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Tytuł:
Analysis of Water Age and Flushing of the Water Supply Network of the Pressure Reduction Zone
Autorzy:
Świętochowska, Martyna
Bartkowska, Izabela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202171.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
water distribution system
water age
water quality
flushing water system
pressure zone
Opis:
The water of appropriate quality introduced in the water system changes its chemical properties. Depending on the chemical properties of water and pipe materials, various phenomena may occur, e.g. corrosion, and biofilm structure. The decreasing water demand in existing water systems leads to a reduction in the water flow velocity in the pipes. Accordingly, the age of the water in the system increases. It is especially visible at connections and long sections of the network. The deteriorating water quality along with the elapsing time of its stay in the pipes makes it necessary to perform appropriate measures, e.g. flushing the network. Water supply services usually perform them intuitively. The choice of flushing sites, times, or flow rates is not measured and verified. The age of the water and the efficiency of flushing can be simulated in computer programs. EPANET provides tools for such simulations. The research aimed to check the effects of flushing the network and the age of water in the pressure reduction zone. This is a case that is particularly prone to the increasing age of water. The research has shown that the network flushing sites used so far contribute to the exchange of water in the main water pipes. The simulations showed the need for the additional flush in new places, and in the tested case, the age of the water in the pipes is as much as the intervals between subsequent rinses.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 10; 229--238
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamics of water consumption changes in a tourist resort
Autorzy:
Bartkowska, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/125041.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
indicators
tap water
variation trends
water consumption
water requirement index
water supply system
Opis:
This work presents problems related to the water consumption in the city of Olecko situated in the north-east part of Poland in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province of the country, at the eastern border of the Mazurian Lake District along the trail connecting the land of the Large Mazurian Lakes with the Suwalsko-Augustowskie Lake District. Over 2011–2012 water extraction to the municipal water supply network was studied. The volume of water extracted every day was analyzed and the gathered volumes were analyzed statistically. The varying water extraction was also studied. The obtained results were presented in a graphic form. Basing on the descriptive stats and prepared diagrams certain general conclusions were drawn and the collected study figures and facts were summed up. This allowed to determine days of the highest and lowest water consumption. Also months of extreme water extraction and consumption were determined. The water extraction ranged from 1641 m3/24h to 2607 m3/24h, at an average value of 2077.4 m3/24h. Over the period under study the day of the largest water extraction and consumption was in July and the day of the lowest water extraction and consumption in December. During a week inhabitants used the highest water amount on Saturdays and the lowest on Sundays and other feast-days. Basing on the conducted measurements also the coefficient of water consumption per capita was determined. The fluctuation of this coefficient was identical as that for the water consumption. Within the period of study it ranged from 73.3 l/M 24h to 116.5 l/M 24h. The average value of the specific water consumption was 92.8 l/M 24h. For the sake of discussion the obtained results were compared with observations across the country.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2014, 15, 4; 46-54
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Quality Problems of the Dammed Water in the Mountain Forest Catchment
Autorzy:
Jachniak, Ewa
Jaguś, Andrzej
Młyniuk, Agata
Nycz, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124917.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
mountain areas
dam reservoir
water quality
water pollution
water trophy
Opis:
The research concerned the Wapienica dam reservoir, which is located in the Polish Carpathians, near the city of Bielsko-Biala. The dam closes the flow of water from the 11.1 km2 catchment. The forests cover about 90% of the catchment area, while the rest of the catchment constitutes grassland areas. The reservoir has a capacity of 1.05 million m3. The collected water is intended for supplying a water supply system. The catchment is treated as semi-natural, because within its borders the only works related to forest management are carried out. The aim of the research was evaluation of the water quality in this reservoir, including trophic status, based on the analyses carried out in 2015. It was found that the water was of good quality in basic physicochemical terms (e.g. suspension ≤13 mg∙dm-3,CODCr ≤11 mgO2∙dm-3, conductivity ≤82 µS∙cm-1, phosphates <0.05 mg∙dm-3, nitrates ≤5.1 mg∙dm-3, dissolved iron ≤0.12 mg∙dm-3). The contamination with heavy metals was not ascertained, with the exception of the zinc. The assessed sanitary indicators are worse – the bacteria of the Coli group and periodically also enterococci were observed in the reservoir water. The reservoir is not homogeneous in terms of biological production (the trophy degree). It is low in the upper part (oligotrophy generally) and increases in the part near the dam (mesotrophy, also eutrophy). The established presence of dangerous bacteria and symptoms of the reservoir eutrophication are disturbing in the context of the opinion on the purity of uninhabited mountain areas.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 5; 165-171
