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Tytuł:
Simultaneous Occupational Exposure to FM and UHF Transmitters
Autorzy:
Valic, B.
Kos, B.
Gajsek, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90025.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
occupational exposure
simultaneous exposure
measurements
numerical calculation
SAR
FM
UHF
FDTD
Opis:
Occupational exposure caused by large broadcasting transmitters exceeds current reference levels. As it is common for different radio and TV transmitters to share the location, we analysed combined exposure on a 40-m high mast. The frequency modulation (FM) transmitter, located between the 10th and 30th metre, had the power of 25 kW, whereas an ultra-high frequency (UHF) transmitter of 5 kW occupied the top 8 m of the mast. Measured and calculated values of the electric field strength exceeded the reference levels up to 10 times; however, the results for the specific absorption rate (SAR) values show that the reference levels are very conservative for FM exposure, i.e., basic restrictions are not exceeded even when the reference levels are exceeded 10 times. However, for UHF exposure the reference levels are not conservative; they give a good prediction of real exposure.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2012, 18, 2; 161-170
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Noise Exposure Levels of Priests and Worshippers in Protestant Churches
Autorzy:
Silva, L. F.
Cabral, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90659.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
noise
exposure
churches
worship
Opis:
Context. Worship in Protestant churches in Brazil is very noisy. Thus, this practice may pose a hearing risk. Aims. To evaluate the priests’ and worshippersʼ noise exposure during worship. Settings and design. The analysis was carried out in 5 churches located in the city of São José dos Campos, Brazil. Methods and material. To estimate the worshippers’ noise exposure, an author of this study was also submitted to dosimetry. The methodology was based on Fundacentro’s Occupational Hygiene Standard No. NHO-01 (2001). Weekly noise exposure was estimated according to the priest’s information about the number of services in the period. Results. The priest’s noise exposure was over the recommended limits. The normalized exposure level varied between 95.4 to 99.5 dB(A). In 2 of the churches, the noise exposure registered, with values of 85.3 and 86.5 dB(A), may also pose risk to the worshippers. Conclusions. Worship in the churches generated sound pressure levels that imply health risk, especially to priests, so hearing conservation programs with adequate acoustical sanitation measures must be implemented there.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2011, 17, 1; 79-86
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Simultaneous Exposure to Benzene and Ethanol on Urinary Thioether Excretion
Autorzy:
Mikov, I.
Stankov, K.
Vasovic, V.
Mikov, A.
Golocorbin-Kon, S.
Mikov, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90193.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
benzene
ethanol
exposure
thioethers
Opis:
The toxicity of benzene is not an issue of the past, especially in developing countries. Bone marrow toxicity is demonstrated among workers. In this study, the effect of simultaneous exposure to benzene and ethanol on benzene metabolism in mice was investigated by measuring the excretion of thioethers in urine. Urinary thioether excretion significantly decreased in the mice receiving both benzene and ethanol compared with the animals receiving benzene only. The assay of determining thioethers in urine samples in this study is a simple and low-cost method, thus suitable for routine use, especially in developing countries, not only for benzene,but also for other alkilating agents, which can be found during occupational exposure. Our results suggest that further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of decreased urinary excretion of thioether after simultaneous exposure to benzene and ethanol.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2012, 18, 1; 107-111
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Occupational Exposure Assessment on an FM Mast: Electric Field and SAR Values
Autorzy:
Valic, B.
Kos, B.
Gajsek, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/89858.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
occupational exposure
exposure assessment
measurements
numerical calculation
SAR
FM
radio tower
FDTD
Opis:
Electric field strengths normally exceed the reference levels for occupational exposure in close vicinity to large frequency modulation (FM) transmitters. Thus, a detailed investigation on compliance with basic restrictions is needed before any administrative protection measures are applied. We prepared a detailed numerical model of a 20-kW FM transmitter on a 32-m mast. An electrically isolated anatomical human model was placed in 3 different positions inside the mast in the region where the values of the electric field were highest. The electric field strengths in this region were up to 700 V/m. The highest calculated whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) was 0.48 W/kg, whereas the maximum 10-g average SAR in the head and trunk was 1.66 W/kg. The results show that the reference levels in the FM frequency range are very conservative for near field exposure. SAR values are not exceeded even for fields 10 times stronger than the reference levels.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2012, 18, 2; 149-159
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The BG Measurement System for Hazardous Substances (BGMG) and the Exposure Database of Hazardous Substances (MEGA)
Autorzy:
Gabriel, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90190.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
BGMG
exposure data
MEGA exposure database
zagrożenia zdrowia
zagrożenia chemiczne
substancje niebezpieczne
narażenie zawodowe
Opis:
German employers’ liability insurance associations or Berufsgenossenschaften (BGs)—institutions for statutory accident insurance—maintain a measurement system for hazardous substances, the so-called BGMG. The aim of the BGMG is to determine and document valid results of measurements of exposure primarily for prevention purposes. The data are collected systematically, in parallel to the sampling in a company. Parameters which are supposed to have a visible effect on exposure levels are documented. The MEGA database (documentation of measurement data relating to workplace exposure to hazardous substances) holds 1,629 million measurement values, which have been compiled in since 1972. The database offers a host of selection possibilities for assessments depending on the evaluation strategy.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2006, 12, 1; 101-104
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EU Directive, ICNIRP Guidelines and Polish Legislation on Electromagnetic Fields
Autorzy:
Karpowicz, J.
