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    Tytuł:
    Chlorine and chlorine dioxide oxidation of natural organic matter in water treatment plants
    Autorzy:
    Özdemir, Kadir
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032873.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    chlorine
    drinking water
    trihalomethane
    chlor
    woda pitna
    trihalometan
    Opis:
    The formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) during chlorine (Cl2) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) treatment was investigated. Water samples were collected from three drinking water sources, namely, Büyükçekmece Lake water (BLW) in Istanbul City, Kızılcapınar Lake water (KLW), and Ulutan Lake water (ULW) in Zonguldak City, Turkey. The results of the study show that Cl2 treatment forms more THMs in all three water sources compared to ClO2treatment. Further, due to the Cl2treatment, the maximum THMs concentrations were observed in BLW (121.15 μg/dm3) samples, followed by KLW (97.26 μg/dm3) and ULW(88.52 μg/dm3) samples within the reaction time of 24 h for 5 mg/ dm3 of Cl2dose. However, it was found that the concentrations of THMs formed at three water sources with applied ClO2treatment under the same conditions were significantly reduced. As a result of the ClO2treatment at the end of the reaction time of 24h, THMs concentrations formed in BLW, KLW, and ULW were recorded as 30.26, 16.53, and 17.71 μg/ dm3, respectively. On chlorination, chloroform (CFM) was found the dominant THM species in all water sources. All THM species contents ranged from 1.98 μg/dm3 to 11.23 μg/ dm3 and the highest level of dibromochloromethane (BDCFM) was observed as the major THM species among all species in BLW due to the ClO2treatment. Also, the formation of inorganic DBPs such as chlorate (ClO3–) and chlorite ClO2–) was evaluated during Cl2oxidation. The levels ClO2– formed due to the ClO2 oxidation were higher than those of ClO3– levels for BLW, KLW, and ULW samples and varied from 19 to 55%, and from 37 to 60% of the applied ClO2 doses (2–10 mg/ dm3), respectively. On the other hand, ClO3– levels varied between 5 and 9% and 2 and 6% of the applied ClO2concentration for the KLW and ULW samples, respectively.
    Źródło:
    Environment Protection Engineering; 2020, 46, 4; 87-97
    0324-8828
    Pojawia się w:
    Environment Protection Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Investigation of trihalomethane formation after chlorine dioxide preoxidation followed by chlorination of natural organic matter
    Autorzy:
    Özdemir, Kadir
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032930.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    ClO2
    THM
    trihalomethane
    drinking water
    trihalometan
    woda pitna
    Opis:
    Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is widely used as powerful oxidant to remove taste, odor and pathogenic microorganisms with chlorine during water treatment. In this study, the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) was investigated in sequential ClO2 and chlorination processes. During the study, water samples were collected from Terkos Lake water (TLW) and Büyükçekmece Lake water (BLW) in Istanbul. To understand the relationship between the formation of THMs and the characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM), changes in the molecular weight (MW) of NOM fractions before and after ClO2 oxidation were characterized with the ultrafiltration technique. The NOM fraction with MW <1 kDa is the dominant fraction among all the fractionated water samples. ClO2 oxidized NOM to more hydrophilic and smaller organic fractions as seen in the NOM fraction with MWCO <1 kDa. ClO2 preoxidation reduced THM concentrations but produced chlorite (ClO2 –) and chlorate (ClO3 –). The increase in ClO2 doses enhanced the reduction percentages of THMs during subsequent chlorination in water samples without or with bromide application. Bromine incorporation was higher in ClO2ClO2 preoxidized TLW and BLW samples. As a result, the findings of this study demonstrated that ClO2 preoxidation prior to chlorination is an applicable strategy for control of THMs in water treatment.
