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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Determinants of corruption: a panel data analysis of Visegrad countries
    Autorzy:
    Linhartová, Veronika
    Halásková, Martina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22443175.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    corruption
    control of corruption
    determinants
    panel data analysis
    Visegrad countires
    Opis:
    Research background: Corruption is a phenomenon that has no borders, thus hindering the proper functioning of the social, economic, and legal systems of a given state. As the rankings assessing the level of corruption in various countries show, transition economies are more vulnerable to corruption than countries that have not undergone changes in the political and economic order. The Visegrad group is an example of such countries. Despite their efforts, these countries? governments have yet to match the evaluation of corruption indices for developed European countries. Purpose of the article: This study analyses the determinants of corruption in Visegrad countries to identify which determinants are the most impactful and thus should be the focus of Visegrad countries?governments when creating anti-corruption policies. Methods: Data for the period 1996?2019 from the databases of the World Bank, Transparency International, and the European Central Bank were used for panel data analysis. The study uses a comprehensive set of economic, socio-cultural, and political determinants that can influence corruption. The purpose of this large set of variables is to prevent possible distortion owing to omitted variables. Findings & value added: The results of the analysis of panel data show the main determinants of corruption in Visegrad countries are economic, political, and socio-cultural (phase of economic development, openness of the economy, size of the public sector, degree of urbanization, and women's share in the labour force). A significant effect was also demonstrated in the case of regulatory quality and public sector wages. The findings can serve as a valuable resource for policymakers to develop government policies in individual countries and to implement effective anti-corruption tools.
    Źródło:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2022, 17, 1; 51-79
    1689-765X
    2353-3293
    Pojawia się w:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Is redistributive policy of EU welfare state effective in tackling income inequality? A panel data analysis
    Autorzy:
    Wildowicz-Szumarska, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22444279.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    inequality
    redistribution
    taxes
    social transfers
    Opis:
    Research background: Income inequality has risen sharply since the 1990s, despite the increase in the average size of redistribution in countries representing different welfare state models. The problem of increasing income inequality is currently a challenge for the EU economies, not only with well-established liberal traditions, but also with conservative and social-democratic ones. Therefore, it is worth conducting research on the redistributive effects of fiscal policy. Purpose of the article: The article aims to show the redistributive effects of fiscal policy, paying particular attention to the most characteristic trends in redistribution, which are responsible for the growing income inequality. An overview of the fiscal instruments ? mainly personal income tax and benefit systems ? along with an empirical research on their potential impact on income inequality, allows for conclusions to be drawn about the effectiveness of redistributive policy in the EU countries. Methods: Both descriptive analysis and panel data analysis is implemented to examine the effectiveness of redistributive policy in tackling income inequality in the EU?28 countries in years 2005?2017. Findings & value added: Based on the panel analysis, it has been found that social transfers were much more effective than direct taxes in combating income inequality. In addition, the largest increase in income inequality ? as previously assumed ? was observed in the liberal welfare states, while the smallest in the social democratic welfare states. The empirical analysis extends the existing knowledge on main weaknesses of fiscal welfare state, indicating the required changes that may improve both its equity and efficiency.
    Źródło:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2022, 17, 1; 81-101
    1689-765X
    2353-3293
    Pojawia się w:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Factors influencing the choice of the invoicing currency in international trade: Panel data analysis for 55 countries
    Autorzy:
    Twarowska-Mól, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22443104.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    invoicing currency of trade
    dominant currency paradigm
    dollar
    export
    inflation
    exchange rate
    Opis:
    Research background: Most transactions in world trade are invoiced in several international currencies. The changes in the distribution of the great economic powers and the strengthening of the position of developing countries make it necessary to consider the factors determining the choice of trade invoicing currency and to assess the prospects of the dollar as an invoicing currency and the possibility of strengthening the position of developing countries' currencies in this function. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to assess the factors influencing the choice of invoicing currency for international trade in 2000?2019. Methods: The analysis of factors influencing the choice of international trade invoicing currency is based on panel data modelling. The study is conducted for a group of 55 countries. It is assumed that the following variables may influence the currency position in the trade invoicing function: the share of the issuer's country in the bilateral trade, inflation and exchange rate. Findings & value added: The analysis showed that despite the decreasing share of the United States in world trade, the U.S. dollar remains the most important export invoicing currency. The main factors influencing the dollar's dominance are the U.S. share of countries' exports, inflation in developing countries, and the exchange rate in advanced economies. The great significance of trade share as a determinant of the position of the trade invoicing currency is an important indication of the strengthening position of developing country currencies, particularly the Chinese yuan. The obtained results confirm, with the use of more complete data, the validity of the dominant currency paradigm and enrich the still underdeveloped analysis in the area of international macroeconomics using panel data analysis.