Hietanen, M.
Gryz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90412.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
electromagnetic fields
occupational exposure
exposure assessment
regulations
pole elektromagnetyczne
prawo
ekspozycja
narażenie zawodowe
dyrektywy
Opis:
This review describes the general provisions of and the philosophy behind European Directive 2004/40/EC and ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) guidelines. As an example of national legislation on the protection of workers against excessive electromagnetic field exposure, regulations established in Poland are summarized. The problems of a practical implementation of the Directive’s provisions are discussed.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2006, 12, 2; 125-136
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Occupational Exposure to Asbestos During Renovation of Oil-Shale Fuelled Power Plants in Estonia
Autorzy:
Kangur, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/91035.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
asbestos
occupational exposure
power plant
renovation
Opis:
Many thousands of tonnes of asbestos were used in buildings in the past, especially for thermal insulation of pipes and boilers in power plants. Occupational exposure to asbestos dust now mainly occurs during demolition, renovation and routine maintenance activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate occupational exposure to airborne asbestos during renovation of solid oil-shale fuelled power plants carried out in 2001–2003. Air monitoring inside and outside of the renovation area was performed. The concentration of airborne fibres in the working environment increased during renovation but the valid limit value (0.1 fibres/cm3) was not exceeded.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2007, 13, 3; 341-346
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Video-Based Observation Method to Assess Musculoskeletal Load in Kitchen Work
Autorzy:
Pehkonen, I.
Ketola, R.
Ranta, R.
Takala, E. P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90868.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
ergonomics
exposure
posture
force
repeatability
validity
Opis:
This paper describes a new video-based observation method aimed to assess musculoskeletal load in kitchen work, aspects of its repeatability and validity, and problems confronted by the observers. Two pairs of researchers observed individually 117 video clips recorded in kitchens. Interobserver repeatability was assessed by computing the proportion of agreement and weighted kappa values (κw). Validity was analyzed by studying the distribution of the assessments over the rating scales and the ratings before and after the interventions, which were compared with expert assessments made from the same intervention targets. The proportion of agreement ranged from 57 to 88%. Interobserver repeatability based on weighted kappa values was mainly good to moderate. The method detected the changes in physical load due to the interventions. Direction of the changes corresponded with the expert assessments. Further development of the method is needed to assess the load on the hands and wrists.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2009, 15, 1; 75-88
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exposure of Workers to Electromagnetic Fields. A Review of Open Questions on Exposure Assessment Techniques
Autorzy:
Mild, K. H.
Alanko, T.
Decat, G.
Falsaperla, R.
Gryz, K.
Hietanen, M.
Karpowicz, J.
Rossi, P.
Sandstrom, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/91031.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
occupational exposure
exposure assessment
measurements
numerical simulations
safety guidelines
EU directive
compliance testing
medical implants
health examination
Opis:
European Directive 2004/40/EC on occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF), based on the guidelines of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, was to be implemented in the Member States of the European Union by 2008. Because of some unexpected problems the deadline was postponed until 2012. This paper reviews some of the problems identified and presents some suggestions for possible solutions based on the authors’ experience in assessing occupational exposure to EMF. Among the topics discussed are movement in static magnetic fields, ways to time average extreme low frequency signals, the difference between emission and exposure standards, and ways of dealing with those issues.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2009, 15, 1; 3-33
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Health Risk Assessment of Occupational Exposure to a Magnetic Field From Magnetic Resonance Imaging Devices
Autorzy:
Karpowicz, J.
Gryz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90650.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
MRI
occupational exposure
electromagnetic fields
exposure assessment
pole elektromagnetyczne
zagrożenia zdrowia
ocena ryzyka zawodowego
pole magnetyczne
narażenie zawodowe
Opis:
Health care staff who operate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices are exposed to a static magnetic field of significant spatial heterogenity always produced by MRI magnets during the whole shift. They can also be exposed to pulses of a time-varying magnetic field (gradient field) present only during patients’ examinations. The level of the workers’ exposure depends both on the type of the magnet and on the ergonomic design of each MRI device. The paper presents methods used for measuring and assessing workers’ exposure. It also discusses the results of inspection measurements carried out next to approximately 20 MRI devices of approximately 0.2–2.0 T. The presented characteristic and overview of the variability of workers’ exposure to a variety of MRI devices supports the need for data on monitoring occupational exposure to MRI. International exposure assessment standards and guidelines (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection [ICNIRP], Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers [IEEE], American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygienists [ACGIH], European Commission directive), and those established in Poland are also compared.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2006, 12, 2; 155-167
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Measurement of Effective Noise Exposure of Workers Wearing Ear-Muffs
Autorzy:
Kotarbińska, E.
