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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Preparation of Samples used in Fatigue Testing of Aircraft Materials
    Autorzy:
    Manaj, W.
    Wronicz, W.
    Michałowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/98020.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
    Tematy:
    mechanical processing
    stress measurement
    X-ray diffraction
    Opis:
    The application of a new type of alloy requires the evaluation of its properties, which is typically achieved with destructive methods. For this purpose, among others, static and fatigue mechanical tests are performed. Tests are performed on standardized samples in a way which reflects the level of stress occurring in real elements. These tests should limit random errors associated with sample preparation. For this reason the proper preparation of samples is crucial, not only in terms of their geometric dimensions but also in terms of the residual stress level. A sample preparation process was developed, involving checking samples’ surface for cracks, scratches, roughness, and the state of stress. The measurements are performed with nondestructive methods so as not to affect the proceeding research. In this study, the residual stress and features of a mechanically prepared surface were characterized. The specimens were subjected to various surface finishes mainly, lathe turning and grinding surface conditions. The effects of residual surface stress (measured by XRD) were studied after machining and polishing.
    Źródło:
    Fatigue of Aircraft Structures; 2015, 7; 66-68
    2081-7738
    2300-7591
    Pojawia się w:
    Fatigue of Aircraft Structures
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    X-Ray Diffraction Measurements for Riveted Joints. The Application of a Novel Methodology
    Autorzy:
    Gadalińska, E.
    Kaniowski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/97767.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
    Tematy:
    X-ray diffraction method
    stress measurements
    riveted joints
    Opis:
    The X-ray diffraction method is the best, widely available, non-destructive measurement method used to determine the residual and load stresses in crystalline materials. This method can be applied without any limitations to flat specimens. Depending on the equipment geometry, the type of material and geometry of the specimen, there are many limitations, restrictions and recommendations which have to be fulfilled to obtain reliable results. This was the reason for working out a methodology for X-ray diffraction stress measurements for riveted specimens.The first case to analyze is the necessity of choosing an X-ray tube suitable for the specimen material which will give the diffraction peaks in the range of 2Θ angles between 120° and 180°. Afterwards it is crucial to make the best selection of Bragg's angle 2Θ. In the vast majority of cases the best selection is the possibly biggest 2Θ angle because of the best accuracy of the measurement. However, for example for aluminum alloys (for CrKα radiation), this choice is not so obvious. It is much more convenient to perform measurements not for the highest diffraction angle. The best selection in this case is 2Θ=139,3°, and not 156,7°. Other selections which are necessary to be made before measurements are the collimator diameter, time of exposure, ψ tilts and φ oscillations. The proper selection of these parameters is crucial for the fast and efficient performing of measurements and for obtaining reliable results. Before performing the measurement, especially in the case of the specimen with complicated geometry (for example in the case of riveted specimens made of aluminum alloys), it is necessary to analyze the results obtained paying special attention to the possibility of the appearing of the rivet head/driven rivet head shadow during the measurement. The work describes differences between the X-ray stress measurement results obtained without any interference and the results received after eliminating the selected diffraction peaks for which the shadow of rivet head/driven rivet head has appeared.
    Źródło:
    Fatigue of Aircraft Structures; 2012, 4; 17-28
    2081-7738
    2300-7591
    Pojawia się w:
    Fatigue of Aircraft Structures
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Application of Laboratory Diffraction Methods in Characterization of Elements Made By Additive SLM Methods - State of the Art
    Autorzy:
    Gadalińska, Elżbieta
    Pawliszak, Łukasz
    Moneta, Grzegorz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2105183.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
    Tematy:
    X-ray diffraction
    residual stress measurements
    additive manufacturing
    SLM
    Opis:
    The greatest challenge of widely developed incremental manufacturing methods today is to obtain, as a result of the manufacturing process, such components that will have acceptable strength properties from the point of view of a given application. These properties are indirectly determined by three key characteristics: the level of surface residual stress, the roughness of the component and its porosity. Currently, the efforts of many research groups are focused on the problem of optimizing the parameters of incremental manufacturing so as to achieve the appropriate level of compressive residual stress, the lowest possible porosity and the lowest possible roughness of parts obtained by 3D methods. It is now recognized that determining the level of these three parameters is potentially possible using experimental X-ray diffraction methods. The use of this type of radiation, admittedly, is only used to characterize the surface layer of elements, but its undoubted advantage is its easy availability and relatively low cost compared to experiments carried out using synchrotron or neutron radiation.
    Źródło:
    Fatigue of Aircraft Structures; 2021, 13; 72--80
    2081-7738
    2300-7591
    Pojawia się w:
    Fatigue of Aircraft Structures
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Determination of Stress Values in the Surface Layer of Inconel 718 Samples Dedicated to Fatigue Tests
    Autorzy:
    Gadalińska, Elżbieta
    Michałowski, Andrzej
    Czarnewicz, Sławomir
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/97839.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
    Tematy:
    turning
    grinding
    X-ray diffraction
    stress analysis
    Inconel 718
    Opis:
    This work deals with the problem of X-ray stress determination on the samples dedicated to fatigue tests. A number of research studies point out the fact that the processing of hard, difficult to machine materials like nickel superalloys, reveals more than one trend of residual stress versus working parameters of behaviour (Lavella and Berruti, 2010). Many papers have shown that the residual stresses are dependent on a combination of a number of factors. When the above is taken into account simultaneously with the requirements of the internal General Electric specification for the fatigue tests samples preparation (Metallic test specimen preparation, low stress, 2017) the problem of turning and grinding parameters gathers significance. It is well known that the quality of the surface layer, produced during machining, is of vital importance for the fatigue life specially for the components of aircraft produced form nickel superalloys e.g. Inconel 718 (Kortabarri et al., 2011). That is why the surface layer’s properties are described in detail by the standards. The aim of the work is to determine one of the most influential features from the point of view of fatigue life, i.e. the stress state on the surface layer with one non-destructive method - the diffraction analysis.