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Consumption and Savings of Drinking Water in Selected Objects
Autorzy:
Vaverka, Igor
Jakimiuk, Aleksandra
Trach, Yuliia
Koda, Eugeniusz
Vaverková, Magdalena Daria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1838427.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
water saver
water consumption
profitability analysis
water use
kindergarten
Opis:
Water is essential to the proper functioning of kindergartens and schools. Nevertheless, water consumption in public facilities is usually high, often exceeding the average household water consumption. Recently, increasing pressure on this valuable and depletable natural resource has been noticed and, therefore, it is interesting to study the water consumption in kindergartens and the possibilities of water saving. The present work examined 6 kindergarten facilities in Kyjov, Czech Republic, where the equipment has been enhanced with the faucet water saving technology. The work analyzed the impact of the equipment on the reduction of water consumption as a raw material and on the financial and economic profitability. The results were estimated based on the variation of two parameters such as average daily water consumption and demand per person. The experiment showed that installing the savers resulted in water savings ranging from 8% to 18.7% for average daily consumption and from 10.02% to 23.2% for per capita demand.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2021, 22, 5; 13-25
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of Real Water Losses and the Failure of Urban-Rural Water Supply System
Autorzy:
Gwoździej-Mazur, Joanna
Świętochowski, Kamil
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839569.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
water loss
water supply system failure
urban-rural water supply system
International Water Association
IWA
water balance
infrastructure leakage index
Opis:
The topic of failures and water losses in the urban-rural water supply network was discussed. The purpose of the work was to assess the level of real water losses and the failure rate of the urban-rural water supply network in 2010-2016. The article’s introduction contains the information on the types and causes of breakdowns in the water supply network. The life cycle of the leakage from its inception to its removal was also described. Next, the methodology and indicators for assessing actual losses in the water supply network were presented according to the guidelines of the International Water Association (IWA), i.e. ILI, CARL, UARL, RLB and water balance. The material and methods chapter describes how to calculate the failure rate. On the basis of the literature review, a method of assessing the failure of the water supply network and the level of actual water losses was presented. The research part presents the results of the water losses indicators values and assesses them against the literature data for the entire urban-rural system. The results of the failure of the water supply of the urban area and the rural area were also presented and compared with the literature data. A method of calculating limit values of the failure intensity index for the entire water supply system was also proposed. The changes in the intensity of failure occurrence during the year were presented. The object described in the studies achieved the A rating according to the classification of ILI and RLB values throughout the entire analysis period (2010–2016). Failure intensity in the analyzed period exceeded the average values calculated for water supply networks in Poland many times. The values in individual cases exceeded the limit values specified in the literature.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2021, 22, 1; 132-138
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Factors Affecting Water Quality in a Water Supply Network
Autorzy:
Jachimowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124812.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
factor analysis
secondary contamination of water
water supply network
water quality
Opis:
An effect of factors determining water quality in the water supply network in Kraków is assessed. The data collected over a four-year research period included quality parameters of water taken from the water distribution system in the period between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2014. In the analysis the supply zones of four municipal water treatment plants in Krakow were considered. The selection of 29 water sampling points within the supply area allowed comparing water quality with respect to operational and technological aspects. Factor analysis enabled 4 components explaining correlations between tap water quality variables to be distinguished. It follows from the research performed that the obtained factors applied to 77% of overall water variability. The highest share was assigned to factor 1 that explained 32% of the chemical composition of water under consideration and was correlated with calcium, conductance, nitrates (V), magnesium and to a moderate extent with Σ THM (with negative sign).
