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Tytuł:
A Study of the Synthesis and Amination of 2,6-Dialkoxy-3,5-dinitropyrazines
Autorzy:
Bellamy, A. J.
Golding, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358847.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
LLM-105
2,6-dialkoxy-3 ,5-dinitropyrazine
2,6-dialkoxypyrazine
nitration
amination
Opis:
A series of 2,6-dialkoxy-3,5-dinitropyrazines (R = Me, Et, Pr) has been synthesized and subjected to amination. The yield and purity of the generated 2,6-diamino-3 ,5-dinitropyrazine was found to be independent of the alkoxy group present in the precursor. This contrasts with the behaviour of 1,3,5-trialkoxy-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (R = Me, Et, Pr), where the purity of the 1,3,5-triamino- 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) produced by amination was very dependent upon the alkoxy group.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2008, 5, 2; 3-19
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Plasticization of Submicron-Structured LOVA Propellants by a Linear Dinitramine
Autorzy:
Le Brize, A.
Spitzer, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358697.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
nitrocellulose
RDX
DNDA6
LOVA
Raman spectroscopy
Opis:
Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the analysis of complex energetic materials. In this work, this technique has been used to observe the inter-molecular interactions occurring in nitrocellulose-based propellants containing 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) and plasticized with 2,4-dinitro-2,4-diazahexane (DNDA6). The plasticization mechanism of nitrocellulose by DNDA6 was observed. RDX was found to be markedly uninvolved in chemical interactions in these matrices, hinting at a potential loss of stability in compositions for LOVA (LOw Vulnerability Ammunitions).
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 3; 547-556
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study of TATP: Mass Loss and Friction Sensitivity During Ageing
Autorzy:
Matyáš, R.
Šelešovský, J.
Musil, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358184.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
triacetone triperoxide
TATP
3,3,6,6,9,9-hexamethyl-1,2,4,5,7,8- hexoxonane
friction sensitivity
mass loss
Opis:
Triacetone triperoxide (3,3,6,6,9,9-hexamethyl-1,2,4,5,7,8-hexoxonane; TATP) is one of the most frequently used improvised explosives, often misused worldwide. In our previous studies, we had observed that the kind of acid used to catalyse its formation has a significant influence on TATP's properties. TATP was prepared using five different acids that are often used in improvised conditions. All of the samples were subjected to natural ageing in both open and closed vials at laboratory temperature. During ageing, TATP sublimes and decomposes. The changes in crystal size and shape after ageing were documented by optical microscopy. The mass loss was monitored about every third day during ageing. Samples prepared using sulphuric and perchloric acids lose weight more quickly than the others due to chemical decomposition. The friction sensitivity was determined for all samples before and after ageing. Neither the type of acid used nor the influence of closing the vials had any significant influence on the friction sensitivity after ageing. The friction sensitivity of all tested samples of TATP was about the same ? between that of lead azide and that of mercury fulminate.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2012, 9, 3; 251-260
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Surface Coating of Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) Crystals with the Insensitive High Explosive 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB)
Autorzy:
Nandi, A. K.
Ghosh, M.
Sutar, V. B.
Pandey, R. K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358361.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
surface coating
cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine
1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene
1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene
scanning electron microscope
Opis:
A method to crystallize the thermally stable, insensitive high explosive, 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) onto the surface of another high explosive cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) crystal is described. Amination of 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TCTNB) in toluene produces TATB which is precipitated by a reactive crystallization process. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of HMX, TATB crystals are found to be deposited onto the HMX crystal surface. This phenomenon was utilized to obtain in situ surface coating of HMX crystals with TATB. Both the conventional amination and the sonochemical amination methods, using dry ammonia (NH3) gas and ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH) respectively as the aminating agents, were studied. The coated materials were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA) and sensitivity tests. The results were compared with those of the virgin materials. Sonochemical amination provided a uniform coating of the HMX crystals. Coated HMX has shown substantial friction insensitivity gain as compared to uncoated HMX. However there is a drop in impact insensitivity in the coated materials.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2012, 9, 2; 119-130
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelling of the Nitration of 2-Methylpyrimidine-4,6-dione (MPD)
Autorzy:
Belaada, A.
