydrogenazy > ureaza > katalaza. Gatunek roślin oraz skład granulometryczny gleby determinował oporność enzymów na zanieczyszczenie cynkiem. Dehydrogenazy najbardziej oporne na negatywne działanie cynku były w glebie pod uprawą owsa, ureaza – rzepaku jarego, a katalaza – łubinu żółtego. Dehydrogenazy i ureaza są bardziej oporne na działanie cynku w glinie piaszczystej niż w piasku gliniastym, a katalaza odwrotnie – bardziej oporna w piasku gliniastym niż w glinie piaszczystej. Wrażliwość roślin na zanieczyszczenie cynkiem okazała się być cechą gatunkową. Spośród badanych roślin najbardziej wrażliwy na nadmiar cynku w glebie był łubin żółty, a najmniej – owies.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Elementology; 2014, 19, 4
    1644-2296
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Elementology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of cadmium, copper and zinc on plants, soil microorganisms and soil enzymes
    Oddziaływanie kadmu, miedzi i cynku na rośliny, drobnoustroje i enzymy glebowe
    Autorzy:
    Wyszkowska, J.
    Borowik, A.
    Kucharski, M.
    Kucharski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15423.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
    Opis:
    Heavy metals when present in amounts equal to the geochemical background do not interfere with the soil metabolism, which is associated with the growth and development of soil microorganisms as well as the processes of synthesis and re-synthesis, governed by intra- and extracellular enzymes. In the said concentrations, heavy metals do not cause undesirable changes in the development of plants. On the contrary, such elements as copper and zinc are essential constituents of physiological processes in all living organisms, including microorganisms and plants. Some soils suffer from zinc and copper deficits, which is why they are enriched with fertilizers containing copper or zinc to satisfy the nutritional requirements of crops. Cadmium is different in that its essential role in the proper functioning of living organisms has not been proven yet. In Poland, soils contaminated with heavy metals, including cadmium, copper and zinc, occur only locally. The purpose of this study has been to discuss the characteristics of these elements in terms of the chemical properties and the role in the natural environment, the effect they produce on plants when present in excessive concentrations in soil and the response of soil microbes and enzymes to such contaminants. Crops cultivated on soil with an elevated content of heavy metals typically present inhibited growth, reduced transpiration, chlorosis of leaves, limited germination of seeds and deformations of the root system. The effect induced by heavy metals is more pronounced in the early development of plants. Mobility and plant availability of heavy metals depend on a series of factors, for example the soil pH, content of organic matter, grainsize composition of soil, content of iron and manganese oxides, soil sorption capacity and the type of metal. Higher bioavailability of heavy metals is observed in soils with a low content of humic acids. As the soil pH increases (within 6.5-7.5), metals, especially zinc and – to a lesser degree – copper become less toxic to plants. The mechanism building tolerance of plants to heavy metals is closely connected with processes which reduce the uptake and transport of metals and with detoxification on cellular membranes and inside cells. An increase in the concentration of metals induces the synthesis of phytochelates, whose main function is to sustain the homeostasis of metals in the cell. These proteins also transport metal ions to vacuoles, where they can be bound by oxalates. Excessive amounts of cadmium, copper and zinc disrupt the homeostasis of soil by interfering with the control mechanisms on the level of genes, thus inhibiting the activity of microbial enzymatic proteins. They cause damage to metabolic pathways, often resulting in the apoptosis of cells. Consequently, the counts and species diversity of soil microorganisms suffer. Such process as nitrification and ammonification are inhibited, alongside the activity of soil enzymes. The adverse influence of cadmium, copper and zinc on microorganisms and enzymes can be alleviated by application of organic and natural fertilizers. For soil phytoremediation, microorganisms resistant to these metals but enhancing their availability can be used.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Elementology; 2013, 18, 4
    1644-2296
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Elementology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Activity of dehydrogenases, catalase and urease in copper polluted soil
    Aktywnosc dehydrogenaz, katalazy i ureazy w glebach zanieczyszczonych miedzia
    Autorzy:
    Wyszkowska, J
    Kucharski, M.
    Kucharski, J.