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2017, 18, 4; 110-117
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment and Physicochemical Characterization of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation and Drinking Purposes in Bazer Sakhra (Eastern Area of Algeria)
Autorzy:
Bounab, Samia
Khemmoudj, Kaddour
Sedrati, Nassima
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173296.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
groundwater
drinking water
irrigation water
water quality index
hydrochemical facies
Opis:
Twenty groundwater samples were collected and then examined for physical (pH, EC, TDS) and chemical (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, NO3) parameters, followed by multivariate statistics to determine the current state of groundwater quality and to assess the suitability of these resources for drinking and irrigation purposes in the Baser Sakhra area localized in Eastern of Algeria. The analysis carried out showed that the cations trend in most of the groundwater samples is on the order of Ca2+˃Na+˃Mg2+˃K+ and the anions trend is on the order of HCO3-˃SO42-˃Cl-. Stabler diagram demonstrated the predominance of Ca2+- HCO3- hydro-chemical facies (80%). Moreover, the parameters, such as sodium adsorption ratio, percentage sodium, residual sodium carbonate, permeability index, Kelly’s ratio, potential salinity, and magnesium hazard were evaluated for the suitability of groundwater for irrigation. The values obtained in this investigation concluded that most of the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation. From the other approach, the Water Quality Index (WQI) for drinking was also used in the current study. WQI ranged from 72.46 to 506.426, indicating that 40% of the samples were suitable for drinking however, 60% of them belong to the poor to unsuitable category of drinking water in terms of physicochemical properties, according to the World Health Organization norms.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 8; 119--132
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ultrafiltration for Purification and Treatment of Water Streams in Swimming Pool Circuits
Autorzy:
Łaskawiec, E.
Dudziak, M.
Wyczarska-Kokot, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/125442.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
swimming pool water
pressure driven
membrane processes
closed circuit
water systems
water treatment systems
water recovery
Opis:
The paper presents possible applications of pressure-driven membrane processes for treatment of swimming pool water and purification of waste streams – washings. Newly identified swimming pool water quality issues are presented that require a modernization of existing technologies. The studies used polymer membranes with the same particle distribution range (50000 Da), but made of different membrane-forming materials: polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and polyether sulfone (PES) for purification of washings. The ultrafiltration process allowed obtaining a high turbidity reduction rate in washings (over 95%), and also a significant reduction of total organic carbon. The effectiveness of the PES membrane was reduced after the process commencement, whereas the separation capacity of the PVDF membrane increased during the studied filtration process. While setting the operational process parameters consideration should be given also to the resistance of used membranes to chlorine present in the swimming pool water. A prolonged exposure of the polyether sulfone membrane to chloride may have caused its gradual damage and degradation of its separation properties.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2018, 19, 3; 38-44
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Water management problems at the Bukówka drinking water reservoir’s cross-border basin area in terms of its established functions
Autorzy:
Wiatkowski, M.