Trzciński, W. A.
Chyłek, Z. C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358008.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
2-methylpyrimidine-4,6-dione
modelling of the nitration
kinetics
Opis:
The conditions and kinetics of nitration of 2-methylpyrimidine-4,6-dione (MPD), which leads to the formation of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (DADNE, FOX7) via 5,5-dinitro-2-(dinitromethylene)pyrimidine-4,6-dione, are presented. An analysis of literature data enabled us to propose a simple model of the nitration of MPD. The model was verified on the basis of literature data and our own experimental data. The influence of the rate of addition of nitric acid, into a model reactor, on temperature and composition of the reaction mixture was investigated numerically. The proposed nitration model could be useful in a study of the MPD nitration process on a large scale.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2018, 15, 3; 516-533
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Concerning the shock sensitivity of cyclic nitramines incorporated into a polyisobutylene matrix
Autorzy:
Pelikán, W.
Zeman, S.
Yan, Q. L.
Erben, M.
Elbeih, A.
Akštein, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358036.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
BCHMX
β-HMX
RDX
ε-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane
CL-20
gap test
impact
Opis:
Two types of plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) based on ε-2,4,6,8,10,12hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (ε-HNIW, CL-20), and PBXs based on 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX), β-1,3,4,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (β-HMX) and cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitro-octahydroimidazo-[4,5-d]imidazole (bicycloHMX, BCHMX) were prepared using a polyisobutylene binder with dioctylsebacate (DOS) as plasticizer, i.e. a C4 matrix. One version of the ε-HNIW PBX is a product with reduced sensitivity (RS-ε-HNIW). All these PBXs, referenced respectively as RS-ε-HNIW-C4, ε-HNIW-C4, RDX-C4, HMX-C4 and BCHMX-C4, were tested using the Small Scale Gap Test according to STANAG 4488. The results of the gap test on the PBXs with RDX, β-HMX and BCHMX correspond to the impact sensitivities of the original crystalline nitramines. This is not entirely valid for ε-HNIW. In other words, PBXs with RS-ε-HNIW cannot achieve as low a shock sensitivity as would be expected from the differences obtained from the impact sensitivities between RDX, β-HMX and BCHMX, on the one hand, and RS-εHNIW on the other. It is shown that the morphological stability of RS-ε-HNIW in the C4 matrix is insufficient. However, further development and use of RS-ε-HNIW as a filler of PBXs would seem to be both desirable and beneficial. Despite the relatively high impact sensitivity of crystalline BCHMX, the shock sensitivity of its analogous C4 PBX is already good, and comparable with that of RS-ε-HNIW.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2014, 11, 2; 219-235
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Synthesis and Property of 1,4-Diamino-3,6- dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole and Its Derivatives
Autorzy:
Li, Y.-N.
Wang, B.-Z.
Shu, Y.-J.
Zhang, S.-Y.
Lian, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358674.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole (DNPP)
1,4-diamino-3,6- dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole (DADNP)
4,4’-(triaz-1-ene-1,3-diyl)bis(1- amine-3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole) (TBADNP)
N-amination reaction
synthesis
property
Opis:
A synthetic procedure has been developed for the synthesis of 1,4-diamino- 3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole (DADNP) via N-amination reaction. Its derivatives, 4,4’-(triaz-1-ene-1,3-diyl)bis(1-amine-3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c] pyrazole) (TBADNP) and 1,4-dinitramino-3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole (DNADNP), were first designed and synthesized by the diazotization and nitrification of amino group, and their structures were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elementary analysis and MS. The thermal properties of target compounds were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The thermal decomposition peak temperatures of DADNP, TBADNP and DNADNP are 227, 236 and 288 °C, respectively. Results show that the derivatives of 1,4-diamino-3,6-dinitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazole have better thermal stability.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 2; 321-331
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigations on Chemical, Thermal Decomposition Behavior, Kinetics, Reaction Mechanism and Thermodynamic Properties of Aged TATB
Autorzy:
Singh, A.
