Temat: Waste management - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Analysis of illegal landfills in the north-west part of Barlinek municipality
Autorzy:: Szydłowski, K.
Podlasińska, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101323.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:: illegal landfill
waste
waste management
Opis:: During the conducted study, 18 objects of illegal dumping of waste were inventoried. All inventoried objects are located in the north-west part of the Barlinek municipality. Each found illegal landfill was measured with measuring tape and its length, width and height of the deposited waste was recorded. For each location, percentage content of waste deposited, as well as its surface area and volume were calculated. All located waste landfills were divided into spot waste landfills, multi-point landfills, area landfills and linear landfills. Spot landfill is the dominant type of illegal waste landfills - 12 objects, multi-point landfills were found in three locations and area landfills in two locations. Only one linear landfill was located. Waste disposal sites were located at different distance from residential areas. It has been determined, that the formation of illegal waste landfills is very often linked to the ease of availability of the local residents to the locations of waste disposal in the form of access roads or good location of the site. It has been determined, that despite the reforms of the waste management, abandonment of waste on undesignated sites is still observed - at six places the new wastes has been added after the 4 years from first observation and only 2 places were cleared.
Źródło:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2016, IV/1; 1269-1279
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Methods of disposal and management of packaging waste used by residents of Wadowice county
Autorzy:: Jakubowski, T.
Sobol, Z.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101109.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:: packaging
waste
segregation
waste management
survey
Opis:: The aim of the paper was to examine the methods of disposal and management of selected packaging waste used by the residents of Wadowice County. Packaging, based on its function, can be made of different materials, which may make its correct segregation more difficult. This may influence the way the consumer manages of packaging waste. The study was carried out in 5 rural municipalities in Wadowice County in the period of 2015-2017. The scope of the study included different types of packaging: plastic, metal, paper and cardboard, glass, wood and multi-material. An anonymous survey was the research tool employed in the study. The paper showed a correlation between people interested in getting back a deposit for returnable glass packaging and actions taken in the scope of waste segregation.
Źródło:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2018, IV/1; 1021-1031
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: The examples of modern solutions in the field of waste management in circular economy model transformation
Autorzy:: Muweis, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101289.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:: municipal waste
National Smart Specialisations
innovative method
waste management field
Opis:: The work examines the role of innovative solutions in order to make more efficient use of waste and the reduction of their storage. Such solutions are necessary in the transformation process of linear economy to circular model. In the new model, the role of waste is being changed. Waste has not yet been treated as a by-product of economic activity but as a valuable resource that can be reused in the production process. There were also analysed how extent is the development of innovativeness in Poland in comparison to other European Union Member Countries. There is also analysed the direction of changes in the waste management field, especially in the structure of municipal waste. Another aim is to examine the examples of the Polish enterprises acting in waste management sector and the kind of innovative methods they use. In the article there were also presented supportive tools for implementing innovations in enterprises, with a focus on the waste management. They include among others: National Smart Specialisations and Regional Smart Specialisations.
Źródło:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2017, IV/3; 1785-1797
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Quantitive and qualitative analysis of household waste - comparison of official data and results of case study
Autorzy:: Stejskal, B.
Mašíček, T.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101117.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:: household waste amount
household waste composition
waste management information system
waste analysis
Opis:: Statistical data of household waste management and relevant data found by one year long direct survey at five households were compared. While the composition of residual (mixed) household waste is determined by sieve analysis and manual aftersorting to predetermined groups (and the material composition of waste that passes through a sieve mesh of 8x8 mm openings is not detected by this analysis), during the direct survey in households all the household waste is sorted to predetermined groups. Official information systems report that average total amount of household waste is 301 kg per person and just less than 4 % of it is sorted to usable fractions. The direct survey shows that avarage total amount of household waste is just 164 kg per person and it is possible to sort 63 % of it.
Źródło:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2016, IV/4; 1867-1877
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Synthesis of bees’ chitosan based hydrogels containing Aloe vera
Autorzy:: Kudłacik-Kramarczyk, S.
Drabczyk, A.