Rosik-Dulewska, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124624.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
drinking water reservoir
water management
cross-border basin area
water quality
Opis:
The paper covers the analysis of water management problems in the cross-border reservoir basin of Bukówka, located at the Bóbr river, at 271+540 km of its course, below the Czech-Polish border, in Dolnośląskie Voivodeship. The problems of water management in the context of the reservoir’s functions have been analyzed; these are: flood control, the provision of water during low water level periods for the Water Treatment Plant in Marciszów, the provision of drinking water for the city of Wałbrzych as well as the provision of proper flow in the Bóbr river bed downstream from the reservoir. Due to its localization right below the border with the Czech Republic, the reservoir is exposed to a number of problems. The study has found that the main problems of water management in the basin area included unsatisfactory state of water and wastewater management in the basin, unsatisfactory state of the surface water quality in the basin area of the reservoir, poor condition of streams and drainage ditches, improper arrangement of arable lands and large downslopes and a lack of monitoring stations on tributaries of the reservoir. It has been found that the hydrochemical conditions in the Bukówka reservoir’s section are unfavorable for it. From the eutrophication point of view, the water flowing into the tank is characterized by a large content of nutrients, especially nitrates, phosphates and BOD5. In order to counteract eutrophication it is necessary to lower the concentration of nutrients in the water flowing into the tank. One of the basic ways to do so is to restore the water and wastewater management in the reservoir’s basin. Studies in the Bukówka reservoir provide important information concerning the state of the purity of the water supplying the reservoir. In order to obtain accurate information on the state of purity, a monitoring of hydrological and water quality should be continued. The studies are a part of the strategy of protection of the quality of transboundary waters, proposed in the Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes of 1992.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2015, 16, 2; 52-60
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Recirculation of Backwash Water in the Water Treatment Plant for the Needs of the Combined Heat and Power Plant
Autorzy:
Komorowska-Kaufman, Małgorzata
Toczek, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202210.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
backwash water
reuse
recirculation
water saving
industrial water treatment plant
sustainability
Opis:
The power industry is one of the most water-consuming industries, therefore water management in this sector of the economy is a very important element of sustainable development. The analysis of the management of water streams at the surface water treatment plant (WTP) with decarbonization and ion exchange for water softening and demineralization was done. The main emphasis was placed on the effect of recycling of water used for the WTP’s own purposes on the quantity of water taken from the river and the quality of treated water. The article shows that water savings should also be sought at WTP in combined heat and power plants. Accurate distribution of used technological water streams and determination of their quality allows for the appropriate indication of the points of their return to the main technological line without additional treatment or only with the use of basic technological processes, e.g. sedimentation. In the analysed WTP, the quality of the backwash water returned after treatment was in terms of parameters, i.e. conductivity, hardness, alkalinity, CODKMnO4 and iron concentration, better than the quality of raw surface water. The reduction in the amount of water abstracted due to recycling of water treatment plant technological waters was about 8.3% (approximately 130 000 m3/year).
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 11; 41--48
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Content of the Label Paper and the Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters in Bottled Water in Kosovo
Autorzy:
Çadraku, Hazir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202226.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
water quality
bottled water
physicochemical parameter
Kosovo
Opis:
Water is a vital resource for the existence of mankind and all ecosystems on Earth. Before using it, it must be ensured that water is of good quality, within the hygienic-sanitary norms for human consumption. In recent decades, the supply of drinking water has been supplemented with the water bottled in glass and plastic bottles, which is found everywhere in the market of the Republic of Kosovo. This paper deals with the content of the label paper and the variation of physico-chemical parameters of bottled water which is extracted, analyzed, processed, filled, packaged and distributed on the market of the Republic of Kosovo and beyond as a product for consumption. i.e. In this paper 20 brands of groundwater (types of water) produced and packaged in the territory of Kosovo.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 11; 122--131
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of Adjustable Outflow on the Fluctuations in the Level of Surface and Ground Water
Autorzy:
Grzywna, A.
Kowalczyk-Juśko, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123066.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
adjustable outflow
precipitation
surface water
ground water
Opis:
