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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Efektywność finansów samorządu terytorialnego
    The Effectiveness of Local Government Finance
    Autorzy:
    Guziejewska, Beata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574884.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
    Tematy:
    decentralization
    local government finance
    effectiveness
    the Tiebout hypothesis
    the Wicksell model
    Opis:
    Increasing the effectiveness of public finance in decentralized systems is a major challenge to both economic theory and practice. In broad terms, economic effectiveness means the relationship between the value of outlays incurred and the effects obtained thanks to these outlays. In the public finance sector, such calculations are difficult because the effects of operations in this sector are often impossible to measure. Studies of the effectiveness of local government finance in Poland tend to focus on a number of selected aspects, yet they rarely deal with the issue of effectiveness in the context of competition and payment for public services, the author says. Guziejewska describes the basic assumptions of two theoretical models known from research reports published abroad: a model developed by American economist Charles Tiebout and a theory proposed by Swedish economist Knut Wicksell. Both these theories deal with competition between local communities and the problem of preferential treatment with regard to public goods and payment for these goods. Even though these theoretical models have their limitations, both Tiebout and Wicksell point to the need to decentralize local finances, Guziejewska says. She presents different scenarios for income shocks in local government budgets, in both the centralized and decentralized systems. The theories described by the author are the basis for formulating certain recommendations related to the rationalization of local government finance, including more direct use of tax breaks for local taxpayers, the equivalence of burdens imposed on public institutions, and the need to counteract “fiscal illusions.”
    Źródło:
    Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2008, 224, 5-6; 71-89
    2300-5238
    Pojawia się w:
    Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Równowaga sił konkurentów na rynku sportu profesjonalnego
    Competitive Balance in Professional Sports
    Autorzy:
    Sznajder, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575431.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010-10-31
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
    Tematy:
    professional sports market
    competitive balance
    sports club
    sports league
    uncertainty of outcome hypothesis
    Opis:
    The article deals with the problem of competitive balance on the professional sports market, one of the most important issues linked with the functioning of sports organizations. The competitive balance effect has a major influence on the performance of sports organizations in terms of both their sports results and finances. The term competitive balance means an equal level of sports clubs taking part in competitions in a specific type of sport. An important feature of sports clubs working as business enterprises is that their main product is a sports show, and that the result of this show-in other words the winner of a match-is difficult to predict. This uncertainty of outcome attracts audiences and makes people buy these sports products. The author sets out to show that competitive balance helps increase the revenue of individual sports clubs and leagues. This applies to revenue generated from both individual buyers (supporters) and institutions. As a result, clubs earn more money from the sale of tickets, club merchandising and advertisements, and they also increase their income from sponsors and the sale of broadcasting rights to the media. Sports leagues in which there is a lack of competitive balance between individual clubs are vulnerable to various kinds of threats, including indebtedness resulting from growing costs of buying new players. Weaker clubs may face the danger of bankruptcy, while stronger clubs may be tempted to withdraw from the league and compete elsewhere. This explains why organizations managing professional sports leagues usually make every effort to maintain competitive balance among sports clubs, Sznajder concludes.
    Źródło:
    Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2010, 243, 10; 79-95
    2300-5238
    Pojawia się w:
    Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zależność nierówności plac od poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego
    Wage Inequality and the Level of Economic Development
    Autorzy:
    Kumor, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574590.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010-08-31
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
    Tematy:
    Kuznets hypothesis
    Kuznets curve
    Gini coefficient
    income inequality
    economic development
    central planning
    market economy
    Opis:
    International economists are divided over whether income inequalities can be explained with the use of an approach known as the Kuznets hypothesis. Some researchers criticize the Kuznets hypothesis while others support it in their reports. According to Kumor, the Kuznets curve (which is the graphical representation of Russian American economist Simon Kuznets’ hypothesis that economic inequality increases over time while a country is developing, and then begins to decrease after a certain average income is attained) accurately reflects income inequalities only when there are distinct processes of change in the economy. The author sets out to check if the Kuznets hypothesis holds true for Poland. The research covered the period of 1974-2007 with two different economic systems: central planning in 1975-1988 and the market economy in 1990-2007. The processes of economic change in both systems were represented by GDP per employee. The author modified Gini coefficients (measures of the inequality of a distribution developed by Italian statistician Corrado Gini) characterizing wage inequalities. He also applied the method of least squares, a standard approach to the approximate solution of sets of equations in which there are more equations than unknowns. The results of the research seem to confirm a modified version of the Kuznets hypothesis, separately for both economic systems, according to Kumor. In the last analyzed year, 2007, the Gini coefficient was close to its maximum value, the author says.
    Źródło:
    Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2010, 241, 7-8; 45-62
    2300-5238
    Pojawia się w:
    Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Gospodarki wschodzące w obliczu kryzysu finansowego: duża odporność czy podatność?