Tyliszczak, B.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101614.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:: beetosan
chitosan
hydrogels
Aloe vera
bees
waste management
Opis:: Chitosan based hydrogels due to their specific properties and structure belong to the group of materials widely used in medicine. They are used as drug carriers with controlled release of active substances and in the preparation of innovative wound dressings. The main aim of the conducted research was the choice of the most favorable parameters for carrying the cross-linking reaction by means of UV radiation and microwaves. Subsequently, an adequate composition of the mixture containing chitosan and gelatin for further modification of such prepared the polymer matrix with Aloe vera extract was selected. Subsequently, an impact of introduction of Aloe vera extract into hydrogel on its physicochemical properties and structure was determined. The scope of the research included the measurement of swelling abilities of hydrogels in distilled water and selected simulated body fluids as well as incubation studies aimed at determination of tendency of prepared materials to degradation in previously mentioned fluids and their compatibility in relation to such environments. In order to characterize the chemical structure of the polymers and impact of incubation on this structure spectroscopic analysis was performed. Microscopic analysis was used to define the surface morphology of the hydrogels. Moreover, materials containing Aloe vera extract were subjected to the studies of release of additive from hydrogel matrix. Research was conducted both in acid and alkaline environment.
Źródło:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2017, IV/2; 1687-1698
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: The role and place of solid waste transfer station in the waste management system
Autorzy:: Zemanek, J.
Wozniak, A.
Malinowski, M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/60968.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:: municipal solid waste
solid waste transfer station
waste management
place
household waste
Directive 75-442-EEC
waste deposition
transfer station
waste management system
Polska
Europe
environmental impact
Opis:: The municipal waste is a waste type that includes predominantly household waste (domestic waste) with sometimes the addition of commercial wastes collected by a municipality within a given area. EU waste management principles were defined in the Waste Framework Directive 75/442/EEC. A transfer station is a building or processing site for the temporary deposition of waste. Transfer stations are often used as places where local waste collection vehicles will deposit their waste cargo prior to loading it into larger vehicles. The primary reason for using transfer station is to reduce the cost of transporting waste to disposal facilities. There are many countries in Europe using this solution in waste management system, for example: Germany, Belgium, Austria, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland. Waste transfer stations play there an important role in a community's total waste management system, serving as the link between a community's solid waste collection program and a final waste disposal facility. In Poland only several waste transfer stations exist, but none of them fulfils the role like this station located in EU or United States of America. This article includes characteristics and role of solid waste transfer stations (located mainly at rural area) in waste management systems.
Źródło:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2011, 11
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 7.

Tytuł:: Assessment of segregated waste accumulation efficiency in selected suburban communities
Autorzy:: Malinowski, M.
Kopytko, A.M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/61721.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:: assessment
waste management
municipal solid waste
segregated waste
accumulation efficiency
suburban community
Opis:: Among solid wastes one may distinguish mixed wastes, segregated wastes (collected selectively) and biodegradable wastes originating from open-air markets, green areas or cemeteries. Mixed wastes have constituted the largest proportion in the stream of municipal solid waste (MSW), both before and after the changes in waste management system in Poland introduced on 1 July 2013. The other group, regarding the collected wastes volume, is so-called segregation. It has been forecasted that in the nearest future the amount of segregated wastes will be successively growing. The article presents the analysis of selectively collected wastes (paper, plastics, glass and metal) indicators from lower administrative units of Liszki and Mogilany communities. The degree of segregated wastes accumulation efficiency was assessed on the basis of conducted computation. The communities selected for the analysis are suburban municipalities, situated in the area of Krakow agglomeration in the immediate vicinity of the main city of the Malopolskie voivodeship. The main aim of the work was an assessment of selective accumulation of municipal solid wastes in suburban communities. Values of quantitative indices, characterizing mixed and segregated municipal solid waste generated by the inhabitants of individual lower administrative units of the studied communities were subjected to a detailed analysis. The data assumed for the investigations cover the period from July 2012 to June 2013. As results from conducted analyses actual indices of wastes accumulation differ from the indices determined on the basis of statistical data and the data stated in the Waste Management Plans, which may evidence a high ecological awareness of the analysed areas inhabitants. The efficiency of selective waste accumulation in the analysed communities was on a similar level and exceeded 20%, i.e. was twice higher than the average for Poland.