Kaur, G.
Sarkar, C.
Mukherjee, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357970.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene
thermal decomposition
kinetics
thermodynamics
Opis:
1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) is a kind of insensitive high explosive that can be used as an energetic material in nuclear weapon and space applications. In this work, we have studied the effect of aging on the properties of TATB from a 20 year old lot that had been in direct contact with casing and natural environment conditions. The kinetics was studied using the temperature at the maximum reaction rate (peak) and isoconversional methods from TGA and DTA data obtained at five heating rates under a nitrogen atmosphere. The properties investigated for thermal stability indicate that there is no change in the properties during prolonged exposure in natural environment conditions. The activation energy calculated by the Kissinger method was 179.9 kJ·mol−1 by DTG and the 176.9 kJ·mol−1 by DTA. The experimental results of kinetic analysis obtained by isoconversional methods are in good agreement and very close to each other. In the analysis of reaction mechanisms, the reaction models could be probably best described by a surface contraction mechanism using the Coats-Redfern and Criado methods. The thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy of activation were also investigated. The self-accelerating decomposition temperature (TSADT) and critical temperature for thermal explosion (Tb) were also calculated.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2018, 15, 2; 258-282
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Benzofuroxan (Benzo[1,2-c]1,2,5-oxadiazole N-oxide) Derivatives as Potential Energetic Materials: Studies on Their Synthesis and Properties
Autorzy:
Šarlauskas, J.
Anusevičius, Z.
Misiunas, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358164.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
heterocyclic nitro compounds
X-ray diffraction
structure analysis
density
HEDM
5,6-DNBF
Opis:
The objective of this work was to prepare benzofuroxan derivatives as new, dense, potentially energetic materials and to investigate their properties, with the main focus being on 5,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan (5,6-DNBF). 5,6-DNBF was prepared by a 3-step reaction sequence: a) 1-azido-3-nitrobenzene was synthesized by diazotation of 3-nitroaniline with sodium nitrite and subsequent reaction with sodium azide in acetic/sulfuric mixed acids; b) it was nitrated with HNO3/H2SO4 to 1-azido-2,4,5-trinitrobenzene; c) thermal cyclization of the latter compound in a polar solvent gave the desired 5,6-DNBF (m.p. 177 °C). It was fully characterized by UV/VIS, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The density of the compound (X-ray) was found to be comparatively high (1.88 g/cm3), and to be superior to the previously known, isomeric energetic material ? 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan (4,6-DNBF) (1.76 g/cm3). Furthermore, the synthesis of some other benzofuroxan derivatives, potentially interesting as high energy, density materials (HEDMs), has been carried out. The densities of the compounds obtained were calculated using ACD Labs software (version 4.0). Based on the results obtained, it could be concluded that 5,6-DNBF is one of the densest nitro derivatives of the benzofuroxan series, comparable to CL-14, CL-17, CL-18, and thus could have potential applications as an HEDM.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2012, 9, 4; 365-386
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contribution to the Synthesis of 4,10-Dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetraoxa-4,10-diazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,903,11]dodecane (TEX)
Autorzy:
Jalový, Z.
Matyáš, R.
Klasovitý, D.
