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Tytuł:
Picea abies in Northrhine-Westphalia
Autorzy:
Schmitt, H P
Heyder, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40997.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
plant survival
survival
genetic resource
seed storage
seed orchard
Sauerland region
Westphalia
Germany
Opis:
The Sauerland region of southern Westphalia has the most economic stands of Norway spruce in the state of Northrhine-Westphalia (Germany). As shown by historical research and genetic analysis, the seeds for these stands were imported from Thuringia around the year 1880. Therefore, the two states are collaborating closely to secure the genetic variety of the spruce and develop new sources of seed supply. The survival of the Hochsauerland Norway spruce is now under threat: these stands have already been harvested or are due for harvesting shortly, in addition, many of the older stands were destroyed by the gale "Kyrill" in 2007, and only a few stands have remained. Since its foundation, the Forest Gene Bank of Northrhine-Westphalia has taken the following measures to preserve the gene pool of the Hochsauerland spruce and conserve it in the long term: storage of seed from 100 representative trees in all the most valuable stands of spruce (since 1985); establishment of seed orchards; and establishment of replacement stands. Thanks to those measures, the genetic information of the Norway spruce stands of Thuringian origin has been secured, and substantial stocks of seed are available for reforestation.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quality assessment methods for Picea abies seeds
Autorzy:
Prochazkova, Z
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41166.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
seed quality
purity
germination
health testing
assessment method
spruce seed
Opis:
The quality assessment of spruce seeds consists mainly in determining their germination capacity, including germination rate (speed), but also purity and weight. Internationally recognised methods are listed in the ISTA Rules for Seed Testing which also specify test conditions. Some countries such as Poland use modified methods. Apart from providing information about the purity of a species, purity testing can also identify the proportion of winged seeds in each seed lot. Germination tests yield data on the maximum germination potential of a seed lot which are used to compare the quality of different lots and to establish the field sowing values. This paper presents the methods used for assessing the quality of Norway spruce seeds, and discusses their advantages and disadvantages and the problems that need further investigation.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Participation of Poland in IUFRO studies on Picea abies
Autorzy:
Giertych, M
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41545.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
provenance test
Polska
research
International Union of Forest Research Organisations
IUFRO zob.International Union of Forest Research Organisations
Opis:
The paper outlines the history of international provenance experiments on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) conducted in Poland, starting from the first attempt at establishing trials in 1938, which was interrupted by the war. The most important experiments so far have been the IUFRO 1964/68 and IUFRO1972 Inventory Provenance Tests with Norway Spruce.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Current state of Picea abies stands in the Ukrainian Carpathians
Autorzy:
Guz, M
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41137.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
environmental function
forest type
composition
productivity
Carpathians Mountains
Ukraine
Opis:
The paper provides a detailed characterisation of Norway spruce stands in the Ukrainian Carpathians. The majority of natural spruce stands in Ukraine occur in Polesie, while artificial regeneration is spread all over the country. The most densely forested part of Ukraine is the Carpathian region with 41.1% of forest-covered area (2.1 million ha). Spruce-dominated stands occupy about 700 thousand hectares (30%) of the forested area of the state forest fund in the Ukrainian Carpathians, and another 10% of the mixed forests contain 10 to 30% of spruce. Besides pure spruce stands, there are beech-spruce, beech-fir-spruce, and cedar-spruce stands. The most productive stands (750-900m3 stem wood per ha) grow in the middle and lower parts of slopes at 1100-1200 m a.s.l. which have favourable soil and climate conditions. Since the second half of the 20th century, spruce stands in the substantial part of the Ukrainian Carpathians have declined under the influence of complex anthropogenic and natural factors. Although the present condition of most spruce forests in this region remains satisfactory, the degradation processes and the ban imposed in 2006 on planting spruce on non-spruce forest sites (in state forests) may decrease their area in the longer term.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Picea abies breeding in Sweden is based on clone testing
Autorzy:
Lindgren, D
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41300.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
Sweden
clone testing
rooted cutting
seed orchard
long-term breeding
Opis:
In the last decades, clone testing has become an important component of the long-term breeding and seed orchards for Norway spruce in Sweden. For more than three decades, considerable resources have been spent on testing clones intended for clonal forestry, but the Swedish forestry never saw it worth to pay the added cost involved in the added gain. The efforts, however, resulted in many clone trials and developments in the technique for clone production and propagation. Theoretically, clone testing is faster and cheaper than progeny testing and more reliable than selecting individuals forwards. Nowadays, the main line in long-term breeding is to make crosses between the best trees and test-cloned full-sibs as a recruitment population for long-term breeding and seed orchards. Since controlled crosses are a bottleneck for long-term breeding, a possibility is to rely on wind pollination (Breeding Without Breeding; BWB) in trials for testing clones. The seed parent is known, and that the pollen parent is a desirable genotype can be checked by molecular markers. BWB has the potential to eliminate the waiting time between selection and recombination, which is particularly important in a late and irregularly flowering species such as Norway spruce. Clone testing ensures that the breeding values are known from the same tests as those used for BWB. Another option for BWB is to place in seed orchards a few ramets of clones belonging to the breeding population, but normally not deserving such a use, with the hope that their presence will make it possible to rely on wind pollination to recombine the whole breeding population.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Monitoring of xylem formation in Picea abies under drought stress influence
Autorzy:
Gryc, V.