Źródło:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2014, IV/3
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 8.

Tytuł:: Logistyka zagospodarowania odpadów opakowaniowych - studium przypadku
Logistic of packaging waste management system - case study
Autorzy:: Jakubowski, T.
Sołowiej, P.
Sikora, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/100987.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:: odpady opakowaniowe
gospodarka odpadami
logistyka odzysku
packaging waste
waste management
recovery logistics
Opis:: W pracy analizowano funkcjonowanie istniejącego systemu logistycznego w zakresie gospodarowania odpadami opakowaniowymi w miejsko-wiejskiej gminie Wadowice. Analizę prowadzono z uwzględnieniem sprawności procesów planowania, wykonania i kontrolowania przepływu strumienia odpadów opakowaniowych. W celu zebrania materiału do badań bazowano głównie na dostępnej dokumentacji będącej w zasobach jednostek samorządu terytorialnego, wywiadach przeprowadzanych w przedsiębiorstwach logistycznych zaangażowanych w system odbioru i transportu odpadów z badanego obszaru oraz wywiadach przeprowadzanych z mieszkańcami gminy (wytwórcami odpadów). Badania realizowano w latach 2013-2016. Wyniki badań zestawiano tabelarycznie, prezentowano graficznie oraz wyliczono podstawowe miary statystyczne. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły na ocenę realizowanych procesów logistycznych w aspekcie gospodarowania odpadami opakowaniowymi w badanej gminie. Ponad 90% odpadów opakowaniowych odbierana jest z terenu gminy przez przedsiębiorstwa wywozowe. Punkty selektywnej zbiórki odpadów komunalnych odbierały głównie wielomateriałowe odpady opakowaniowe, opakowania z tworzyw sztucznych i opakowania zmieszane. Znikomy był odsetek opakowań odzyskiwanych poprzez organizowane zbiórki okazjonalne.
The work analyzed the functioning of the existing logistics system in the field of packaging waste management in the urban-rural commune of Wadowice. The analysis was carried out taking into account the efficiency of the planning, execution and monitoring processes of the packaging waste stream. In order to collect the material for research, mainly the available documentation in the resources of territorial self-government units, interviews carried out in logistic enterprises involved in the waste collection and transport system from the surveyed area and interviews conducted with the inhabitants of the commune (waste producers) were based. The research was carried out in 2013-2016. The results of the tests were tabulated, presented graphically and basic statistical measures were calculated. The obtained results allowed to evaluate the logistic processes carried out in the aspect of packaging waste management in the studied commune. The selective collection points of municipal waste were mainly collected in multi-material packaging waste, plastic packaging and mixed packaging. The percentage of packaging recovered by organized occasional collections was negligible.
Źródło:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2018, III/1; 801-814
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Bio-waste composting as a part of rural development
Autorzy:: Stejskal, B.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/60722.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2010
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:: biowaste
composting
rural development
sorting
waste utilization
waste management
municipal waste
biodegradable waste composting
compost
Opis:: One of the most serious problems of waste management in Czech Republic is the useful treatment of biodegradable municipal waste because EU Council Directive 1999/31/EC requires of member states to limit the amount of biodegradable waste deposited into landfill. Composting of biodegradable municipal waste can be a solution of this problem but there are many operational and economic problems. This article describes advantages and problems of bio-waste composting in rural conditions (of Czech Republic) at all parts of composting process, i.e. from bio-waste sorting and collection through bio-waste composting to utilization and sale of compost. Bio-waste composting in countryside brings many benefits. The waste is treated at the place of origin and it is possible to get the organic mass of compost back to the field with minimal transport distances. Decentralized waste treatment brings jobs to regions of a small rate of employment. It is necessary to solve many problems related to the process of composting. Quality of input raw material is the first of them. It was found that the amount of undesirable impurities in separately collected biodegradable municipal waste depends on the type of building density and the settlement size. By the measurement of 200 kg samples of sorted bio-waste it was showed that purity of waste sorting is much better in small villages than in rather big cities. Right size of composting plant is another question to discussion. A lot of small composting plants built for several villages allow waste treatment in the place of origin but just a big composting plant is rich enough to have adequate machine equipment. Of course, in this case transport distances are long. Compost selling is connected with other problems. Farmers usually do not want even high-quality compost because of the costs of compost application to the field (although missing of organic mass in the soil). Lots of low-quality compost is used as a reclaim material.
