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    Tytuł:
    Przeobrażenia rolnictwa polskiego w latach 2003-2013
    Transformations of Polish agriculture in the years 2003-2013
    Autorzy:
    Kapusta, Franciszek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/569874.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    agriculture
    Common Agricultural Policy
    support
    subsidies
    productivity
    self-sufficiency
    Opis:
    It has been 10 years of Polish membership in the European Union, and the acquisition of Polish agriculture rules of the Common Agricultural Policy. Such an anniversary induces us to reflect on the changes taking place in agriculture. The aim of the study was to: a) show the amount of funds paid to farmers under the Common Agricultural Policy and the sources of their origin, b) the presentation of changes in agriculture in terms of: inputs, crop area and production of major crops in total and per capita, livestock farming and the production of major animal products in total and per capita, productivity (land, labor and fixed assets), marketability and profitability (land and labor), self-sufficiency in the production and consumption: basic cereals, potatoes, cow’s milk, hen eggs, and meat and offal. As the base period for comparison one adopted the years 2001-2003, i.e. three years before the Polish accession to the European Union, and the last period is 2011-2013, due to the availability of validated statistical data. In agriculture, there are variations in the cultivation of various crops, animal husbandry and productivity of plants and animals caused by natural factors and economic considerations. There are also variations in the prices of means of production and the production itself. The adoption of three-year periods allows for the elimination of annual fluctuations and provides a more comparable performance. Poland moving to a market economy in the nineties of the twentieth century did prepare its whole economy to join the EU, especially in rural areas and agriculture. With the adoption of the EU there were Polish institutions and legal solutions allowing for the adoption of appropriate management and financial support directed to the country and to agriculture. This support contributed to the need to increase investment in agriculture also from national resources (co-financing). Finally, funding for agricultural production increased from less than 9% in the pre-accession period to 60% in 2009-2010. Appropriations for direct payments and complementary targeted at farmers account for about 61% of all funds directed to rural areas by the EU. In addition, Poland obtained without tariff barriers an access to the EU market, resulting in increasingly higher volumes of products and an increase in trade surplus. Obtained funding for farmers, the organization of the agricultural market and legal infrastructure stimulate multiple transformations in Polish agriculture, and the main ones are: –– Changes in the factors of production; reduction of arable land resources and the increase in capital assets and the change of their structure (reducing the share of buildings and structures and increase the share of machinery, equipment and means of transport). Labor resources have a high degree of stability to the amount due to the low possibility of their use in non-agricultural activities, while changes to the structure of these resources: increase the participation of young people, women and those with higher education. –– Changes in acreage of individual crops, harvest and production of plant products per capita. These changes are shaped by the market: demand and profitability of production, –– Changes in the size of herds of livestock (cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, poultry) and meat animal production. Here, too, very much evident operation of the market: demand and profitability of production. –– Increased economic efficiency: increase in productivity of all factors of production, –– Increased food self-sufficiency: food self-sufficiency ratios improved with increasing trade flows in agricultural products abroad. In conclusion, after encompassing Polish agriculture in the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU, there were a lot of structural changes in the factors of production, the organization of production, management efficiency and food self-sufficiency.