Hacura, J.
Vavrcik, H.
Urban, J.
Gebauer, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41506.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
monitoring
xylem formation
Norway spruce
Picea abies
drought stress
Opis:
The effect of drought stress on regular cambium activity and wood formation in stems of two different clones of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was investigated. Tissue samples were taken during the growing season from May to September 2010. Artificial drought stress, induced by long-term sheltering of the soil, was significantly manifested in clone 15. In the stressed individual, the period of cambium activity was shorter, the total number of formed cells was lower and the resulting tree ring was narrower. The number of cells in the phases of postcambial growth and secondary cell wall formation was significantly lower in comparison to the control tree. The tracheid lignification process was slower in the tree stressed by water deficit and the first mature tracheids were observed later. On the other hand, in clone 18 probably genetic dispositions played an important role as no considerable deviations in the cambium activity and new wood cells production were observed. Fitting xylem increments to the Gompertz function showed that the period of the most intensive cell formation was at the turn of June and July and the maximum daily production of new cells was higher in non-stressed individuals than in the stressed ones. The results of the experiment lead us to the conclusion that drought stress can significantly affect the cambium activity of some clones, the differentiation process of anatomical elements, and thus also the resulting tree ring width.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2012, 67
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA differentiation of Picea abies populations in Poland
Autorzy:
Nowakowska, J A
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40976.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
Polska
mitochondrial DNA
nuclear DNA
plant population
microsatellite marker
post-glacial migration
Opis:
The natural stands of Norway spruce in Poland are split between the southern and the northeastern parts of the country. Two so-called "spruceless" zones separate the northern spruce locations from those in the south, one "spruceless" zone is situated in Central Poland, and the other one in the Beskid Mts. Mitochondrial (STS) and nuclear (SSR) markers were used to perform the genetic identification of Norway spruce. Four different variants of haplotypes, "a", "b", "c" and "d", were found to occur in the nad1 locus of STS markers. Populations from the northern range of Picea abies distribution in Poland harboured exclusively haplotypes "c" and "d", except for the Białowieża population which had haplotypes "a" and "c". Populations from the "spruceless" zones contained four types of haplotypes whilst those from southern Poland were mostly composed of haplotype "a". High mean gene diversity was observed for both STS and SSR markers (HT = 0.529, and HT = 0.851, respectively). The total genetic differentiation of Norway spruce populations was very low (FST= 0.088). Two main groups of populations were distinguished in the dendrogram defined by Nei's genetic distances based on microsatellite markers. The distribution of the genotypes was scattered and did not show any connection with the spatial distribution of P. abies in Poland. Only the mtDNA markers were able to differentiate the northern populations of Norway spruce from the southern ones, proving the historical separation between the Baltico-Nordic and the Hercyno-Carpathian ranges of P. abies in Poland. By contrast, the microsatellite data suggested an overlap between the genotypes due to the human manipulation of Norway spruce stands in the past.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Utility of two mitochondrial markers for identification of Picea abies refugial origin
Autorzy:
Litkowiec, M
Dering, M.
Lewandowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41333.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
coniferous plant
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
mtDNA
molecular marker
mitochondrial marker
identification
polymerase chain reaction
RFLP analysis
gene pool conservation
forest ecosystem
plant population
Opis:
Picea abies (L.) Karst is one of the most important coniferous species of Europe from both ecological and economical points of view. Traditional methods for the gene pool conservation and biodiversity maintenance in forest ecosystems have been practiced in many countries. For progress in this field using highly polymorphic genetic molecular markers is needed. Our goal was to demonstrate the utility of two polymorphic mitochondrial markers mt15-D02 and nad1 b/c in identification native Norway spruce stands. This molecular markers were tested in 1401 individuals from 59 Polish Norway spruce populations. We detected three alleles, which are called1, 2 and3, for locus mt15-D02 and two alleles , which are called1 and2, for locus nad1 b/c in our material. All five variants of alleles indicate the natural origin of P. abies. Result of this study shows that molecular marker mt15-D02 is easy to use and more informative in compare to marker nad1 b/c.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61; 65-71
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The radial growth-competition relationship in Picea abies stands affected by windfall
Autorzy:
Badea, O.
Dumitru, I.
Cojocia, C.
Popa, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41406.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
Norway spruce
stand
Picea abies
windfall
risk factor
Opis:
Actual status of mountain forests especialy, of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst. (L)) stands is a result of combined action between forest management measures and biotic and abiotic risk factors. In this context, tree growth dynamics is a result of multifactor interaction (competition, disturbance, management practice, climate etc.). Wind damage affect the stand structure and normal ecosystem functions including the relationship between individual tree growth and competition processes. Though, it is recorded a diminishing of productive capacity for affected stands as well as a significant diameter increment for remaining standing trees. The correlation between tree growth (cumulate basal area increment in the last 10 years) and competition (Hegyi and Schutz competition indices) was analysed in stands with different windfall intensity. No relationship between tree growth and competition was observed in highly affected stands. Schutz competition index explains better individual tree growth comparing with Hegyi index in low or no-affected stand by windthrow. The variability of the basal area increment (lnΔɡ10), explained by competition indices, is rather low (<2%) in the stand that had been highly affected by windfall, regardless of the selected competition index. Thus, significant reduction of the stand density related to number of trees (low density), as a consequence of high intensity windfalls, crown competition has a very small influence on the basal area increment comparing with situations met in low (high density) and moderate (medium density) affected stands.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2015, 73
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Flowering and cone bearing of Picea abies grafts in second-generation seed orchards
Autorzy:
Misiorny, A
Chalupka, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41542.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
Norway spruce
Picea abies
cone yield
seed production
flowering
seed orchard
Opis:
In 2004, abundant flowering of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was observed in two second- generation seed orchards: (1) ‘Outbreeding’, promoting crossing between clones of five geographically distant populations; and (2) ‘Kolonowskie’, restoring a population whose offspring exists only in an international experiment (IUFRO 1964/1968). In bothseed orchards, female strobili were produced by 91.3% and 91.7% of clones, represented by 64.1% and 55.5% of grafts, respectively, and statistically significant differences between clones were found in the number of mature cones. In the case of the seed orchard ‘Outbreeding’, the number of mature cones in individual clones was significantly correlated with latitude of the origin of maternal populations (r = 0.8826, p = 0.0470). The majority (95%) of cones in seed orchards ‘Outbreeding’ and ‘Kolonowskie’ were produced by only 28.2% and 38.5% of all clones, and 21.4% and 25.7% of all grafts, respectively. These data attest to a disparity between the level of genetic diversity in seed orchard progeny resulting from the observed numbers of cone-bearing clones and grafts and the genetic diversity expected from the actual participation of clones and grafts in seed orchard composition. The estimated seed production per 1 ha of seed orchard area in 2004 reached 21.05 kg for ‘Outbreeding’ and 21.72 kg for ‘Kolonowskie’.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2006, 56; 51-59
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strategy for long-term breeding of Picea abies in Lithuania: short overview
Autorzy:
Danusevicius, D
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41309.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
long-term breeding
Lithuania
breeding strategy
future strategy
breeding programme
gene conservation
Opis:
This paper presents the newly suggested long-term breeding strategy for Norway spruce in Lithuania to share with the optimisation approach, which may be useful in synchronising the long-term breeding and gene conservation plans in neighbouring regions. The breeding programme in Lithuania is at a stage where the long-term plans need to be developed. Our strategy is to proceed with a closed-nucleus breeding population which is structured into subpopulations according to adaptation zones (4-5 subpopulations). The size of each subpopulation is 50 unrelated and progeny-tested individuals. The breeding cycle consists of double- pair mating and a balanced within-family selection forward. The candidates will be clone-tested. Advanced genotypes will be selected into an advanced nucleus; an isolated foreign breeding population is planned. Positive assortative mating is used for deployment. An experimental "shuttle-breeding" strategy may be tested: selection with avery high intensity, controlled crosses, nursery tests for vigour and growth rhythm, cloning by hedges into short-rotation clonal plantations.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Genetic reactivity of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst. to soil fertility