Kozłowski, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90912.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
noise exposure
hearing protectors
earmuffs
real-world attenuation
Opis:
This paper presents the methodology and the results of binaural measurements of exposure to noise for 91 industry workers wearing ear-muffs. The results revealed that 18.7% of the workers were exposed to noise of equivalent A-weighted sound pressure levels of over 80 dB(A) and 7.7% to levels of over 85 dB(A). The measured levels were compared with those calculated with the octave-band method according to Standard No. EN 458:2004. The differences ranged from – 3 dB(A) to 26.5 dB(A); their statistical distribution did not indicate any data which could suggest derating laboratory measurements. The main causes of exposure to noise higher by over 3 dB(A) than that theoretically predicted were the bad technical condition of ear-muffs (32.2% of the cases) and an incorrect way of wearing them (15.2%).
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2009, 15, 2; 193-200
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Combined Effects of Noise and Shift Work on Fatigue as a Function of Age
Autorzy:
Saremi, M.
Rohmer, O.
Burgmeier, A.
Bonnefond, A.
Muzet, A.
Tassi, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90329.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
noise exposure
shift work
ageing
sleep
general fatigue
Opis:
The study was conducted to analyse possible interactions between noise and shift work on fatigue as a function of age. In a large questionnaire survey, we assessed personal and environmental risk factors related to fatigue. Noise exposure at work (LAeq, 8hr) was measured with personal noise dosimetry. The sample included 254 day and shift workers, and was divided into 2 age groups (<40- and >40-year-olds). Noise exposure had a main effect on fatigue. The highest noise exposure resulted in an increase in the fatigue level of older shift workers. The quantity of sleep mainly depended on the type of shift and age. Our data suggest that the most important factor generating fatigue could be related to industrial noise exposure, a factor which seems to aggravate work-related fatigue generated in a synergic manner by shift work and ageing. Senior workers should be prevented from cumulating those occupational stressors.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2008, 14, 4; 387-394
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Central Auditory Damage Induced by Solvent Exposure
Autorzy:
Fuente, A.
McPherson, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/89875.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
auditory processing
auditory damage
hearing
solvent exposure
speech discrimination
Opis:
Different studies have demonstrated that solvents may induce auditory damage. It has been suggested that part of this damage may be localised in central auditory pathways. The present study aimed to investigate possible auditory processing disorders related to solvent exposure. Thirty solvent-exposed workers and 30 gender-, age- and educational level-matched control subjects were selected to participate in the study. To select participants, a questionnaire, otoscopy, pure-tone audiometry and tympanometry were carried out. Filtered speech (FS), random gap detection (RGD) and hearing-in-noise tests (HINT) were conducted in the selected participants. Both groups of workers presented as a mean normal hearing thresholds. However, significant differences between groups were observed for RGD, FS and HINT. It is concluded that a possible auditory processing disorder may be related to solvent exposure.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2007, 13, 4; 391-397
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Measuring Coupling Forces Woodcutters Exert on Saws in Real Working Conditions
Autorzy:
Malinowska-Borowska, J.
Harazin, B.
Zieliński, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/90357.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
coupling forces
hydro-electronic force meter
chainsaw
vibration exposure
Opis:
Prolonged exposure to hand–arm vibration (HAV) generated by chainsaws can cause HAV syndrome, i.e., disorders in the upper extremities of forestry workers. Progress of HAV syndrome depends on the intensity of mechanical vibration transmitted throughout the body, which is directly proportional to coupling forces applied by the woodcutter to a vibrating tool. This study aimed to establish a method of measuring coupling forces exerted by chainsaw workers in real working conditions. Coupling forces exerted by workers with their right and left hands were measured with a hydro-electronic force meter. Wood hardness, the type of chainsaw and the kind of forest operation, i.e., felling, cross-cutting or limbing, were considered.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2012, 18, 1; 77-83
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Facilities for Music Education and Their Acoustical Design
Autorzy:
Koskinen, H.
Toppila, E.
Olkinuora, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/89954.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
music
sound exposure
room acoustics
reverberation time
sound absorption
Opis:
Good rehearsal facilities for musicians are essential. Directive 2003/10/EC necessitates that musicians are protected from noise exposure. A code of conduct gives the guidelines how this should be done. This study examines room acoustics recommendations provided by the Finnish code of conduct, and discusses whether they are adequate. Small teaching facilities were measured after renovation and compared to earlier measurements. Teachers’ opinions were inquired about the facilities before and after. The renovation did not decrease the noise exposure of the teachers. However, the majority preferred the facilities after the renovation. The Finnish code of conduct is not sufficient for facilities where loud instruments are played, or band practise. Good facilities can be designed but they must be specified at the designing stage for their intended use.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2010, 16, 1; 93-104
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 45

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