    Źródło:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2023, 18, 1; 153-183
    1689-765X
    2353-3293
    Pojawia się w:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fertility Rebound and Economic Growth. New Evidence for 18 Countries Over the Period 1970–2011
    Autorzy:
    Dominiak, Piotr
    Lechman, Ewa
    Okonowicz, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517397.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    fertility rate
    fertility rebound
    economic growth
    panel data analysis
    Opis:
    Long-run impact of economic growth on fertility trends is ambiguous and sensitive for in-time variations. Noticeably, over last decades, economic growth has led to significant falls in total fertility rates in many countries. However, recently, in high-income economies a kind of ‘fertility rebound’ emerged (Gold-stein, 2009; Luci and Thevenon, 2011; Day, 2012), which supports the hypothesis that reversal trends in total fertility rates are mainly attributed to economic growth. The paper unveils the relationship between total fertility rate changes and economic growth in 18 selected countries with fertility rebound observed, over the period 1970–2011, and detects the GDP-threshold at which the fertility rebound emerged. To report on the relationship we deploy longitudinal data analysis assuming non-linearity between examined variables. The data applied are exclusively derived from World Development Indicators 2013. Our main findings support the hypothesis on U-shaped relationship between the total fertility rate and economic growth in analyzed countries in 1970-2011. Along with the previous, we project the minimum level of GDP per capita (GDP-threshold) when the fertility rebound takes place.
    Źródło:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2015, 10, 1; 91-112
    1689-765X
    2353-3293
    Pojawia się w:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Impact of European structural and investment funds absorption on the regional development in the EU-12 (new member states)
    Autorzy:
    Vukašina, Martina
    Kersan-Škabić, Ines
    Orlić, Edvard
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22443125.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    regional development
    ESIFs
    panel data analysis
    new member states
    Opis:
    Research background: European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) as the main instruments of cohesion policy (CP) in the EU, provide a broad source of financing opportunities for the EU member states. The biggest amount in the CP budget is oriented to convergence NUTS 2 regions that have GDP p.c. below 75% of the EU average. The new members of the EU (accessed in 2004 and 2007) had available 176.3 billion EUR in the period 2007?2013 and 217 billion EUR in the period 2014?2020. Even the absorption rate (in 2007?2013) of available ESIFs is high (above 90%), the real implications on their economies don?t come automatically and they represent the area for examination. Purpose of the article: The research aims to analyse the impact of ESIFs absorption in EU new member states in the period 2008?2016 on their GDP p.c.  Methods: As the sample has time and cross-sectional dimension, the panel data in static and dynamic form is employed. The analysis covers the major part of the financial framework 2007?2013 and a part of financial perspective 2014?2020 (depending on the available data). Findings & value added: The results indicate that increase in ESIF p.c. for 1% will contribute to the GDP p.c. increase for 0.0053 to 0.0064 % (static model) and for 0.008% (dynamic model). Although the impact of ESIFs is significant and positive, it is quite (and unexpectedly) small, and consequently new EU member states should not rely too much on them as the source of economic progress. It is necessary that countries should focus on channeling funds into specific segments (sectors, policies) that will result in increased competitiveness of their economies. The contributions lie in creating GDP p.c. determination function; in including all new EU member states; in including more recent available data and by observing ESIFs as a part of growth model.
    Źródło:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2022, 17, 4; 857-880
    1689-765X
    2353-3293
    Pojawia się w:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Does trade openness improve the quality of domestic institutions? Evidence from Africa
    Autorzy:
    Němečková, Tereza
    Hayat, Arshad
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22443134.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
    Tematy:
    international trade
    trade openness
    quality of institutions
    Arica
    panel data models
    socio-economic development
    Opis:
    Research background: The research article deals with impacts of international trade openness on institutions in less developed economies, namely in Africa. Purpose of the article: It investigates the impacts of international trade openness on institutional quality in Africa measured by twelve various variables. Methods: It applies generalized methods of moments to a dynamic panel data of 34 African countries in the period of 1988?2012. Institutional quality data come from International Country Risk Guide, the rest from World Development Indicators and UNESCO databases. Findings & value added: Our results indicate that in the case of Africa, trade openness seems to be a positive and significant determinant of institutional quality, however, it differs across various institutional variables. Trade openness brings a positive impact on government stability, bureaucracy and law and order, we also identify its conflict-mitigating effects. This happens, unfortunately, with an exemption for natural resources exports. Trade openness also positively influences security and socioeconomic conditions, although we find the link much weaker. Regarding our control variables, we find two interesting results. First, GDP per capita has a strong and positive association with institutional quality when measured by one bundled indicator, however, individual variables show different intensities. Second, we find a strong and positive association of net foreign direct investment inflows and government stability. The added value of this research lies not only in focus on the less researched relationship, i.e., how trade impacts the institutional quality, but dominantly in focus on many institutional variables at once and comparison of their effects. Other empirical studies usually focus on selected variables only, or on selected trade items (natural resources).
    Źródło:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2022, 17, 4; 881-908
    1689-765X
    2353-3293
    Pojawia się w:
    Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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