Źródło:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2010, 11
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 10.

Tytuł:: Characteristics of illegal dumping sites - case study: watercourses
Autorzy:: Malinowski, M.
Wolny-Koladka, K.
Jastrzebski, B.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/61866.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:: waste management
illegal dumping site
dumping site
watercourse
waste deposition
hazard
natural environment
Źródło:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2015, IV/4
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: Changes in municipal waste management following the amendment of the act on maintaining the cleanliness and order in communes
Autorzy:: Malinowski, M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59646.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2011
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:: Malopolska region
municipal waste
waste management
act regulation
waste disposal process
infrastructure
cleanliness
Polska
waste mass
European law
Opis:: A new act on maintaining the cleanliness and order in communes of 1 July, 2011, will become effective in Poland on 1 January, 2012. The act will come fully into force on 1 July, 2013. According to this act regulations, commune self-governments take over the obligations of the property owners concerning waste management, moreover, they become responsible for construction and maintenance of the infrastructure supporting recycling and waste disposal processes. The self-governments were granted a 1.5 year transition period to implement the act regulations.The introduced changes are an adjustment of Polish regulation to the European law. Only in Poland and Hungary local self-governments have not yet been responsible for management of waste generated in their areas.The article presents an analysis of the basic changes introduced by the act to the Polish system of municipal waste management. Presented are also the estimates of the mass of wastes collected on the territory of Poland with particular regard to the Małopolskie voivodeship. Calculations and forecasts were made on the basis of information collected by the Main Statistical Office (GUS) and commune offices, where systems similar to the one introduced by the act have been operating for several years. The act assumes that all citizens of Poland will be covered by a system of waste collection, but will also have to pay so called "garbage tax", which should translate into increased amount of collected wastes, especially in these communes where wastes collection system was faulty. In Małopolskie only in 30 communes the 100% of inhabitants have signed contracts for garbage disposal. In the communes where the modern municipal waste management system has been operating, the increase in the mass of collected wastes (for the first three years of system operation) ranged between 31% and 94% in relation to the mass collected in the year preceding the introduction of the new system, although over 90% of local inhabitants were covered by the previous system. As results from the analyses, after introducing the new act the amount of wastes collected in the Małopolskie voivodeship may increase from the level of 765,000 Mg (2010) to over 1.1 M Mg (1.4 M Mg according to less optimistic forecasts), assuming that all generated wastes will be collected (the same amount as in 2010). In some of the Małopolskie communes the estimated increase in collected municipal wastes may reach over 500%.
Źródło:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2011, 12
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Analiza wyjściowa sytuacji środowiskowej w sektorze produkcji roślin ozdobnych w Polsce w 2015
Preliminary analysis of environmental situation in ornamental plant production sector in Poland in 2015
Autorzy:: Marosz, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101083.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:: ogrodnictwo ozdobne
ochrona środowiska
gospodarka odpadami
ochrona zasobów wodnych
ochrona krajobrazu
ornamental horticulture
environment protection
waste management
protection of water resources
landscape protection
Opis:: Celem analizy jest przedstawienie obszarów, w których sektor produkcji roślin ozdobnych może podjąć działania w celu ochrony przyrody i zasobów naturalnych. W pracy za pomocą wskaźników liczbowych wskazane są także obszary, w których presja na środowisko jest szczególnie duża oraz istniejące możliwości zmniejszenia tej presji. Są to głównie: obszary intensywnej produkcji pod osłonami zużywające znaczne ilości paliw kopalnych w celu ogrzewania szklarni i tuneli oraz energii elektrycznej do doświetlania upraw, obszary upraw pojemnikowych wymagające intensywnego nawadniania i nawożenia, obszary upraw gruntowych szczególnie oddziałujące na glebę. Według szacunków samo ogrzewanie osłon zużywa 490 tys.·ton węgla i 170 tys. ton mazutu oraz 15,7 mln·m3 gazu ziemnego rocznie. Pond to sektor roślin ozdobnych wytwarza znaczne ilości odpadów organicznych i nieorganicznych oraz zużywa rocznie 274,5 tys·m3 torfu wysokiego jako jednego z najważniejszych komponentów podłoża do uprawy.