    Źródło:
    Environment Protection Engineering; 2021, 47, 2; 125-137
    0324-8828
    Pojawia się w:
    Environment Protection Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Chlorine decay and formation of THM in Malaysia’s water distribution system
    Autorzy:
    Rashid, Aina Izzati Muhammad
    Rohani, Rosiah
    Jaafar, Othman
    Muhammad, Nur Shazwani
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032845.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    drinking water
    trihalomethane
    Malaysia
    disinfection
    woda pitna
    trihalogenometan
    Malezja
    dezynfekcja
    Opis:
    Chlorine is a popular disinfectant used in Malaysia in the treatment process of drinking water supply because of its effectiveness. The concentration of chlorine deteriorates upon travelling in the system due to its reaction with organic matter to produce carcinogenic substances known as disinfection by-products (DBP) such as trihalomethanes (THM). This study was conducted to investigate chlorine decay and THM formation in a state's drinking water distribution system in Malaysia specifically across a 24.9 km distance. EPANET 2.0 Software program was used to perform hydraulics and water quality analysis using the extended period simulation (EPS) for 24 hours demand pattern. A simulation of the water distribution system was performed to identify the formation of THM and its relationship between chlorine and total organic carbon (TOC). The value of THM was maintained at a lower level at the water treatment plant (WTP) than at the endpoint of the distribution system. At the endpoint, which was at the targeted industrial area, the level of THM was found to increase and the obtained data showed that its formation occurred along the investigated distribution system. THM formation manifested as the natural organic matter (NOM) presence along the pipe continuously reacted with chlorine which was dosed in the distribution system.
    Źródło:
    Environment Protection Engineering; 2021, 47, 4; 19-41
    0324-8828
    Pojawia się w:
    Environment Protection Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation of factors affecting bulk chlorine decay kinetics for the Zai water supply system in Jordan. Case study
    Autorzy:
    Saidan, M. N.
    Rawajfeh, K.
    Nasrallah, S.
    Meric, S.
    Mashal, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/207375.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    woda pitna
    jakość wody
    stężenie chloru
    drinking water
    water quality
    chloride concentration
    Opis:
    Chlorine decay behavior is significantly variable since it depends on the quality of water and the condition of a distribution system. The effect of various parameters on the bulk chlorine decay kinetics in water samples collected from the Zai water treatment plant in Jordan has been examined. These parameters are reaction time, temperature, TOC, and free chlorine dose. An empirical equation describing the abovementioned effects has been derived. The general trend of chlorine decay decreases upon time and can fairly be represented by first-order decay kinetics. An increase in the value of temperature and TOC parameters has proportional effects on the decay of bulk chlorine. However, the data show that the decay constants were found to be inversely proportional to the initial chlorine concentration. A general correlation for the calculation of bulk chlorine decay rate constant as a function of the parameters in question of this study has been proposed. Consequent predictions are in good agreement with the observed results in this study.
    Źródło:
    Environment Protection Engineering; 2017, 43, 4; 223-231
    0324-8828
    Pojawia się w:
    Environment Protection Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Assessment of iron oxide and local cement clay as potential fluoride adsorbents
    Autorzy:
    Atasoy, A. D.
    Yesilnacar, M. I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/207691.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    drinking water purification
    membrane process
    fluorine
    fluor
    procesy membranowe
    oczyszczanie wody pitnej
    Opis:
    Health problem from fluoride contaminated water is more acute in rural and small urban communities. Defluoridation of low contaminated water by inexpensive adsorbents is a substantial practice worldwide. In the study, low-cost sorbents have been investigated as replacements for current costly methods of removing the excess fluoride from water below the certain concentration. The adsorption capacity of iron oxide and cement clay in fluoride removal was investigated by the batch method. The equilibrium time was attained in 3 h and 2 h for iron oxide and cement clay, respectively. Optimum adsorbent dosage was found to be 5 g/dm3. Initial fluoride concentrations for the adsorption studies were 1.24 and 12.2 mg/dm3. Fluoride adsorption isotherm fitted well the Freundlich isotherm with the coefficient of determination >0.99 for both adsorbents. The fluoride adsorption capacity of iron oxide was found higher than that of cement clay due to the high surface area and charge of iron oxide. How-ever both substances can reduce F– contamination below the acceptable limits of 1.5 mg/dm3 for less contaminated water.