    Źródło:
    Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2015, 3 (7); 82-99
    2353-8929
    Pojawia się w:
    Ekonomia XXI Wieku
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rynek owoców w Polsce w okresie przedakcesyjnym i po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej
    Fruit market in Poland duringthe pre-accession period and afterthe accession to the European Union
    Autorzy:
    Kapusta, Franciszek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/569990.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    fruit
    consumption
    exchange
    area
    harvest
    yields
    Opis:
    Fruit market in Poland is covered by the regulations of the Common Market Organization for Fruit and Vegetables, which was established in 1996 in the European Union. The regulation covers fruit quality issues and the protection of the internal market by defining the rules of international trade. The support for fruit growers was emphasized on the internal market. The aim of the study was to show: the importance of fruit in human nutrition, changes in the level of consumption and production and development of directions of usage. The paper covers the period 1995-2012 in terms of acreage, crops and fruit, and 2001-2012 in terms of the production of processed fruit. In turn, the trade turnover with fresh fruit and milk are presented for the years 2009-2012. By 2003, it was a pre-accession period, and later − post-accession to the European Union. Such periods of study have been sanctioned by the availability of statistical data. The chemical composition of fresh fruit and berries varies greatly; water predominates (80-85%), while in the dry matter (15-20%) there are sugars, organic acids, pectins, tannins and aromatic substances that impart characteristic taste to them. In addition, fruit are a valuable source of vitamins C, B, provitamin AP , E, K and folic acid. The consumption of apples is particularly recommended, because they are rich in biologically active compounds reducing the risk of asthma, diabetes, obesity and other diseases. In addition their daily intake of at least 110 g reduces by 49% the probability of myocardial infarction in men. So far, the consumption of fruit and their products (in terms of fresh fruit) is in the range of 50-60 kg per person per year and this level is too low. Growing fruit in Poland in 2012 accounted for 2.3% of agricultural land and provided 5.2% of global production and 6.0% of the production of agricultural goods. The area is changing as well as yields. The process of concentration of production and the modernization of specific fruit trees and a change in production technology takes place. As a result, a smaller number of manufacturers provide higher and higher quality fruit. The area of growing apples, apricots, peaches and walnuts grows, while of pears, plums and cherries decreases. In the scope of shrubs and berry plantations there is an increasing area of planted raspberries, currants, chokeberry, high-bush blueberry, hazelnut and vines, and the decreasing area of strawberries and gooseberries. Fruit production is seasonal while consumer needs are constant. Hence, the role of storage, processing and trading of foreign fruit is important. From year to year there is an increasing trade turnover of fresh fruit and their processed products. Often, the same products are imported and exported. There are variations in the trade balance of fresh fruit and processed fruit. In total, in the years 2009, 2011 and 2012, Poland had a positive balance of foreign trade, while in 2010 negative.
    Źródło:
    Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2014, 3(3); 9-22
    2353-8929
    Pojawia się w:
    Ekonomia XXI Wieku
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przemysł spożywczy w Polsce i jego baza surowcowa
    Food industry in Poland as a raw material base
    Autorzy:
    Kapusta, Franciszek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/570104.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    food industry
    material resources
    production
    purchase
    cooperation
    processing
    Opis:
    The aim of the study was to characterize the changes in the way of obtaining food by man, showing the development of food industry and the specific nature of its actions, to define renewable raw materials base, to characterize the volume of production and purchasing basic agricultural products in 1990, 2000 and 2010, to show the changes in the sizes of concentration the production of basic agricultural products in 2002 and 2010 and to characterize changes in the forms of food industry supply of agricultural raw materials. The paper is based on the literature compact and continuous research and statistical information. The satisfaction of human needs has a long history, and food is among these needs in the first place. The invention of methods of food preservation formed the basis for the development of food industry. The food industry is an economic activity involving the processing of agricultural products into finished or semi-finished food products and fodder using industrial production methods. According to the European Classification of Activities it is Chapter 15, “Manufacture of food products and beverages” which includes nine groups (industries) of activities. The beginnings of the development on Polish lands date back to the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Previously, farmers and artisans dealt with the processing of agricultural raw materials. Today, the food industry produces approx. 20% of sold production of industry, employs approx. 14% of the staff and participates in approx. 10% of investment. It is subject to transformations in which the number of micro, small and medium-sized entities is reduced, and the number of large entities is increased. Similar changes occur in the number of employees: the value of the total production sold and from small, medium and large entities increases, and from micro-entities decreases. Agriculture is a source of renewable raw materials used for different purposes, while their use by food industry to produce food is at the forefront. Relatively stable demand for food products is accompanied by the variable supply of raw materials. In addition, these materials are characterized by a diverse durability. Therefore there is a need to develop various forms of cooperation between primary producers and processors to ensure their rhythmic delivery, because this ensures efficient processing. The various branches of the processing industry develop various forms of cooperation with the manufacturers of raw materials. There are spatial, organizational, technological and economic ties between processing units and primary producers. The production of raw materials is subject to fluctuation and concentration: the number of manufacturers of individual products is reduced and the scale of production is increased. All this is aimed at attracting more better quality and easier accessible resources to processors. In terms of supplying processing plants with raw materials, in principle there are three forms: free-market purchase, buying from regular suppliers (often contractual), and own production organized by plants.