This paper aims to analyze the variability of the surface and ground water levels in Ambona peatlands. The depth at which the ground water table occurred was studied with reference to the adopted land drainage standards. The studies were carried out in 2009/10–2015/16 for natural and regulated water outflows. The analysis of annual total precipitation suggests that in the analyzed period some years were very wet (2009/10 and 2013/14), some were wet (2010/11, 2012/13 and 2015/16), one year was dry (2014/15) and one year was normal (2011/12). The 7-year average seasonal precipitation amounted to 598 mm, which was 71 mm higher than the average precipitation recorded in 30 years. The level of water in the river under adjustable outflow conditions ranged from 55 to 77 cm. The level of water under natural outflow ranged from 18 to 49 cm. In the area with adjustable outflow, the average draining depth was 47 cm. In the remaining area, not covered by the irrigation system, the draining depth was 64 cm. Additionally, the dynamics of variance in the water level under natural outflow conditions was clearly higher.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2018, 19, 2; 159-163
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Practical Implication of Tap Water Consumtpion Structure in Rural Households
Autorzy:
Bergel, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123101.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
rural household
water consumption
water consumption structure
Opis:
The aim of the study was to determine the structure of tap water consumption in rural households. The structure was analyzed based on direct measurements of water consumption carried out in the years 2011–2014 in 70 households in Rybna (Czernichów commune, Małopolska region). Thanks to two metering points (water supply connection and water supply point outside a residential building), it was possible to determine water consumption for the household and other purposes. The collected data indicated significant discrepancies between actual water consumption and those recommended in various guidelines. The analysis of water consumption structure showed that these discrepancies were also found for the amount of domestic sewage discharged from the rural households. This fact has significant practical implications, as the calculated metrics of unit water consumption are used during design and technical renovation of individual elements of water supply systems and for billing the inhabitants for water consumption in the households without a water meter (lump sum). The study also demonstrated inadequacy of the rule assuming that sewage amount is equal to the amount of water consumed in rural households, which is commonly used in design of sewerage networks and for calculating charges for sewage discharge.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2017, 18, 1; 231-237
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Performance of Conventional Drinking Water Treatment Plants in Removing Microplastics in East Java, Indonesia
Autorzy:
Radityaningrum, Arlini Dyah
Trihadiningrum, Yulinah
Soedjono, Eddy Setiadi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201748.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
drinking water
microplastic
removal efficiency
water treatment
Opis:
Microplastic (MP) has been a new emerging contaminant in the municipal water supply. A water treatment process is a key to producing high-quality and safe drinking water. The performance of a conventional drinking water treatment plant (CDWTP) to remove MPs is questionable. This research aimed to investigate the performance of 2 CDWTPs in East Java in removing MPs. Full-stage treatment in two CDWTPs consisted of intake, pre-sedimentation, coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation, sand filter, and disinfection units. Five L water samples were collected with a grab sampling technique in the sampling points of intake and outlet of each water treatment unit. MP abundance and characteristics in each sample were determined using a Sunshine SZM-45T-B1 stereomicroscope and a Nicolet i10 FTIR spectrophotometer. Total MP removal efficiencies in CDWTPs I and II were 66 and 62%, respectively. The coagulation-flocculation unit performed the highest MP removal efficiencies (56%). The MP with 1–350 μm size achieved lower removal efficiencies (33–53%) than that with 351-<5,000 μm size (53–76%). The removal efficiencies of fiber, fragment, and film in the CDWTPs were 61–65%; 86–100%; and 100%, respectively.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2023, 24, 6; 129--143
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Enhancement of Solar Water Disinfection Using Nanocatalysts
Autorzy:
Hamdan, Mohammad
Al Louzi, Razan
Al Aboushi, Ahmad
Abdelhafez, Eman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202290.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
solar water disinfection
nanotechnology
water treatment
solar energy
Opis:
Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a simple and low-cost method of increasing water quality. However, it takes about 6 hours of exposure to solar radiation. The elimination of harmful pathogenic germs from drinking water can be accelerated using a combination of sun disinfection and nanotechnology. In this study, a hybrid water purification technique using solar water disinfection, Titanium Oxide (TiO2), and natural mineral clays was investigated. TiO2, natural kaolin clay nanoparticles, and a mixture of TiO2 and natural clay were added to contaminated wastewater containers at different concentrations. After that, the containers were exposed to sun light for different time intervals. Samples were then collected from all tests to measure the total counts of Total Coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) using the IDEXX system. The results showed that the addition of TiO2 and natural kaolin clay to wastewater with solar water disinfection reduced the total count of the pathogenic microorganisms and decreased the time needed time for the disinfection process compared to using solar energy alone. The results also showed that the optimum concentration of the TiO2, which yielded the shortest purification time and lowest levels of pathogenic microorganisms, was 0.006 g/ml. In co ntrast, the most effective concentratio n of natural clay was 0.0015 g/ml. Moreover, the results showed that the optimum concentration of the mixture of TiO2 and natural clay, which speeds up the purification time an d lowest the level of pathogen ic microorganisms was 0.006 g/ml for TiO2 and 1.2 g/ml for the natural clay.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 12; 14--20
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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