Temat: callus culture - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Application of in vitro culture techniques to barley [Hordeum vulgare L.] improvement
Autorzy:: Ullrich, S E
Kleinhofs, A.
Hou, L.
Jones, B.L.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044453.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1998
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:: tissue culture
doubled haploid
mutagenesis
breeding programme
anther culture
in vitro
callus culture
somaclonal variation
barley
mutation
Hordeum vulgare
embryo
molecular biology
Opis:: Several aspects of in vitro culture have potential for cereal improvement. This paper focuses on evaluation of somaclonal variation (SV) from immature embryo callus culture, and doubled haploid (DH) production via anther culture in barley. Genetically stable SV was observed for several seedling morphological traits such as albino, yellow, light green and lethal. SV occurred at approximately half the frequency of azide-induced mutagenesis. The potential for widespread application of anther culture-mediated DH production in barley breeding and genetic studies was increased through culture procedure improvements and understanding the inheritance of anther culture response. Methodology improvements included substitution of inexpensive gelrite for expensive ficoll or agarose, ability to grow anther donor plants under field as well as growth chamber conditions and flexibility in cold pretreatment/storage of anther donor spikes for 4-6 weeks prior to anther plating. From diallel analysis, inheritance of anther culture response was complex with additive and dominance effects for embryoid formation, total plant regeneration and green plant regeneration and reciprocal effects (maternal) for green plant regeneration. High x low responder crosses generated F₁’s that were intermediate in response and low x low crosses sometimes produced F₁ heterosis for green plant regeneration. Therefore, some recalcitrant types appear to be usable in anther culture DH production systems within a breeding program.
Źródło:: Journal of Applied Genetics; 1998, 39, 1; 49-58
1234-1983
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Applied Genetics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Plant regeneration from immature inflorescence-derived callus of Italian ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum Lam.]: chromosome number and fertility of regenerated plants
Autorzy:: Zwierzykowski, Z
Rybczynski, J.J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044256.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1998
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:: chromosome structure
plant regeneration
female fertility
callus culture
chromosome number
meiotic behaviour
Italian rye-grass
breeding method
callus induction
plant breeding
Lolium multiflorum
immature inflorescence
Opis:: Twenty field-grown genotypes of diploid Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., 2n = 2x = 14) were tested for their ability to induce callus and regenerate plants. Callus cultures were initiated from segments of immature inflorescences cultured on the MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg L⁻¹ 2,4-D. The calluses were subcultured first on the maintaining medium (MS medium with 2.0 mg L⁻¹ 2,4-D) and later on the rooting medium (MS medium with 0.2 mg L⁻¹ 2,4-D). The frequency of callus induction varied depending on the source of explant and the initial genotype. A total of 473 green plantlets were regenerated, of which 420 were established in the soil. All these plants had the morphological characteristics of Italian ryegrass. Among 372 regenerants analysed cytologically, 302 (81.2%) had the expected diploid chromosome number (2n = 2x= 14), 65 (17.5%) were tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28); several aneuploids and mixoploids were also observed. All diploid and tetraploid regenerants were male and female fertile. However, a great variation of female fertility within and between both groups of regenerants was observed.
Źródło:: Journal of Applied Genetics; 1998, 39, 3; 217-224
1234-1983
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Applied Genetics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Influence of genetic and environmental factors on anther culture response of wheat
Autorzy:: Zhou, H
Konzak, C F
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2046623.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1997
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:: callus response
plant regeneration
environmental factor
doubled haploid
wheat
genetic factor
Triticum aestivum
anther culture
Opis:: The influences of genetic and environmental factors on the anther culture responses of wheat were investigated. Significant differences for callus induction, plant regeneration, and green plant percentages were observed when the nucleus of Triticum acstivum L. cv. Selkirk was transferred to ten alien cytoplasms by substitution backcrosses. In most cases, the alien cytoplasms decreased anther culture responses, but sometimes they were as good as or better than the T. aestivum cytoplasm. Significant within-genotype variation for anther culture responses were observed for wheat varieties Chris, Yecora Rojo, WA7176 and Edwall, indicating genetic heterogeneity in the present commercial cultivars, and potential for improving anther culture responses by in vitro prescreening. When five genotypes (Chris, Pavon 76, Butte 86, WA6916, and Edwall) were cultured across three (potato-4 liquid, 100 g L⁻¹ ficoll-supplemented, and 6 g L⁻¹ agar-solidified) induction media, the liquid and ficoll-containing media were 10 to 15 times more productive than the agar-solidified medium. Whereas, the ficoll medium was not significantly different from the liquid medium. Several low concentration starch media appeared promising to replace current induction media. The starch media sustained the highcallus-induction properties of the liquid medium, while improving callus aeration similar to that observed on solid media, resulting in markedly higher plant regeneration and green plant percentages.