    Borowik, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15737.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
    Tematy:
    soil pollution
    copper
    enzyme activity
    tolerance index
    vulnerability index
    dehydrogenase
    catalase
    urease
    Opis:
    Copper is a life essential element. However, in excess it can be destructive to metabolism of microbial, plant, animal and human cells. Thus, an understanding of all conditions associated with the effect produced by copper on natural environment is vital. The purpose of the present study has been to evaluate the effect of soil contamination with copper on the activity of dehydrogenases, catalase and urease as well as to determine the tolerance of these enzymes to excessive amounts of copper in soil. The variable factors of the experiment consisted of: 1) soil type: loamy sand and sandy loam; 2) copper pollution rate in mg kg-1 d.m. of soil: 0, 150, 450; 3) soil use: unseeded and seeded soil; 4) crop species: barley, spring oilseed rape and yellow lupine; 5) dates of enzymatic analyses: 25 and 50 day. The results have revealed that copper pollution, within the rates of 150 to 450 mg kg-1 d.m. of soil, significantly inhibits the activity of dehydrogeanses, urease and catalase, with catalase being the most tolerant to excessive copper, unlike dehydrogeneases, which were the most sensitive enzymes. Urease was found to be intermediate in the response to copper. Dehydrogenases, urease and catalase are the least tolerant to the inhibitory effect of copper in soil under spring oilseed rape, being the most tolerant to the pollution in soil under oats. Copper produces stronger inhibitory effect on soil enzymes in unseeded than in seeded soil. The negative effect of excess copper in soil persists and, instead of diminishing, the longer copper remains in soil, the stronger effect it yields. Dehydrognases and catalase are less tolerant to copper in sandy loam than in loamy sand, unlike urease, which was more tolerant to the pollutant in loamy sand than in sandy loam. Tolerance of plants to soil contamination with copper is a species-specific trait. Among the tested crops, yellow lupine was the least tolerant whereas spring oilseed rape was the most tolerant to copper contamination.
    Miedź jest pierwiastkiem niezbędnym do prawidłowego funkcjonowania wszystkich organizmów, jednakże jej nadmiar w środowisku może działać destrukcyjnie na metabolizm komórek drobnoustrojów, roślin i zwierząt oraz ludzi. Zatem poznanie wszystkich uwarunkowań oddziaływania miedzi na środowisko przyrodnicze jest ze wszech miar uzasadnione. Celem badań było określenie wpływu zanieczyszczenia gleby miedzią na aktywność dehydrogenaz, katalazy i ureazy oraz określenie oporności tych enzymów na nadmiar miedzi w glebie. W doświadczeniu czynnikami zmiennymi były: 1) gatunek gleby: piasek gliniasty i glina piaszczysta; 2) stopień zanieczyszczenia miedzią w mg⋅kg-1 s.m. gleby: 0, 150 , 450; 3) sposób użytkowania gleby: gleba nieobsiana i obsiana roślinami; 4) gatunek uprawianej rośliny: owies, rzepak jary i łubin żółty; 5) termin analiz enzymatycznych: 25. dzień i 50. dzień. W wyniku badań stwierdzono, że zanieczyszczenie miedzią, w zakresie od 150 mg do 450 mg·kg-1 gleby, hamuje istotnie aktywność dehydrogenaz, ureazy i katalazy. Przy czym najbardziej odporna na nadmiar miedzi jest katalaza, a najmniej dehydrogenazy. Pośrednie miejsce zajmuje ureaza. Dehydrogenazy, ureaza i katalaza są najbardziej oporne na inhibicyjne działanie miedzi w glebie pod uprawą rzepaku jarego, a najmniej pod uprawą owsa. Miedź silniej hamuje aktywność enzymów w glebie nieobsianej roślinami niż w glebie obsianej. Negatywne działanie nadmiaru tego pierwiastka w glebie ma charakter trwały i zamiast ustępować nasila się wraz z czasem jego zalegania w glebie. Dehydrogenazy i katalaza są bardziej oporne na działanie miedzi w glinie piaszczystej niż w piasku gliniastym, a ureaza odwrotnie – bardziej oporna w piasku gliniastym niż w glinie piaszczystej. Wrażliwość roślin na zanieczyszczenie miedzią jest cechą gatunkową. Spośród badanych roślin najbardziej wrażliwy jest łubin żółty, a najmniej rzepak jary.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Elementology; 2009, 14, 3; 605-617
    1644-2296
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Elementology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pressure exerted by zinc on the nitrification process
    Presja cynku na proces nitryfikacji
    Autorzy:
    Borowik, A.
    Wyszkowska, J.
    Kucharski, J.
    Bacmaga, M.
