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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Modelling of fluidized bed biomass gasification in the quasi-equilibrium regime for preliminary performance studies of energy conversion plants
    Autorzy:
    Kalina, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185441.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    biomasa
    fluidyzacja
    termodynamika
    biomass
    fluidized bed
    thermodynamics
    Opis:
    Thermodynamic equilibrium-based models of gasification process are relatively simple and widely used to predict producer gas characteristics in performance studies of energy conversion plants. However, if an unconstrained calculation of equilibrium is performed, the estimations of product gas yield and heating value are too optimistic. Therefore, reasonable assumptions have to be made in order to correct the results. This paper proposes a model of the process that can be used in case of deficiency of information and unavailability of experimental data. The model is based on free energy minimization, material and energy balances of a single zone reactor. The constraint quasiequilibrium calculations are made using approximated amounts of non-equilibrium products, i.e. solid char, tar, CH4 and C2H4. The yields of these products are attributed to fuel characteristics and estimated using experimental results published in the literature. A genetic algorithm optimization technique is applied to find unknown parameters of the model that lead to the best match between modelled and experimental characteristics of the product gas. Finally, generic correlations are proposed and quality of modelling results is assessed in the aspect of its usefulness for performance studies of power generation plants.
    Źródło:
    Chemical and Process Engineering; 2011, 32, 2; 73-89
    0208-6425
    2300-1925
    Pojawia się w:
    Chemical and Process Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    An approach to modeling and thermodynamic analysis of modern power engineering systems
    Autorzy:
    Kozaczka, J.
    Kolat, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185820.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    CCS
    energia
    termodynamika
    modelowanie
    power engineering
    energy
    thermodynamics
    Opis:
    The new efficient method of modeling and thermodynamic analysis of power engineering systems has been presented. With its help a comparison of different structures and investigation of the influence of a particular constituent process onto the whole system efficiency is possible. The shaft work or the energy is the main thermodynamic quantity taken into account in analyses, and the appropriate dimensionless modeling parameter has been introduced.
    Źródło:
    Chemical and Process Engineering; 2011, 32, 4; 401-410
    0208-6425
    2300-1925
    Pojawia się w:
    Chemical and Process Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Developing novel correlations for calculating natural gas thermodynamic properties
    Autorzy:
    Farzaneh-Gord, M.
    Rahbari, H.R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185843.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    termodynamika
    gaz ziemny
    natural gas
    thermodynamics
    novel correlations
    real time properties
    Opis:
    Natural gas is a mixture of 21 components and it is widely used in industries and homes. Knowledge of its thermodynamic properties is essential for designing appropriate processes and equipment. This paper presents simple but precise correlations of how to compute important thermodynamic properties of natural gas. As measuring natural gas composition is costly and may not be effective for real time process, the correlations are developed based on measurable real time properties. The real time properties are temperature, pressure and specific gravity of the natural gas. Calculations with these correlations are compared with measured values. The validations show that the average absolute percent deviation (AAPD) for compressibility factor calculations is 0.674%, for density is 2.55%, for Joule-Thomson coefficient is 4.16%. Furthermore, in this work, new correlations are presented for computing thermal properties of natural gas such as enthalpy, internal energy and entropy. Due to the lack of experimental data for these properties, the validation is done for pure methane. The validation shows that AAPD is 1.31%, 1.56% and 0.4% for enthalpy, internal energy and entropy respectively. The comparisons show that the correlations could predict natural gas properties with an error that is acceptable for most engineering applications.
    Źródło:
    Chemical and Process Engineering; 2011, 32, 4; 435-452
    0208-6425
    2300-1925
    Pojawia się w:
    Chemical and Process Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparison of adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions on pure and chemically modified fly ashes
    Autorzy:
    Soco, E.
    Kalembkiewicz, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185273.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    heavy metal
    coal fly ash
    adsorption
    kinetics
    thermodynamics
    popioły lotne z węgla kamiennego
    adsorpcja
    kinetyka
    termodynamika
    Opis:
    The study investigates chemical modifications of coal fly ash (FA) treated with HCl or NH4 HCO3 or NaOH or Na2 edta, based on the research conducted to examine the behaviour of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions adsorbed from water solution on treated fly ash. In laboratory tests, the equilibrium and kinetics were examined applying various temperatures (293 - 333 K) and pH (2 - 11) values. The maximum Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions adsorption capacity obtained at 293 K, pH 9 and mixing time 2 h from the Langmuir model can be grouped in the following order: FA-NaOH > FA-NH 4 HCO 3 > FA > NaOH2edta > FA-HCl. The morphology of fly ash grains was examined via small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and images of scanning electron microscope (SEM). The adsorption kinetics data were well fitted by a pseudo-second-order rate model but showed a very poor fit for the pseudo- first order model. The intra-particle model also revealed that there are two separate stages in the sorption process, i.e. the external diffusion and the inter-particle diffusion. Thermodynamics parameters such as free energy, enthalpy and entropy were also determined. A laboratory test demonstrated that the modified coal fly ash worked well for the Cd(II) and Pb(II) ion uptake from polluted waters.
    Źródło:
    Chemical and Process Engineering; 2016, 37, 2; 215-234
    0208-6425
    2300-1925
    Pojawia się w:
    Chemical and Process Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Fundamental study of the photocatalytic reduction of CO2: A short review of thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanisms
    Autorzy:
    Gandhi, Romil
    Moses, Aashish
    Baral, Saroj Sundar
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173433.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    CO2 to fuels
    hydrocarbon production
    thermodynamics
    photocatalysis
    mechanism
    CO2 do paliw
    produkcja węglowodorów
    termodynamika
    fotokataliza
    mechanizm
    Opis:
    On the off chance that methods which reduce the global CO2 content are unavailable and inefficient, the increasing CO2 levels will lead to a synchronized rise in temperature across the world. The conversion of this abundant CO2 into hydrocarbons like CH4, CH3OH, CO, HCOOH and hydrogen fuel using different techniques and their use for power could assist with the world’s energy deficiency and solve the CO2 reduction-energy nexus. In this study, photocatalytic CO2 conversion by sunlight will be of primary focus since this bears a resemblance with the regular photosynthesis phenomenon. This work also portrays the writings that have narrated the development of mixtures of two or more carbon ions (C2 ̧) within the photocatalytic reduction of CO2. This paper thus comprises the energy required for CO2 photoreduction, the kinetics mechanisms and thermodynamics requirements. The reaction of CO with water and the hydrogenation of CO2 are covered to understand the gap of Gibb’s free energy between both of the reactions. Likewise, the summary of different metal-based co-catalysts, metal-free co-catalysts and their selectivity towards CO2 reduction by photocatalysis and reduction of CO2 into various hydrocarbons, fuel and materials have also been examined.
    Źródło:
    Chemical and Process Engineering; 2022, 43, 2; 223--228
    0208-6425
    2300-1925
    Pojawia się w:
    Chemical and Process Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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