    Źródło:
    Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2015, 2 (6); 9-27
    2353-8929
    Pojawia się w:
    Ekonomia XXI Wieku
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe Polski i jej mieszkańców w okresie przedakcesyjnym i po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej
    Food security of Poland and its inhabitants during the pre-accession and after accession period to the European Union
    Autorzy:
    Kapusta, Franciszek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/570172.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe
    samowystarczalność
    struktura
    poziom
    spożycie
    Opis:
    Celem badań było określenie stanu i kierunku zmian bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego Polski i jej mieszkańców w okresie przedakcesyjnym i po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej, a w szczególności: zdefiniowanie pojęcia, rodzajów bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego i warunków jego spełnienia, scharakteryzowanie poziomu spożycia podstawowych produktów żywnościowych w latach 2000-2014 oraz określenie poziomu samowystarczalności żywnościowej wybranych produktów, dokonanie oceny ekonomicznej dostępności do żywności i zróżnicowania społeczności polskiej pod tym względem, ustalenie poziomu spożycia energii, jej struktury oraz podstawowych składników odżywczych dla poszczególnych grup społeczno- ekonomicznych gospodarstw w latach 2001-2003 i 2012-2014 [...]
    Źródło:
    Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2016, 4 (12); 68-86
    2353-8929
    Pojawia się w:
    Ekonomia XXI Wieku
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zboża jako składnik rolnictwa i gospodarki Polski
    Cereals as a component of agriculture and Polish economy
    Autorzy:
    Kapusta, Franciszek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/569868.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    cereals
    area
    production
    structure
    balance
    self-sufficiency
    Opis:
    The aim of this study was to: a) show the place and role of cereals in the Polish economy in the early twenty-first century; b) analyze changes in the area of cereal crops and their share in the structure of crops in the years 1938-2013; c) analyze trends in the size and structure of grain production in the years 1938-2013; d) perform balance of cereals and determination of Polish self-sufficiency in this product; e) characterize trends in destiny cereals; f) present state intervention in the grain market. The analysis is based on sources such as scientific publications, reports of the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics − National Research and statistical materials. The collected material was developed and interpreted using the methods: a comparison in the horizontal and vertical form, statistical form and determine the Polish self-sufficiency in grain production in terms of technical and economical Kapusta method. Cereals are an important component of agriculture and Polish economy since they are grown by 89.5% of farms, occupy almost three quarters of crop area and are an essential component of crop rotation (2013). 19.1% of global agriculture production and 35.5% of plant production and 13.1% of the agricultural commodity production and 29.1% of crop production form an important source of nutrients, the basis of the food pyramid and a basic component of food security, cereals and their derivatives are the subject of foreign trade and a source of increasing surplus in the trade balance (2012/2013 + 1 150 thousand euros). Already in pre- WWII Poland the position of grain was high, and in post-war Poland variable with a tendency to increase their role in plantings and agricultural production. Under the influence of various factors, mainly economic and natural there are changes to the total cereal cultivation area and the individual species. The universality of cereal crops makes difficulties in disseminating biological and technological progress. Although in the post-war period there was a decrease in areas planted with cereals, their collections are on the rise; also changes its structure in favor of more intensive species at a higher value in use (wheat, barley, triticale, corn). The production is realized in order to satisfy human needs, and therefore a good measure of the production of goods per 1 inhabitant, in this case the grain. From the pre-war years to modern years grain production has increased from 404 kg per capita to 739 kg. In the balance sheet of cereals at the beginning of the twenty-first century, we have two different situations; relatively stable internal consumption is accompanied by high volatility on the production side (changes in acreage and yields), which generates the need for imports