    Emerging Market Economies in the Face of a Financial Crisis: Resilience or Vulnerability?
    Autorzy:
    Wojtyna, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574580.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010-09-30
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
    Tematy:
    vulnerability and resilience to financial crisis
    emerging market economies
    decoupling hypothesis
    global financial flows
    Opis:
    The paper is concerned with selected aspects oftheoretical and empirical analysis that help better understand the role of factors determining the resilience of medium-developed countries to financial crises. The analysis is made in the context of the latest crisis, which began in highly developed economies. The second part of the paper focuses on some widely disputed issues involving a theoretical explanation of the causes behind the latest crisis. Even though, in the case of emerging market economies, the original causes behind the crisis can be treated as external ones, Wojtyna says, they need to be scrutinized because of the interaction between the financial sector and the real economy. This interaction is similar in both medium-developed and highly developed countries, according to the author. Part 3 focuses on global imbalances and their role in transmitting the crisis to and from medium-developed countries. This trend is linked with the wider problem of the costs and benefits of financial globalization and the decoupling hypothesis debated in the context of business cycles in highly and medium-developed economies. Part 4 discusses the results of empirical studies designed to check the importance of factors determining the resilience of medium-developed countries to the latest crisis. A more detailed evaluation of the resilience of emerging market economies to the latest crisis could be made after anti-crisis measures taken by governments and central banks in highly developed countries cease to influence these countries’ economies, Wojtyna says. Preliminary findings in this area are encouraging for medium-developed countries, he adds. According to the author, changes in macroeconomic policy as well as structural and institutional changes carried out in response to previous crises have significantly reduced medium-developed countries’ vulnerability to global crises.
    Źródło:
    Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2010, 242, 9; 25-45
    2300-5238
    Pojawia się w:
    Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kontrowersje wokół koncepcji krzywej Phillipsa
    The Phillips Curve Controversy
    Autorzy:
    Grabia, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574201.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-10-31
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
    Tematy:
    krzywa Phillipsa
    hipoteza racjonalnych oczekiwań
    stopa bezrobocia równowagi
    efekt piasku
    efekt smarowania
    Phillips curve
    rational expectations hypothesis
    equilibrium unemployment rate
    sand effect
    grease effect
    Opis:
    The article discusses the controversy among economists over the so‑called Phillips curve, which shows the relationship between unemployment and inflation in an economy. The complexity of mechanisms that govern the economy causes inflation and unemployment to be mutually interdependent, the author notes. The relationship between these two indicators has been the subject of economic research since the 1950s when the Phillips curve was first commonly applied. The article consists of an introduction, three main parts, and a summary. The first part analyzes the position and slope of different versions of the Phillips curve. The second part focuses on the controversy surrounding the hypothesis of rational expectations and the equilibrium unemployment rate. The third part attempts to answer the question whether the Phillips curve should continue to be used in modern macroeconomic analysis. The article ends with a summary and conclusions. The author concludes that the Phillips curve may take various shapes in both the short and long run depending on the type of inflation, which can be of either the demand‑pull or cost‑push variety, and the fact whether its positive consequences outweigh negative ones or vice versa. In addition, Grabia argues that the Phillips curve in its extended versions can still be used as an effective analytical instrument in macroeconomics.
    Złożoność mechanizmów rządzących gospodarką powoduje, że najważniejsze kategorie makroekonomiczne, do których należy zaliczyć m.in. inflację i bezrobocie, z reguły są współzależne. Analiza związków między tymi wielkościami jest przedmiotem badań ekonomistów mniej więcej od lat 50. XX w. Od tego czasu niezmiennie dużą popularnością cieszy się tzw. krzywa Phillipsa. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie kontrowersji, jakie wywołuje ona wśród teoretyków ekonomii. Artykuł składa się z wprowadzenia, trzech części zasadniczych oraz podsumowania. W części pierwszej zanalizowano problem dotyczący położenia i nachylenia różnych wersji krzywej Phillipsa. W części drugiej przedstawiono kontrowersje związane z hipotezą racjonalnych oczekiwań oraz stopą bezrobocia równowagi. W części trzeciej podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy krzywa Phillipsa nadal powinna być wykorzystywana we współczesnych analizach makroekonomicznych. Artykuł zakończono podsumowaniem zawierającym wnioski końcowe. Stwierdzono w nich m.in., że krzywa Phillipsa może przyjmować różne kształty zarówno w okresie krótkim, jak i długim. Zależy to bowiem od rodzaju inflacji, która może być popytowa lub kosztowa, oraz od tego, czy przeważać będą jej pozytywne, czy negatywne następstwa. Ponadto podkreślono, że krzywa Phillipsa w rozszerzonych wersjach nadal może być skutecznym narzędziem analitycznym, stosowanym w makroekonomii.
    Źródło:
    Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2014, 273, 5; 5-28
    2300-5238
    Pojawia się w:
    Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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