    Źródło:
    Environment Protection Engineering; 2017, 43, 2; 109-118
    0324-8828
    Pojawia się w:
    Environment Protection Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The effect of nitrate on fluoride removal by batch electrodialysis
    Autorzy:
    Ahmed, Arif Eftekhar
    Grzegorzek, Martyna
    Majewska-Nowak, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/207935.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    removal of fluorine
    drinking water
    PCCell method
    electrodialysis
    usuwanie fluoru
    woda pitna
    metoda PCCell
    elektrodializa
    Opis:
    Fluoride and nitrate are common pollutants in drinking water and their presence deteriorates the quality of drinking water. According to WHO guidelines, the fluoride content in drinking water cannot be higher than 1.5 mg F–/dm3. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the efficiency of fluoride removal from model aqueous solutions under the presence of nitrate. The experiments were conducted with the use of laboratory installation PCCell BED-1 System at a constant current density (0.78, 1.72, and 2.34 mA/cm2) with the use of monovalent selective ion-exchange membranes. The influence of initial nitrate concentration (15, 30, 45 mg NO3 – /dm3) and initial fluoride concentration (5, 10, 15 mg F–/dm3) on the process performance was studied. The degree of desalination varied from 85 to 91.7% depending on the solution composition and the applied current density, whereas the fluoride removal was in the range of 70–90%. The presence of coexisting NO3 –ions in fluoride solutions improved process efficiency in view of fluoride removal by batch electrodialysis.
    Źródło:
    Environment Protection Engineering; 2019, 45, 4; 87-101
    0324-8828
    Pojawia się w:
    Environment Protection Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Biodiversity and antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from tap water in Wrocław, Poland
    Autorzy:
    Leginowicz, M.
    Siedlecka, A.
    Piekarska, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/207741.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    water supply
    drinking water
    biological diversity
    16S rRNA gene
    systemy zasilania
    woda pitna
    różnorodność biologiczna
    Opis:
    Microbial contamination and biodiversity were determined for the drinking water samples collected from selected points of the water supply system in Wroclaw, Poland. All tested samples met the requirements of Polish law, i.e., the Regulation of the Minister of Health. However, the antibiotic resistant bacteria were found. The correlation between the distance of sampling points from water treatment plants and their microbial contamination was not established. Nevertheless, the Na Grobli treatment plant seemed to produce water of higher microbial quality than the Mokry Dwor treatment plant at the moment of sampling. The identification of representative isolates was performed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and the results of these two methods were compared, indicating some discrepancies. Nevertheless, bacteria dwelling in drinking water in Wroclaw belonged to the phyla Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria (alpha-, beta-, gamma-Proteobacteria) and Firmicutes . The determination of antibiotic resistance profiles showed that 12 from 17 tested isolates revealed resistance to at least one antibiotic and two strains were multi-drug-resistant.
    Źródło:
    Environment Protection Engineering; 2018, 44, 4; 85-98
    0324-8828
    Pojawia się w:
    Environment Protection Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of internal polyurethane coatings of cast iron pipes on the quality of transported potable water
    Autorzy:
    Zielina, Michał
    Młyńska, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2171838.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    drinking water
    polyurethane coating
    iron
    pH value
    CV
    coefficient of variation
    woda pitna
    powłoka poliuretanowa
    żeliwo
    wartość pH
    współczynnik zmienności
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of laboratory tests to determine the effect of an internal polyurethane coating in ductile iron pipes on the quality of disinfected and non-disinfected drinking water. A decrease in the pH of water in contact with the polyurethane coating was found, which was slightly higher in the non-disinfected water than in the disinfected water. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the pH values for the chlorinated water samples was 5.02% and for the non-chlorinated water was 7.15%. The experiments also showed a rather large effect of polyurethane liner on the increase of TOC concentration in water. The presence of disinfectant further slightly increased the amount of organic compounds released. The CV values normalized to one day for TOC were as high as 193.32% and even 199.39% for disinfected water. A significant effect of polyurethane coating was observed on the color change and odor of water. On the other hand, there was no effect of polyurethane coating on alkalinity and chlorine consumption in water. The CV values normalized to one day in both cases were very small at 0.97% and 0.53%, respectively.