    Źródło:
    Fatigue of Aircraft Structures; 2019, 11; 78-86
    2081-7738
    2300-7591
    Pojawia się w:
    Fatigue of Aircraft Structures
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Experimental and Numerical Stress State Assesment in Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding Joints
    Autorzy:
    Gadalińska, Elżbieta
    Kubit, Andrzej
    Trzepieciński, Tomasz
    Moneta, Grzegorz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2105194.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
    Tematy:
    RFSSW
    X-ray diffraction
    finite elements modelling
    stress state
    aluminium alloys
    Opis:
    Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding (RFSSW) is a technology used for joining solid materials that was developed in Germany in 2002 by GKSS-GmbH as a variant of the conventional friction stir spot welding (FSSW) [1]. In the RFSSW technology, the welding tool consists of a fixed outer part and rotating inner parts, which are called a pin and a sleeve. The tool for RFSSW is designed to plasticize the material of the parts to be joined by means of a rotary movement. The design of the tool allows independent vertical movement of both elements of the welding tool. This allows obtaining spot welds without creating holes that could weaken the structure. The main advantage of RFSSW is the potential for replacing the technologies that add weight to the structure or create discontinuities, such as joining with screws or rivets. Thus, RFSSW has great potential in the automotive, shipbuilding and aviation industries. Furthermore, the technology can be used to join different materials that could not be connected using other joining methods. The main objective of this work is to understand the physical and mechanical aspects of the RFSSW method - including the residual stress state inside the weld and around the joint. The results of the investigations can help to determine optimal parameters that could increase the strength and fatigue performance of the joint and to prove the significant advantage of RFSSW connections over other types of joints. The work assumes the correlation of two mutually complementary investigation methods: numerical analyses and experimental studies carried out with diffraction methods. The comparison between numerical and experimental results makes potentially possible the determination of degree of fatigue degradation of the material by observing the macroscopic stress state and the broadening of the diffraction peak width (FWHM), which is an indicator of the existence of micro-stress related to the dislocation density and grain size.
    Źródło:
    Fatigue of Aircraft Structures; 2021, 13; 54--71
    2081-7738
    2300-7591
    Pojawia się w:
    Fatigue of Aircraft Structures
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Micromechanical Properties and Stress Measurements with Diffraction Methods
    Autorzy:
    Gadalińska, E.
    Baczmański, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/97807.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Lotnictwa
    Tematy:
    X-ray diffraction
    stress measurements on riveted samples
    duplex steel
    composites
    stress measurements during in-situ tensile test
    stress concentarion tensor
    necking phenomenon
    Opis:
    Diffraction methods are commonly used for the determination of the elastic lattice deformation and distortion from the displacement and broadening of the diffraction peak. These methods enable researchers to measure stresses and elastic properties of polycrystalline materials. The main advantages of diffraction methods are their non-destructive character and the possibility of macrostress and microstress analysis for multiphase and anisotropic materials. Measurements are performed selectively only for crystallites contributing to the measured diffraction peak, i.e. for the grains having lattice orientations for which the Bragg condition is satisfied. When several phases are present in the sample, measurements of separate diffraction peaks allow for the behaviour of each phase to be investigated independently. This method can be applied without any limitations to flat specimens. Numerical calculations of residual stresses around the rivets imply a very high stress gradientin the case of tangential stresses as well in the case of radial stresses. Attempting to verify these predictions, the residual stress measurements with an X-ray diffractometer were performed on riveted samples after the riveting process. In addition, complementary measurements of strain values with strain gauges during the riveting process were performed as well as the finite elements modelling. The aim of these measurements was to determine the stress values around the rivets and to compare results obtained with different techniques. On the other hand, the multi-scale crystallographic model of elastoplastic deformation is very convenient for the study of elastoplastic properties in microscopic and macroscopic scales. Comparison of experimental data with model predictions allows us to understand the physical phenomena that occur during a sample's deformation at the level of polycrystalline grains. Moreover, the micro and macro parameters of elastoplastic deformation can be experimentally established. It should be stated that the characterisation of the residual stress field and elastic properties is important in the study of the mechanical behaviour of polycrystalline materials, including plasticity and damage phenomena. In this work, a new analysis method of neutron diffraction results obtained during in-situ tensile load is proposed and tested. The methodology is based on the measurements of lattice strains during in-situ tensile testing for several hkl reflections and for different orientations of the sample with respect to the scattering vector. As the result, the full stress tensor for preferred texture orientations in function of the applied stress can be determined using the crystallite group method. The experimental data are presented and compared with the self-consistent model calculations performed for groups of grains selected by different hkl reflections.
    Źródło:
    Fatigue of Aircraft Structures; 2013, 5; 18-39
    2081-7738
    2300-7591
    Pojawia się w:
    Fatigue of Aircraft Structures
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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