Źródło:: Journal of Applied Genetics; 1997, 38, 4; 393-406
1234-1983
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Applied Genetics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Somaclonal selection of physiological mutants and several problems related to rice cell breeding
Autorzy:: Kinoshita, T
Mori, K.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044460.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1998
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:: chromosome variation
japonica rice
Oryza
African rice
physiological mutant
gamma-radiation
anther culture
hybrid plant
protoplast isolation
callus induction
callus formation
aneuploidy
indica rice
herbicide tolerance
hybrid
Kitaake cultivar
gametoclonal variation
somatic hybrid
rice
Opis:: Tolerance to a new herbicide, pyributycarb, was evaluated both at the plant and cellular levels. Several highly or moderately tolerant strains chosen at the plant level, showed a parallel relation of to tolerance at the cellular level. However, on the whole, correlation between total tolerance indices and survival rates of calli was not significant in 18 out of the 80 studied strains. As a result of somaclonal selection for two herbicides, lines NB-200 and NM-100 were regenerated from the tolerant calli screened with benthiocarb at 200 ppm, and molinate at 100 ppm, respectively. In the R₂ generation, both the lines displaned a stable tolerance both at the plant and cellular levels. Thus the highly tolerant mutant lines were developed from a moderately tolerant line, N-61, via in vitro selection. To achieve a short-cut method in the interspecific genetic exchange, a series of techniques related to cell fusion were established in rice and related species. Two kinds of somatic hybrids between the cultivar Kitaake and tetraploid Oryza species, O. punctata and O. officinalis, were successfully produced. Among the somatic hybrid plants, a wide range of chromosomal variation was observed. Aneuploid plants with a chromosome number around 2n = 72 (hexaploid), which are expected from a symmetric fusion between diploid and tetraploid strains, were obtained showing mixoploidy within a plant. Most of the somatic hybrids were characterized by intermediate features of plant-type showing high sterility, shattering of spikelets and reduced plant height. As an exception, a diploid plant, which was identified by RFLP analysis using the rDNA gene probe, closely resembled Kitaake and produced viable seeds. A tetraploid hybrid plant was also promising for the introduction of economically important characters through the reduction of chromosome numbers by doubled haploids. Gametoclonal variation and gamma radiation was applied to Kitaake. The mutation frequency was prominently increased by gamma ray treatment, especially at high doses of 200 Gy or 300 Gy. In the M₃R₂ or M₄R₃ generations, most of the variants showed unfavourable characters. Most of the mutant characters were governed by single or double recessive genes. Several mutants such as short culm and early flowering time might be used for rice breeding.
Źródło:: Journal of Applied Genetics; 1998, 39, 1; 9-35
1234-1983
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Applied Genetics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Somaclonal variation in winter wheat [Triticum aestivum L.]: frequency, occurrence and inheritance
Autorzy:: Cheng, X Y
Gao, M.W.
Liang, Z.Q.
Liu, G.Z.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044461.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1998
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:: inheritance
tissue culture
Triticum aestivum
occurrence
in vitro
winter wheat
gene mutation
plant breeding
callus induction
frequency
somaclonal variation
wheat
embryo
Opis:: Plants were regenerated from immature embryo cultures of 35 winter wheat genotypes. General responses of regenerated plants were investigated and a total of 7142 R₂ spike lines from 1593 R₁ plants were assessed in the field for somaclonal variants in 1985/86, 1986/87 and 1987/88. Selected variants were studied for their possible genetic inheritance. From regenerated plantlets, 81% survived and 63% produced fertile plants. Forms with reduced plant height, length of spike and other morphological abnormalities were found in this progeny. Populations of R₁ plants were highly variable due mainly to the physiological disturbances resulting from the in vitro process. Overall somaclonal variation frequencies were 14.2% per plant basis and 5.3% per R₂ spike basis. The variants were similar in the three different R₂ generations with predominant variants being negative in plant height, maturity, awns, spike type and plant type. Both uniform R₂ variant families and spike lines were found in addition to the segregating variants which constituted the majority. On average, in a variant family or line, 18% and 14% of their component lines and plants were variants, respectively. Inheritability was demonstrated for the uniform variant families and spike lines as well as segregated variants. Of those 134 selections, about 70% were classified as inheritable. Both recessive and dominant gene mutations at one, two or three loci were evident in some variants as suggested by the segregating data.
Źródło:: Journal of Applied Genetics; 1998, 39, 1; 59-72
1234-1983
Pojawia się w:: Journal of Applied Genetics
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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