Zeman, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358018.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
4,10-dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetraoxa-4,10-diazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,903,11]dodecane
TEX
1,4-diformyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxypiperazine
tertiary amines
insensitive explosives
Opis:
The influence of the reaction conditions on 4,10-dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetraoxa- 4,10-diazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,903,11]dodecane (TEX) yield was studied. TEX was prepared by the reaction of 1,4-diformyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxypiperazine with glyoxal in nitric acid. The influence of the acidity of reaction mixture and ratios of starting materials on the yield of TEX was examined and synthesis was optimised. The highest yield (37%) was obtained at 1,4-diformyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxypiperazine/nitric acid molar ratio 67 and sulfuric acid/nitric acid molar ratio around 0.15. Starting material 1,4-diformyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxypiperazine was prepared from formamide and glyoxal using triethylamine or other tertiary amines to adjust suitable basicity. The best yield (84%) of 1,4-diformyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxypiperazine was reached at molar ratio triethylamine/formamide equal to 0.1.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2010, 7, 3; 189-196
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Properties of the Gamma-Cyclodextrin/CL-20 System
Autorzy:
Maksimowski, P.
Rumianowski, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358219.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
CL-20/γ-CD complex preparation
properties of CL-20/γ-CD complex
cyclodextrin
2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane
CL-20
Opis:
Cyclodextrin (CD) is a cyclic compound with a spatial structure in the shape of a toroid. It is characterized by specific properties. The outer portion of the structure has hydrophilic properties, while the cavity of the toroid is hydrophobic. This enables cyclodextrin to form inclusion complexes with the enclosure of lipophilic molecules in the interior. This paper presents the results of attempts to form a complex of γ-CD/CL-20. This study determined unambiguously that a γ-CD with CL-20 complex in a mole ratio 1:1 is formed as a result of mixing of solutions of γ-CD and CL-20. This conclusion was corroborated by FTIR, 1H NMR, UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques and by measurement of the density of the complex obtained. The resulting complex of γ-CD/CL-20 is characterized by much lower sensitivity to friction and impact than CL-20 itself.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 1; 217-229
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Nanomaterials on Thermal Stability of 1,3,6,8-Tetranitro Carbazole
Autorzy:
Pourmortazavi, S. M.
Rahimi-Nasrabadi, M.
Rai, H.
Jabbarzadeh, Y.
Javidan, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358744.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
thermal stability
nanomaterial effect
decomposition kinetics
1,3,6,8-tetranitro carbazole
energetic material
Opis:
1,3,6,8-tetranitro carbazole (TNC) as a secondary explosive is used in composite explosive formulations in order to reduce the sensitivity and increase the stability of the explosive composites. In this work, the thermal stabilities of pure TNC and its nanocomposites prepared via three different nanoparticles were studied by thermal analysis, i.e. differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) techniques. Thermal analysis data revealed that the thermal behavior of pure TNC is significantly different from the nanocomposites studied. Pure TNC decomposed completely during a single step in the temperature range 385-425 °C. However, the addition of nanoparticles to the TNC powder leads to higher thermal stability in comparison with the pure TNC. The decomposition kinetics of TNC and its nanocomposites were studied by non-isothermal DSC at several heating rates. Thermokinetic and thermodynamic parameters corresponding to the thermal decomposition of pure TNC and nanocomposites were computed and compared. The results showed that the addition of nanoparticles to the TNC powder has a considerable effect on the thermal stability of the explosive.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 1; 201-216
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Coordination Compound [K(18-crown-6)][N(NO2)2]
Autorzy:
Lu, Zhimeng
Ren, Xiaoting
He, Jinxuan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27788036.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
low-frequency resonance technology
[K(18C6)][N(NO2)2]
coordination compound structure
Opis:
Low-frequency resonance technology is a promising technology for mixing or manufacturing energetic materials, and has been a hot topic in the field of material preparation. In this paper, we describe the first use of low-frequency resonance technology for the synthesis of new compounds and for performing innovative research. The coordination compound, [K(18-crown-6)][N(NO2)2] ([K(18C6)][N(NO2)2]), was first prepared by using a conventional slow solvent evaporation method over 10 days. The crystal structure of this compound was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SXD) and revealed that [K(18C6)][N(NO2)2] belongs to the monoclinic system, in which the space group is P21/c. The main intermolecular interactions in [K(18C6)][N(NO2)2] are the K–O coordination bonds and C–H...O hydrogen bonds. The crystallographic parameters are a = 8.5032(2) Å, b = 14.4060(4) Å, c = 8.1708(2) Å, β = 101.896(2), V = 979.40(4) Å3, Z = 2, ρ = 1.388 g·cm–3. The coordination compound [K(18C6)][N(NO2)2] was then prepared by low-frequency resonance technology in only 65 min. The results of X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that low-frequency resonance technology can successfully and efficiently prepare [K(18C6)] [N(NO2)2]. Compared to potassium dinitramide (KDN), [K(18C6)][N(NO2)2] has unique characteristics.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2021, 18, 2; 183--198
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Computational Characterization of a Potential Energetic Compound: 1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-2,4,6,8-tetraazacubane
Autorzy:
Politzer, P.