    Źródło:
    Environment Protection Engineering; 2022, 48, 3; 25--38
    0324-8828
    Pojawia się w:
    Environment Protection Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Attapulgite suspension filter material for biological aerated filter to remove CODMn and ammonia nitrogen in micropolluted drinking water source
    Autorzy:
    Xu, Kai
    Wang, Jiahao
    Li, Jiacheng
    Wang, Zijie
    Lin, Zizeng
    Wang, Zheng
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032905.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    drinking water
    biofiltration
    BAF
    biological aerated filter
    COVID-19
    removal of ammonia
    human stool
    woda pitna
    biofiltracja
    biologiczny filtr napowietrzny
    usuwanie amoniaku
    kał ludzki
    Opis:
    An attapulgite suspended (AS) filter material was successfully prepared and used in combination with biological aerated filter (BAF) to pretreat excess organic matter and ammonia nitrogen in micropolluted water. The AS filter material was of low density and floated on the water surface, which is beneficial to optimize the hydraulic conditions. Through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) It was found that the surface of the filter material was uneven, the pores were deep. When the hydraulic load is 4 m/h and the gas to water volume ratio is 2:1, the removal rates of permanganate index (CODMn) and ammonia nitrogen by ASBAF are up to 57.49 and 88.11%, respectively, and the effluent quality meets relevant standards. After backwashing, the pollutants removal rate will return to stable filtration after two hours. A short-term shutdown of the reactor has little effect on the processing performance of ASBAF, but a long-term shutdown will greatly affect the removal rate of CODMn. The complete organic matter degradation model can well fit the experimental effluent water quality.
    Źródło:
    Environment Protection Engineering; 2020, 46, 4; 21-40
    0324-8828
    Pojawia się w:
    Environment Protection Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Adsorption kinetics of fluoride on bone char and its regeneration
    Autorzy:
    Hu, J.
    Wu, D.
    Rao, R.
    Liu, R.
    Lai, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/206892.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    chlorine compounds
    fluorine compounds
    ions
    sodium compounds
    sulfur compounds
    adsorption kinetics
    chemical reaction equilibrium
    correlation coefficient
    Freundlich equation
    optimal conditions
    layered double hydroxides
    aqueous-solution
    drinking water
    equilibrium
    adsorbent
    związki chloru
    związki fluoru
    jod
    związki sodu
    związki siarki
    kinetyka adsorpcji
    równowaga reakcji chemicznej
    współczynnik korelacji
    równanie Freundlicha
    woda pitna
    równanie Langmuira
    Opis:
    The adsorbent of bone char (BC), produced from the pyrolysis of crushed animal bones, was dominated by the mesopores of the Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area. The optimal condition for defluoridation with BC was a pH level near 5.0. Chloride and nitrate ions could increase fluoride adsorption capacity in contrast with the effect of sulfate and carbonate ions. The interchangeability between fluoride and hydroxyl groups on BC sorbent was proved by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Langmuir equation had a better correlation coefficient than the Freundlich equation at various temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters such as Delta G degrees, Delta H degrees, Delta S degrees, Ea and S*, have been calculated to describe the nature of fluoride adsorption onto BC. Negative Delta G degrees and Delta H degrees values at various temperatures indicate a spontaneous process, and its exothermic effect, respectively. However, a positive Delta S degrees value represents an increasing process for entropy. The E-a and S* values ranging from 5 to 40 kj.mol-1 and 0 to 1, respectively, demonstrated that the adsorption is dominated by physical process, although the adsorption kinetic process was involved external diffusion, intraparticle diffusion and chemical reaction equilibrium stage. A high concentration of NaOH solution increases efficiency of removing adsorbed F- ions from the BC surface.
    Źródło:
    Environment Protection Engineering; 2017, 43, 3; 93-112
    0324-8828
    Pojawia się w:
    Environment Protection Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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