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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    History as an Apology for Totalitarianism
    Autorzy:
    Nowak, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1956288.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
    Tematy:
    Russia
    USSR
    Communism
    Russian ideology
    politics of history
    Imperialism
    Opis:
    This article discusses selected publications which reinterpret Russian history in a spirit of rehabilitating the Soviet past and highlighting the USSR’s role as a vehicle for Russia’s assumed historical role (including Utkin 1993, Utkin 1999a, Utkin 1999b, Solzhenitsyn 1995, Solzhenitsyn 2001–2002, Mel’tyukhov 2001, Narochnitskaya 2005c, Narochnitskaya 2005a, Mitrofanov 2005). In addition to this, it contextualises them with initiatives undertaken by the Russian Federation’s government (including the standardisation of history textbooks’ content and the activities of the Presidential Commission to counteract attempts to falsify history to the detriment of Russian interests). The points of view presented here, which are considered representative for a certain part of the historical discourse in contemporary Russia, integrate Russia’s totalitarian period (the USSR from 1917 to 1991) into the course of its broader history, as the basis of an interpretation which accepts a priori statements regarding the sense of Russia’s history and her role in world history. Among the observed trends, this text highlights the approval of certain features of the communist dictatorship as corresponding to Russian ideology; the adaptation of Soviet ideology to Russia’s policy of memory; the emphasis on ideological, political and military confrontation with the Western world as a permanent feature of Russian history; and the reinterpretation of Russian history in such a way as to continuously justify all the actions of the Russian state over the centuries, both externally (interpreting Russian aggression and imperialism as a means of defence against her enemies, liberation, or the reintegration of the Russian community) and internally (presenting terror as a means of defence against an alleged ‘fifth column’, or as the modernisation of the country).
    Źródło:
    Institute of National Remembrance Review; 2019, 1; 311-349
    2658-1566
    Pojawia się w:
    Institute of National Remembrance Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Politics of History of the Third Polish Republic: ReOrientation (1989–2007)
    Autorzy:
    Nowak, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1956456.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
    Tematy:
    Russia
    USSR
    Communism
    Russian ideology
    politics of history
    imperialism
    Opis:
    This article summarises the concepts behind the direction of Polish politics towards Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus and Russia in placing Poland’s new international relations in Central and Eastern Europe due to its historical ties with the countries of the region. A significant verbal role was played by the reception in Polish politics of the doctrine of Mieroszewski and Giedroyc—the so-called ULB (Ukraine–Lithuania–Belarus). It assumed the establishment of special relations with these countries, and, at the same time, waiving claims to territories lost by Poland after 1939. The application of this idea was conditioned by the internal political dynamics of Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, and Lithuania, and their mutual relations that determined the effectiveness of this doctrine. A key role in shaping Poland’s policy towards these countries was played by an “historical factor”—the exchange of mutual declarations concerning the past; this sometimes included the transmission of documentation—for instance the Katyn massacre evidence documents were transferred to Poland in 1990 by the Russian authorities. These actions served as tools of political rapprochement, and they sometimes resulted in opening the way to re-examine previous historical interpretations (especially in Polish–Lithuanian and Polish–Ukrainian relations). The question of investigating the crimes of the USSR against Poles, including above all the Katyn massacre (1940), played an important role in the rapprochement in Polish–Russian relations in the early period of President Yeltsin’s rule. One of the repercussions of implementing this concept and its conciliar priorities in Polish foreign policy and in its internal formal discourse was the suppression of some recently recreated areas of collective memory and currents of historical discourse; this especially concerned Polish–Ukrainian relations, in the context of, among others, the massacre in Volhynia in 1942–1943. Another result was transferring possible settlements to the responsibility of the state and the Polish community—a particular example of which was a resolution of the Polish Senate concerning Operation “Vistula” (Akcja “Wisła” in 1947) that was adopted in 1990.
    Źródło:
    Institute of National Remembrance Review; 2020, 2; 225-261
    2658-1566
    Pojawia się w:
    Institute of National Remembrance Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Myth of the Great Patriotic War in Post-Communist Russian Cinema: Causes, Effects, Perspectives
    Autorzy:
    Tsibets, Ilya
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2108325.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
    Tematy:
    Great Patriotic War
    Russia
    Russian cinema
    ideology
    politics of history
    Opis:
    This article is an original attempt to define the main features of the myth of the Great Patriotic War in post-Communist Russian cinema. By combining historical, cultural and film studies, the author defines the reasons for the appearance of the above-mentioned myth and its popularity, and indicates the effects of the ideologisation of an event which has been important for politics of history during the rule of Boris Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin. The article will cite examples of films containing repetitive narrative elements that appear with varying intensity and regularity in the Russian political and public discourse on the Great Patriotic War. The author will also refer to how such films have been received, and will define a potential perspective for the further development of this theme.
    Źródło:
    Institute of National Remembrance Review; 2021-2022, 3; 245-271
    2658-1566
    Pojawia się w:
    Institute of National Remembrance Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The History and Politics of the Russian Federation: a War for Memory, or a War against Memory?
