Temat: Impurity - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Process Optimization for the Gas-Liquid Heterogeneous Reactive Crystallization Process Involved in the Preparation of the Insensitive High Explosive TATB
Autorzy:: Nandi, A. K.
Kshirsagar, A. S.
Thanigaivelan, U.
Bhattacharyya, S. C.
Mandal, A. K.
Pandey, R. K.
Bhattacharya, B.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358228.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:: TATB
TCTNB
amination
reaction crystallization
chloride impurity
particle size
Opis:: The thermally stable, insensitive, high explosive 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6- trinitrobenzene (TATB) is manufactured by amination of 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6- trinitrobenzene (TCTNB) in toluene with NH3 gas. It is an isothermal, single-feed, semi-batch, gas-liquid heterogeneous, reaction crystallization process. The amination process is discussed by applying the chemical engineering methodology of mass transfer and reactive crystallization processes based on Two-Film Mass- Transfer (TFMT) theory. Kinetic expressions have been developed to define the chemical reactions as well as the physical phenomena (mass transfer) associated with this process. A single expression has been derived to explain the dependence of the ammonia consumption rate on various process parameters. Subsequently, the influence of various process parameters on the product quality (particle size and chloride impurity content) has been studied on the laboratory scale. Finally, the process has been established in the pilot plant, with optimized process conditions, to realize TATB of desired particle size and chloride content. The effects of feeding excess ammonia, and the presence of mercaptans/hydrogen sulphide impurities in poor quality toluene on the formation of certain undesirable by-products in TATB, are also discussed.
Źródło:: Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2014, 11, 1; 31-57
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:: Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Quantitative analysis of α-CL-20 polymorphic impurity in ε-CL-20 using Dispersive Raman Spectroscopy
Autorzy:: Ghosh, M.
Venkatesan, V.
Sikder, N.
Sikder, A. K.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951498.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:: CL-20
polymorphs
α-CL-20 impurity
Dispersive Raman Spectroscopy
Opis:: α-CL-20 polymorphic impurity in ε-CL-20 studies have been carried out using Dispersive Raman Spectroscopy. ε-, β-, α- and γ-CL-20 polymorphs were produced using crystallization methods with sample recovery from the solution being >90%, and chemical purity of about 99%. The polymorphs prepared were characterized using Dispersive Raman Spectroscopy over the Raman shift region of 100-3500 cm-1 using a 514 nm argon ion laser. The experimental studies were supported by ab initio computations performed at B3LYP level using a 6-31+G** basis set. The computed vibrational frequencies of the CL-20 conformers correspond to the ε, β and α or γ-CL-20 polymorphs when compared with the observed frequencies. α-CL-20 shows a distinct feature at 280 cm-1 as compared with those of the ε-CL-20 polymorph. Using Dispersive Raman Spectroscopy, a linear relationship was demonstrated for the absolute peak height and absolute peak area ratio of α-CL-20 versus the weight percent of α-CL-20. This method enables a detection limit of this polymorphic impurity down to 2 wt%.
Źródło:: Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2013, 10, 3; 419-438
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:: Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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