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Wyszukujesz frazę "Business and Economy" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola

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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Gospodarka realnego socjalizmu a światowy cykl koniunkturalny
    The Centrally Planned Economy and Global Business Cycles
    Autorzy:
    Kaliński, Janusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/575485.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009-10-31
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
    Tematy:
    global economy
    business cycles
    central planning
    Central and Eastern Europe
    East-West relations
    convergence
    Opis:
    The demise of central planning in the former East bloc is a frequent topic of economic and political analyses. Kaliński’s article describes changes in the centrally planned economies of former Soviet satellite states in the context of market trends in capitalist economies. The analysis covers a period from the emergence of the Soviet Union until its breakup. The statistical analysis is accompanied by a discussion of the political and social environment of the time. The author notes that, in the initial period, there was no link between global business cycles and economic growth in the Soviet Union and other Soviet bloc countries. This was due to major political and economic differences and the far-reaching isolation of the region’s centrally planned economies, especially during the Cold War period. The partial opening of Central and Eastern Europe to commercial and financial cooperation with the West in the 1970s led a convergence between the capitalist and centrally planned systems. Negative trends in the global economy, including energy crises and growing indebtedness, had a strong impact on what happened in the Soviet bloc. This situation, coupled with the inefficiency and poor competitiveness of the centrally planned economy and its inability to meet consumer demand, became a significant factor behind the collapse of the system across Central and Eastern Europe, the author concludes.
    Źródło:
    Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2009, 235, 10; 71-81
    2300-5238
    Pojawia się w:
    Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zastosowanie modelu realnego cyklu koniunkturalnego Hansena do gospodarki Polski
    The Hansen Real Business Cycle Model and Its Application in the Polish Economy
    Autorzy:
    Kuchta, Zbigniew
    Piłat, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574539.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
    Tematy:
    real business cycle model
    business cycle fluctuations
    indivisible labor
    log-linearized equation
    calibration
    Opis:
    The paper analyzes the so-called real business cycle model developed by American economist Gary D. Hansen. The model is expanded to include an indivisible labor mechanism. The aim is to check the model in terms of its accuracy in explaining business cycle fluctuations in Poland. The first part of the article discusses the assumptions and structure of the model. The authors define a state of stationary equilibrium and the final form of the model-a system of log-linearized equations. In the second part of the paper, the authors calibrate the structural parameters and conduct an empirical analysis of the Hansen model, beginning with the characteristics of the variables used in the study and the value of the model’s parameters. The model is solved and the reactions of individual variables to a technological shock are analyzed. The coefficients of correlation and the deviations of standard simulated and real variables show that the model correctly reflects the direction and strength of the relationships between the variables, the authors say. Positive correlations were obtained between all the simulated variables, in the same way as in the case of actual data. At the same time, in the case of simulated data, much higher correlations were obtained between capital and consumption and between technological changes and labor than in the case of actual data. As part of the study, an analysis was also conducted of the reactions of variables to a technological shock introduced to the model on an impulse basis. The strongest reaction to the shock was recorded in the case of labor supply and production. Moreover, in the same way as for actual data, the authors found that the fluctuations of consumption are much weaker than the fluctuations of production. This stems from the fact that households tend to smooth out consumption over time, Kuchta and Piłat say. The obtained results confirm that the dynamism of the Hansen real business cycle model, despite its simplicity, relatively accurately reflects the changes in Poland’s key macroeconomic variables.
    Źródło:
    Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2010, 244, 11-12; 19-39
    2300-5238
    Pojawia się w:
    Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Determinanty zatrudnienia nierejestrowanego w Polsce w okresach wysokiej i niskiej koniunktury
    The Determinants of Unregistered Employment in Poland During Periods of High and Low Economic Growth
    Autorzy:
    Cichocki, Stanisław
    Tyrowicz, Joanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574403.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-03-31
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
    Tematy:
    unregistered unemployment
    tax evasion
    shadow economy
    business cycle
    Labor Force Surveys
    probit model
    Opis:
    The article examines changes in the determinants of unregistered employment in Poland during periods of high and low economic growth. Using Labor Force Survey data and probit models, the authors analyze the structure and determinants of unregistered employment in 2003 and 2008. In 2003 unemployment ran high, while in 2008 joblessness was relatively low and accompanied by high wage pressure. The authors look at two groups of workers in the context of unregistered employment: those officially unemployed and those officially employed but seeking to supplement their incomes by taking up jobs in the unregistered segment of the economy. After analyzing changes in basic demographic and socioeconomic variables, Cichocki and Tyrowicz conclude that unemployed individuals tend to take up jobs in the unregistered segment of the economy both when the labor market suffers from high unemployment and when wage pressure rises. Generally, the bargaining position of employees with regard to employers improved when the labor market revived and when the unregistered segment of the economy shrank in terms of both individual sectors and qualifications. Young unemployed people find it relatively easier to get informal work, the authors conclude, while no specific factors force young employees to look for jobs in the shadow economy. Theoretically, the tax-evading, unregistered segment of the economy could be expected to display pro-cyclical changes, the authors say, shrinking in times of fast economic growth and expanding in periods of poor macroeconomic trends. But in reality the shadow economy provides a considerable measure of flexibility to employers, as a result of which unregistered employment tends to display countercyclical behavior, according to Cichocki and Tyrowicz.
    Źródło:
    Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2011, 246, 3; 1-27
    2300-5238
    Pojawia się w:
    Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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