    Autorzy:
    Darczewska, Jolanta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1956254.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
    Tematy:
    politics of history
    politics of memory
    the Russian Historical Society
    Rosarkhiv
    information warfare
    culture wars
    historical-cultural standard
    Opis:
    The term ‘wars of memory’ refers to the Russian specificity of the issues described in the West as ‘politics of history’ or the ‘politics of memory’. The historical arguments which are employed in the Russian Federation in the context of information and cultural warfare, and are identified with the war over the interpretation of history, are being used to achieve the Kremlin’s political objectives in both its domestic and external arenas: any visions which conflict with the official one are discredited as anti-Russian and falsifications of the history of Russia. This text consists of three parts. The first discusses the evolution of the problem in Russian public discourse since the collapse of the USSR; the second describes the historical-cultural standard currently operative in Russia (its pattern of assessments and historical interpretations); and the third, outlines the manifestations of the state’s involvement in implementing its specifically understood politics of memory, with particular emphasis on the role of the Russian Historical Society and Rosarkhiv. The ‘wars’ discussed in this article have become one of the systemic mechanisms for Russia’s confrontation with both the external environment and its internal opposition. The memory and historical-cultural identity as disseminated now are leading to a secondary Sovietisation of society and the mobilisation of imperial and nationalist (ethnocentric, ethnically Russian) resentments within the Russian Federation.
    Źródło:
    Institute of National Remembrance Review; 2019, 1; 351-376
    2658-1566
    Pojawia się w:
    Institute of National Remembrance Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Religion of Victory, the Cult of a Superpower. The Myth of the Great Patriotic War in the Contemporary Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation
    Autorzy:
    Domańska, Maria
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2108332.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
    Tematy:
    Russia
    the Great Patriotic War
    the Victory of 1945
    politics of history
    the great power politics
    authoritarianism
    World War II
    propaganda
    Russian foreign policy
    Opis:
    The glorification of the Soviet victory over Nazism is the focal point of Russia’s politics of history and an element of the ideological offensive that aims to legitimise Russian great-power ambitions. The narrative centred on the victory has a strong religious, not to say, messianic dimension. It aims to whitewash the dark chapters of Soviet history and legitimise the wars Moscow waged after 1945. According to the contemporary neo-Soviet interpretations, these wars were always defensive and justified by external circumstances. At the same time, distinctly anti-Western rhetoric is becoming more and more perceptible in Russian propaganda. The repeated accusations of “eternal” attempts by the West to destroy Russia and destabilise the global order are intensifying. The official discourse is marked by the nostalgia for the lost empire and the “concert of powers” that was established at the Yalta conference; it also seeks to justify violence as a tool of foreign policy. Its overriding aim is to legitimise the authoritarian regime and Moscow’s contemporary strategic goals, such as the hegemony in the post-Soviet area and the reshaping of the European security architecture. The official narrative is promoted by the state institutions, the educational system, the Kremlin-controlled media outlets and a network of social organisations subsidised by the state. It is also safeguarded by the administrative and criminal law and the apparatus of repression.
    Źródło:
    Institute of National Remembrance Review; 2021-2022, 3; 77-125
    2658-1566
    Pojawia się w:
    Institute of National Remembrance Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Presidential Commission of the Russian Federation to Counter Attempts to Falsify History to the Detriment of Russia’s Interests (2009–12)
    Autorzy:
    Darczewska, Jolanta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2108331.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
    Tematy:
    The Presidential Commission of the Russian Federation to Counter Attempts to Falsify History to the Detriment of Russia’s Interests
    politics of history
    politics of memory
    historical propaganda
    active measures in the field of history
    information warfare
    Dmitri Medvedev
    Sergey Naryshkin
    Opis:
    Abstract: The Presidential Commission of the Russian Federation to Counter Attempts to Falsify History to the Detriment of Russia’s Interests (Комиссия при президенте Российской Федерации по противодействию попыткам фальсификации истории в ущерб интересам России), established in 2009, was intended to serve as Russia’s response to similar attempts at institutionalisation in the Central and Eastern Europe region (such as the historical commissions in the Baltic states, and the Institutes of National Remembrance in Poland and Ukraine). At the same time, its activities showed a multidimensional approach, combining elements of security policy with education, culture and media, public and non-public memory policy, and formal and informal activities. Although the official emphasis was mainly on the external (foreign) determinants of the Commission’s genesis, it also became an important element of domestic policy. The Commission only operated for three years (2009–2012), but its importance as a tool of Kremlin policy cannot be overestimated. It turned difficult historical issues into “historical weapons”; introduced international public discourse to the Russian narrative, which was constructed in a spirit of confrontation with the memories of its neighbours; coordinated the activities of formal state organisations, as well as those which operated as nominally non-state bodies but were financed by the state; expanded the community of expert research which argued the Russian narrative while undermining others from abroad; and examined the options for transmitting the desired attitudes and opinions to wider audiences, creating systemic mechanisms of what has been called “counteracting the falsification of history.” The aim of this article is to show the institutional and organisational aspect of this phenomenon.
    Źródło:
    Institute of National Remembrance Review; 2021-2022, 3; 127-176
    2658-1566
    Pojawia się w:
    Institute of National Remembrance Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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