in the years of crop failure. In Poland, cereals consumed (average of the years 2000 / 01-2012 / 13, for 13 years) are as follows: grazing − 60.5%, consumption − 22.2%, sowing (reproduction) − 7.2%, industrial processing − 4.5%, other (loss defects) − 3.7%. At the same time Poland exported 15,676 thousand tons of grain, and imported 16, 530 thousand tones, i.e. 854 thousand tons more. In subsequent years, however, there were changing trends in the balance of foreign trade in grain. In the period of Polish membership in the European Union we observe the increased foreign sales of grain and milk (both exports and imports). As a result of well-developed grain processing and export of its products Poland has achieved positive balance of trade with increasing surplus with foreign countries in terms of value for several years. The cereals market in Poland − as in other European Union countries − is regulated, and this action is led the Agricultural Market Agency on behalf of the state.
    Źródło:
    Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2016, 2 (10); 121-137
    2353-8929
    Pojawia się w:
    Ekonomia XXI Wieku
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Determinanty rozwoju wsi polskiej na początku XXI wieku
    Determinants of Polish rural development at the beginning of the XXI century
    Autorzy:
    Kapusta, Franciszek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/569938.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    countryside
    areas
    co-financing
    support
    infrastructure
    multi-functionality
    Opis:
    Countryside, as an area and place of living of the increasing number of people undergoes numerous changes, including: the reduction of the area of countryside, the increase of the number of rural population and the level of infrastructure, the deepening of diversification of activity and of main sources of living of the population. These processes take place under the influence of internal (domestic) and external factors. The European Union supports activation and renewal of rural areas. For the years 2007- -2013 there was developed the program which became a design supporting four priority axes. The first axis is of a commercial nature and its aim is to improve the competitiveness of the agricultural and forestry sector. The second axis is associated with ecological and environmental considerations and focuses on the improvement of environment. The third axis contains social values and directs efforts to improve the quality of life of population in rural areas and at the same time aspirations to diversify the rural economy. The fourth axis applies to local community. The program defines the scope and forms of rural support for the years 2007-2013. It is financed both from the EU and the national public funds. The aim of the study was to: identify change trends within the Polish countryside in terms of territory and population, to state if the membership of Poland to the European Union contributes to the development of rural areas and agriculture as well as if there is deepening of diversification of activities in rural areas and progress in the country evolution from agricultural to multifunctional. The collected material was developed and interpreted using comparative methods (comparisons) in the form of vertical and horizontal, statistical and relative valorization of infrastructure elements. The range of rural areas in Poland is isolated by the register called TERYT and in the years 2003-2011 shows the reduction of rural area and its share in the area of Poland while increasing the number of residents and increasing their share in the total population of the country. With a view to integrate the Polish countryside with the areas of the European Union the series of political and economic decisions were taken both at EU and national level. Poland, including rural areas, began to benefit from the EU funds (such as SAPARD, PHARE and ISPA) before its accession to the EU. After the accession, the scale of these funds multiplied, which served the changes in the countryside economically and socially. The effect of these changes is the increased level of technical and social infrastructure in rural areas, making up for delays in this area and the acceleration of the transition towards the multilateralism. The result is an increase in employment of the rural population in the activities of non-agricultural nature and the assimilation of structure of the rural population in terms of the main sources of income to the national average.
    Źródło:
    Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2014, 1(1); 9-28
    2353-8929
    Pojawia się w:
    Ekonomia XXI Wieku
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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