The aim of the analysis is to pointed out the areas in the ornamental plant production sector where some activities can be undertaken to prevent environment and natural recourses. In this paper some area of ornamental production with high impact on environment are indicate by a number index and possibilities to reducing this pressure are also pointed out. These are areas with intensive production under protection where great amount of fossil fuels are used to heat greenhouses or plastic tunnels and electricity used for supplementary lighting, areas of container plant production where intensive irrigation and fertilizing is needed, and area of field production with a high pressure on the soil. Estimating results shows that only heating of protected area used yearly 490 thousand tons of coal, 170 thousand ton of heating oil and 15,7 million m3 of natural gas. Apart from that, ornamental sector generate considerable amount of organic and nonorganic waste and also consuming 274,5 thousand m3 of sphagnum peat every year as one of the main component of a growing medium.
Źródło:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2017, I/1; 55-70
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:: The state of sewage system economics in rural areas in Poland
Autorzy:: Gladysz, R.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/60962.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2009
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:: sewage system
economics
Polska
waste water management
investment
environment protection
sewage treatment
life quality
infrastructure development
financing
modernization
Opis:: Infrastructure is the basis of economic activities both in urban and in rural areas. It is also one of main conditions for improving quality of life. Among its most important elements are: water delivery system, as well as sewage treatment network and sewage treatment plants. These devices should create one composite techno-economical system. Non-integrated water delivery contributes to bigger waste of water, and without connection to integrated sewage treatment systems, it can be a serious threat to the environment In Poland, and in rural areas particularly, this situation is highly unsatisfactory. In 2007, share of population connected to water network in rural areas was 73.3%, while for sewage network is was only 21.3%. In many communes, this share was even less than 10%. One can mention a few reasons of this state, mainly: lack of sufficient investment for 40 years after the 2nd World War, big water deficit in rural areas (brought about by droughts and thus, big reduction or decline of water level in shallow homestead wells, being a main water source), big dispersion of rural settlements in the country, limiting economies of scale achievement, and lack of resources available for local authorities. The latter, having not enough resources for infrastructure development, made a decisions to concentrate on water system firstly, while more costly waste management was treated as a second-tier need. In consequence, bigger investment in this field has just started since the half of nineties in the 20th century. Despite this late investment, in December 2007 one could observe that the total length of sewage network was still 4 times shorter than water network. Only 15.5% of rural administrative units were canalized. A quantity of household wastewater purified was 5 times smaller than a quantity of water used. There was also a small number of household sewage treatment plants (figure 4), which can be a good response for dispersed rural settlements. Thus, cesspools (many of them leaking), remain the main way of wastewater collection, being a serious threat for environment. However, there is a hope that this situation will change during next 710 years, mainly by obliging Poland to follow the EU Directive 91/271/EEC. This law expects any European Union member state to create, till the end of 2015, wastewater networks and sewage treatment plants in any agglomeration having more than 2 thousand inhabitants. In Polish National Sewage Treatment Program, almost 1600 administrative units of these kind, were indentified. 1400 of them are totally or partially inhabited by rural community. Releasing this program is, however, determined strongly by local self-government activity and its ability to gain sufficient financial resources for this purpose.
Źródło:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2009, 07
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:: Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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