    Tomkiel, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15607.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
    Opis:
    The objective of this study was to evaluate the nitrification rate in soil polluted with zinc. The experimental protocol was as follows: soil (sandy loam) collected from the 0-20 cm layer of a cropped field was passed through a 2 mm mesh sieve, placed in 150 cm 3 glass beakers, 100 g of soil in each, and polluted with the following doses of Zn 2+ per 1 kg d.m. of soil: 0, 300, 600, 1 200 and 2 400. Zinc was applied in the form of ZnCl 2 aqueous solution. Afterwards, ammonia nitrogen as (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 was added to the soil material in two doses: 0 and 240 mg N kg -1 d.m. Once zinc chloride and ammonium sulphate had been thoroughly mixed with the soil, water was added until the soil moisture content reached 50% of capillary water holding capacity and then the beakers were placed in a laboratory incubator at 25 o C. After 10, 20, 30 and 40 days, the incubated soil was tested to determine the content of N-NH 4 and N-NH 3 . Additionally, after 10 and 40 days of incubation, the most probable counts of nitrifying bacteria involved in the first and second step of the nitrification process were determined. The experiment was run with three replicates for each day. Two determinations of each parameter were performed in the soil samples placed in beakers. In total, 6 results were obtained for each experimental variant. Based on the determinations, the amounts of nitrified and immobilized nitrogen were calculated and the resistance (RS) and resilience (RL) of the nitrification process and nitrifying bacteria to the contamination of soil with zinc were expressed. It has been experimentally demonstrated that excess zinc in soil significantly disturbs the nitrification rate. As little as 300 mg Zn 2+ kg -1 d.m. of soil significantly inhibits nitrification. Zinc contamination interferes with nitrification and other metabolic process which affect soil nitrogen, which is confirmed by depressed nitrogen immobilization at higher rates of soil contamination with this element. The adverse effect of zinc on nitrification is primarily due to the negative impact of this element in the soil environment on nitrifying bacteria. Zinc more strongly inhibits the first than the second step nitrification bacteria, but ammonia-oxidizing bacteria recover more quickly than nitrate forms. The RS parameters for the nitrification process towards zinc pollution were on a low level and tended to decrease as the degree of zinc contamination rose. The resistance of nitrifying bacteria to zinc decreased parallel to the increasing amounts of zinc in soil.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Elementology; 2014, 19, 2
    1644-2296
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Elementology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Changes in the microbiological and biochemical properties of soil contaminated with zinc
    Autorzy:
    Wyszkowska, J.
    Boros-Lajszner, E.
    Borowik, A.
    Kucharski, J.
    Baćmaga, M.
    Tomkiel, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962865.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
    Opis:
    Zinc is an essential element for all living organisms, but overexposure to this element can have strongly toxic effects. A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of different zinc concentrations (0, 100, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800 mg Zn2+ kg-1 of soil) on the soil biological activity by analyzing changes in soil stability over time and by determining the resistance (RS) of microorganisms and soil enzyme activity. The influence of Zn2+ on the growth and development of oat and white mustard was evaluated. Overexposure to zinc inhibited the growth of soil microorganisms, the activity of soil enzymes, and the growth and development of plants. Excessive zinc doses cause lower microbial biodiversity and enzyme activity. Bacteria of the genus Azotobacter were most sensitive and spore-forming oligotrophic bacteria were least sensitive to excessive zinc doses. β-glucosidase was most resistant and arylsulfatase was least resistant to the analyzed element. The resistance of the tested microorganisms and enzymes decreased with an increase in zinc accumulation in the soil environment. White mustard was more sensitive to zinc contamination than oat and zinc doses of 2400 and 4800 mg Zn2+ kg-1 led to the death of white mustard plants. The results of this study indicate that soil contamination with zinc poses a threat for living organisms. In areas with a higher risk of zinc deposition, the content of this element in soils should be monitored more frequently than prescribed by environmental protection regulations.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Elementology; 2017, 22, 2
    1644-2296
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Elementology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Changes in the microbiological and biochemical properties of soil contaminated with zinc
    Autorzy:
    Wyszkowska, J.
    Boros-Lajszner, E.
    Borowik, A.
    Kucharski, J.
    Baćmaga, M.
    Tomkiel, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1190211.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
    Tematy:
    zinc
    soil enzymes
    microbes resistance
    plants resistance
    Opis:
    Zinc is an essential element for all living organisms, but overexposure to this element can have strongly toxic effects. A pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of different zinc concentrations (0, 100, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800 mg Zn2+ kg-1 of soil) on the soil biological activity by analyzing changes in soil stability over time and by determining the resistance (RS) of microorganisms and soil enzyme activity. The influence of Zn2+ on the growth and development of oat and white mustard was evaluated. Overexposure to zinc inhibited the growth of soil microorganisms, the activity of soil enzymes, and the growth and development of plants. Excessive zinc doses cause lower microbial biodiversity and enzyme activity. Bacteria of the genus Azotobacter were most sensitive and spore-forming oligotrophic bacteria were least sensitive to excessive zinc doses. β-glucosidase was most resistant and arylsulfatase was least resistant to the analyzed element. The resistance of the tested microorganisms and enzymes decreased with an increase in zinc accumulation in the soil environment. White mustard was more sensitive to zinc contamination than oat and zinc doses of 2400 and 4800 mg Zn2+ kg-1 led to the death of white mustard plants. The results of this study indicate that soil contamination with zinc poses a threat for living organisms. In areas with a higher risk of zinc deposition, the content of this element in soils should be monitored more frequently than prescribed by environmental protection regulations.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Elementology; 2017, 22, 2; 437-451
    1644-2296
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Elementology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sensitivity of soil enzymes to excessive zinc concentrations
    Oporność enzymów glebowych na nadmierne ilości cynku
    Autorzy:
    Borowik, A.