Autorzy:
Fober, H
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41140.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
climate condition
mineral nutrition
plant growth
plant productivity
environment condition
Norway spruce
Picea abies
genetic reactivity
soil fertility
half-sib family
genotype
nutrition level
provenance
Opis:
Seedlings of various provenances and progenies were greenhouse grown in sand cultures with different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The first experiment tested 20 provenances and the next studied 45–50 half-sib families of 9–10 provenances to establish the interaction between Picea abies genotypes and nutrition levels. Spruces of various origins differed in their nutrient requirements. In particular, seedlings from Wisła and Istebna grew better at smaller phosphorus levels. The genotype × environment interactions were significant for numerous traits when seedlings were grown at different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium, and for a few traits for potassium. The proportion of variance explained by interaction was small. Generally, the interactions were significant for a greater number of traits at progeny level than at provenance level. The results suggest that it is possible to select genotypes which are suitable for specific site conditions and genotypes which are stable over a wide range of nutrition levels.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2004, 51 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Geographical pattern of haplotypic variation in Austrian native stands of Picea abies
Autorzy:
Mengl, M
Geburek, T.
Schueler, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41567.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
mitochondrial DNA
biogeography
genetic diversity
haplotypic variation
native stand
Austria
tree species
Opis:
In the present study we analysed the mitochondrial intraspecific variation in natural populations of Norway spruce. We used the second intron of the nad1 gene, which contains two polymorphic short tandem repeats. Due to the maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in Norway spruce, the spatial distribution of haplotype DNA allows insights into seed dispersal and artificial seed transfer. A total of 504 trees distributed all over Austria were genotyped, and 9 different haplotypes could be found. A geographical map of the haplotype variation pattern of Picea abies is presented.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Intra-population variability of Picea abies from Zwierzyniec Lubelski and Blizyn (Poland)
Autorzy:
Kowalczyk, J
Markiewicz, P.
Matras, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41233.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
international conference
Europe
forest ecosystem
plant breeding
tree
Norway spruce
Picea abies
intrapopulation variability
family variation
heritability
plant population
Zwierzyniec Lubelski region
Blizyn region
Kutno Forest District
Polska
Opis:
The study investigates the intra-population variability of the growth and quality traits of Norway spruce populations from Bliżyn and Zwierzyniec Lubelski. The two populations are included in the IUFRO 1972 experiment and exhibit a high growth dynamics and a narrow crown form. The research was carried out on the experimental plot established in 1996 in Chrosno (Kutno Forest District) using 8228 two-year-old seedlings planted in a single-tree plot design at a spacing of 1.5 × 1.5 m. The seedlings represent 191 open-pollinated families, among them 93 families of Norway spruce from the Bliżyn region and 98 families from the Zwierzyniec Lubelski region. The height, height increment and DBH of trees were measured periodically, and some quality traits were assessed. The last results come from the measurements done on the trees aged 10 years. It was found that the differences between the two populations of Norway spruce are statistically nonsignificant but both of them show wide within-population variability. This suggests that they have the potential to flexibly respond to future changes in the growth conditions or to seed transfer to other seed zones. Survival in the environmental conditions of the experiment was independent of family.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2009, 61 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effectiveness of the pneumatic separation of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst seeds
Autorzy:
Tylek, P
Walczyk, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41337.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
Norway spruce
Picea abies
seed
pneumatic separation
separation effectiveness
critical velocity
seed sorting
seed mass
seed fraction
seed density
Opis:
The paper presents the theoretical basis for the pneumatic separation of Norway spruce seeds along with the results of investigations into the effectiveness of separation conducted in a pneumatic separator with a vertical air column. Such a separator was designed and produced at the Department of Forest Works Mechanization of the Agricultural University of Kraków. The device makes it possible to separate a mixture into three fractions based on the differences in critical velocities. The variation in density among different seed fractions is about two times lower than the variation in seed mass. This result supports the suggestion that omitting the size calibration of seeds before their pneumatic separation could lead to the dominance of seed density as a distinguishing feature.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2004, 51 Supplement
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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