Lane, P.
Murray, J. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/357960.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
1,3,5,7-tetranitro-2,4,6,8-tetraazacubane
energetic performance
density
impact sensitivity
Opis:
The high densities and (strain-induced) enthalpies of formation of cage-type molecules have drawn attention to their polynitro derivatives as potential energetic materials. Several such compounds have been synthesized, including octanitrocubane and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane. One that has not yet been prepared but has evoked continuing interest is 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-2,4,6,8- tetraazacubane. Some years ago, on the basis of a very high estimated density (about 2.19 g/cm3), it was predicted to have detonation properties greatly superior to those of HMX. We have now used computational procedures developed since that time to reassess the expected detonation performance of this compound. We find: density, 1.940 g/cm3; solid phase enthalpy of formation at 298 K, 757 cal/g; detonation velocity, 9.8 mm/µs; detonation pressure, 444 kbar; impact sensitivity, h50 ∼ 40 cm. These are all better than the corresponding values for HMX, but not by as much as had been estimated earlier.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2011, 8, 1; 39-52
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microstructure, Mechanical and Detonation Properties of Elastomeric Micro/Ultrafine-rubber Modified TNT-based Molten Energetic Composites
Autorzy:
Ma, Q.
Wang, P.-S.
Luo, G.
Wen, M.-P.
Gao, D.-Y.
Zheng, B.-H.
Shu, Y.-J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358122.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
micro and ultrafine rubber
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene
molten energetic composites
mechanical properties
detonation performance
Opis:
Elastomeric micro- and ultrafine-rubber are first considered as binders in melt-cast explosives for improving the mechanical properties. Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), in ultrafine fully vulcanized form (UF-NBR), carboxylated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (CNBR), in ultrafine fully vulcanized form (UF-CNBR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), in ultrafine fully vulcanized form (UF-SBR), carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber (CSBR), in ultrafine fully vulcanized form (UF-CSBR), acrylic rubber (ACM), in ultrafine fully vulcanized form (UF-ACM), room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV), in ultrafine fully vulcanized form (UF-RTV) and polytetrafluoroethene (PTFE) in micro-rubber form (PTFE-M) were utilized for modifying 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) based melt-cast explosives. Based on their dispersity in TNT and RDX slurry, only UF-NBR, UF-CNBR and PTFE-M can be used. In the modification experiment, their influence on the mechanical and detonation performance of the matrixes were studied, as well as the impact sensitivity. Compared with PTFE-M and UF-CNBR, UF-NBR improved the tensile and compressive strength of the original formulation CYCLOTOL-65/35. The toughening mechanism was also explained through interfacial interactions and fracture energy analysis. The predicted detonation properties of the modified formulations (detonation pressure variations from 26 to 28 GPa, detonation velocity variations from 7900 to 8100 m/s) are at the same energy level as CYCLOTOL-65/35. In addition, the drop hammer impact testing results confirm that the formulation containing UF-NBR is more sensitive than the one with UF-CNBR, with the same amount of additive.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2015, 12, 4; 723-743
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 16

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