    Wyszkowska, J.
    Kucharski, J.
    Bacmaga, M.
    Boros-Lajszner, E.
    Tomkiel, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14850.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
    Tematy:
    sensitivity
    soil enzyme
    zinc
    zinc concentration
    soil resistance
    soil contamination
    Opis:
    The sensitivity of soil enzymes to soil contamination with zinc was analyzed. A laboratory experiment was performed on sandy loam at pH 7.0, sampled from arable land at a depth of 0 to 20 cm. Soil samples were passed through a sieve with 2 mm mesh size and contaminated with the following zinc doses: 0, 300, 600, 1200 and 2400 mg Zn2+ kg-1 soil. Zinc was applied in the form of aqueous solution of ZnCl2. Soil was mixed thoroughly with zinc, and its moisture content was brought to 50% capillary water capacity. The samples were incubated at 25°C. Beakers with soil samples were weighed once a week to replenish evaporated water. The activity of soil enzymes: dehydrogenases, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, catalase, arylsulfatase and b-glucosidase, was determined after 15, 30, 60 and 120 days of the experiment. The results were used to calculate soil resistance (RS), ED20 and ED50 values. The results of the study indicate that soil enzymes are characterized by varied sensitivity to excessive zinc concentrations, and that the RS index is a reliable measure of enzymatic responses to zinc pollution. The analyzed enzymes were classified in the following decreasing order in terms of their resistance to zinc: b-glucosidase> acid phosphatase > urease >arylsulfatase = alkaline phosphatase> catalase > dehydrogenases. Zinc continued to exert a negative effect on soil enzymes throughout the experiment (120 days). ED20 values for the analyzed enzymes in mg Zn2+ kg-1 DM soil were determined at: 103 for dehydrogenases, 184 for alkaline phosphatase, 233 for urease, 247 for arylsulfatase, 416 for acid phosphatase, 419 for catalase and 1373 for b-glucosidase.
    Celem badań było określenie wrażliwości enzymów na zanieczyszczenie gleby cynkiem. Doświadczenie przeprowadzono w warunkach laboratoryjnych na glinie piaszczystej o pH 7,0, pobranej z użytku rolnego z warstwy od 0 do 20 cm. Przed rozpoczęciem badań glebę przesiano przez sito o oczkach 2 mm i zanieczyszczono następującymi dawkami cynku: 0, 300, 600, 1200, 2400 mg Zn2+ kg-1 gleby. Cynk stosowano w postaci wodnego roztworu ZnCl2. Następnie po dokładnym wymieszaniu gleby jej wilgotność doprowadzono do 50% kapilarnej pojemności wodnej i poddano inkubacji w cieplarce w temp. 25°C. Jeden raz w tygodniu zlewki przeważano w celu uzupełnienia ewentualnych ubytków wody. Po 15, 30, 60 i 120 dniach inkubacji część zlewek likwidowano i oznaczono aktywność enzymów glebowych: dehydrogenaz, ureazy, fosfatazy kwaśnej, fosfatazy alkalicznej, katalazy, arylosulfatazy i b-glukozydazy. Na podstawie wyników obliczono indeks oporności enzymów (RS) oraz wskaźniki ED20 i ED50. Stwierdzono, że enzymy glebowe mają zróżnicowaną oporność na nadmiar cynku w glebie, a wskaźnik oporności RS jest dobrą miarą ich reakcji na zanieczyszczenie tym metalem. Pod względem zmniejszającej się oporności można je uszeregować następująco: b-glukozydaza> fosfataza kwaśna > ureaza >arylosulfataza = fosfataza kwaśna > katalaza > dehydrogenazy. Negatywne działanie cynku na enzymy glebowe utrzymywało się przez cały okres badań (120 dni).Wartość ED20 dla poszczególnych enzymów w mg Zn2+ kg-1s.m. gleby wynosiła: dehydrogenazy – 103, fosfataza alkaliczna – 184, ureaza – 233, arylosulfataza – 247, fosfataza kwaśna – 416, katalaza – 419, b-glukozydaza – 1373.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Elementology; 2014, 19, 3
    1644-2296
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Elementology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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