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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 23
Tytuł:
Less Sensitive Transition Metal Salts of the 5-Nitrotetrazolate Anion
Autorzy:
Klapötke, T. M.
Sabaté, C. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358686.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
transition metals (Ag, Cu)
5-nitrotetrazolate anion
primary explosives
initial safety testing
Opis:
Transition metal (silver and copper) salts of the 5-nitrotetrazolate (NT) anion (1 and 2) have been synthesized and characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods. Standard BAM tests revealed extremely high sensitivity values for these compounds. The combination with the ethylenediamine ligand in salts 3 and 4 decreases the sensitivities in comparison to salts 1 and 2 making for much less hazardous handling and rendering the synthesis of NT salts more accessible for up-scaling. Additionally, a copper ammonia adduct of the NT anion (5) was synthesized, which shows the particularity of being able to be initiated by a laser beam, thus, decreasing the risk of accidental initiation, which often accompanies the use of primary explosives.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2010, 7, 2; 161-173
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Improved Synthesis of Glycidyl Nitrate in the Presence of 5-Aminotetrazolium Nitrate: a New Method Optimised Using the Taguchi Method
Autorzy:
Bayat, Y.
Mohammadi, M. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358882.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
glycidyl nitrate
5-aminotetrazolium nitrate
chloro-epoxy-propane
Taguchi method
Opis:
This paper describes a method for increasing the yield of glycidyl nitrate from chloro-epoxypropane and dilute nitric acid, in the presence of 5-aminotetrazolium nitrate. The presence of 5-aminotetrazolium nitrate as catalyst and co-nitrating agent, enabled glycidyl nitrate to be produced smoothly and in excellent yield under mild condition. The optimal reaction conditions were obtained by the Taguchi method, increasing the yield from 66 to 81%. The product was characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 3; 579-591
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New Synthetic Methods for 4,4’,5,5’-Tetranitro-2,2’-bi- 1H-imidazole (TNBI)
Autorzy:
Szala, M.
Lewczuk, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358154.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
tetranitrobiimidazole
nitration
synthesis
explosive properties
Opis:
Four new nitration methods for the synthesis of 4,4’,5,5’-tetranitro-2,2’- bi-1H-imidazole (TNBI) were examined. TNBI was synthesized by nitration of 2,2’-bi-imidazole (BI) with the following mixtures: (CH3CO)2O/HNO3, (CF3CO)2O/ HNO3, P4O10/HNO3 and H3PO4/P4O10/HNO3. Nitration of BI with a mixture of nitric acid and acetic anhydride leads to 4,4’-dinitro-bi-imidazole. The other nitrating conditions investigated gave TNBI in lower yields (6.0-22.4%). Crystallization of crude TNBI from wet ethanol/acetone gave TNBI as its dihydrate. The structures of BI and TNBI were characterized by 1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Friction and impact sensitivity, detonability and detonation velocity were determined for pure TNBI dihydrate.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2015, 12, 2; 261-270
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Explosive Properties of 4,4’,5,5’-Tetranitro-2,2’-bi-1H-imidazole Dihydrate
Autorzy:
Lewczuk, R.
Szala, M.
Rećko, J.
Cudziło, S.
Klapötke, T. M.
Trzciński, W. A.
Szymańczyk, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358061.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
TNBI dihydrate
NTO
explosives
detonation properties
thermal analysis
Opis:
This paper reports measured explosive properties of 4,4’,5,5’-tetranitro-2,2’-bi-1H-imidazole dihydrate (TNBI•2H2O). Non-isothermal kinetics analysis, calorimetric measurements, detonability tests, small-scale shock reactivity tests (SSRT), detonation velocity measurements and cylinder tests were performed. The results of the cylinder tests were used to determine the acceleration ability of TNBI•2H2O. Some experiments were conducted also with TNT, NTO, FOX-7 and RDX. Our experimental studies have shown that TNBI•2H2O is a thermodynamically stable compound, surpassing TNT with regard to its energetic and detonation parameters. The results of the SSRT indicate that this material has better performance in small charges than RDX, FOX-7 and NTO.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 3; 612-626
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
5,5'-Dinitrimino-3,3'-methylene-1H-1,2,4-bistriazole - a Metal Free Primary Explosive Combining Excellent Thermal Stability and High Performance
Autorzy:
Dippold, A. A.
Feller, M.
Klapötke, T. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358456.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
energetic materials
triazoles
detonation parameter
sensitivities
Opis:
The synthesis of 5,5´-dinitrimino-3,3'-methylene-1H-1,2,4-triazole (1) and selected nitrogen rich salts are presented. All compounds were fully characterized in terms of sensitivity and energetic properties. Besides a chemical characterization including multinuclear magnetic resonance study (1H, 13C, 14N) and vibrational analysis (IR, Raman), X-Ray diffraction was performed. Thermal stability was determined using differential scanning calorimetry. Detonation parameters were calculated using the EXPLO5.4 code based on CBS-4M computed heats of formation. The presented compound 5,5´-dinitrimino-3,3´-methylene- 1H-1,2,4-bistriazole shows excellent thermal stabilities in combination with high sensitivities and therefore is of interest for possible applications as metal free primary.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2011, 8, 4; 261-278
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Increasing the Efficiency of the Production of 1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX)
Autorzy:
Afzali, A.
Esmaeilpour, K.
Damiri, S.
Hadi, Z.
Keshavarz, M. H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358873.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
design of experiment
efficiency, production capacity 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane 3,7-dinitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane
Opis:
This work introduces a suitable method for the optimization of selective synthesis of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX), as one of the most well-known high explosives, from the aspects of production capacity and efficiency, by nitration of 3,7-dinitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane (DPT). The effective factors in the productive capacity of HMX and the synthesis of a product from raw DPT with high capacity, purity, and efficiency have been identified. The required qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed for the identification and confirmation of the product quality. In order to optimize the process of increasing the capacity of HMX production and evaluation of the effects of different factors on the production capacity, a series of experiments were designed and performed by using central composite design (CCD). Practical studies and statistical analyses showed good conformity between the model presented and the actual results, allowing the selective production of HMX with an efficiency of greater than 70% and a high production capacity.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 4; 845-858
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Highly Energetic Salts of 3,6-Bishydrazino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine
Autorzy:
Klapötke, T. M.
Preimesser, A.
Schedlbauer, S.
Stierstorfer, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358026.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
1,2,4,5-tetrazine
energetic materials
explosives
sensitivities
crystal structures
Opis:
3,6-Bishydrazino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine was synthesized as described by hydrazinolysis of 3,6-bis-(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine. Doubly protonated 1:1 and 1:2 salts of the highly energetic anions were synthesized. These are bishydrazinium-tetrazine dichloride dihydrate (1:2) (BHT-2HCl•2H2O) (2), bishydrazinium-tetrazine (5,5´-azotetrazolate) dihydrate (1:1) (BHT-ATz•2H2O) (3), bishydrazinium-tetrazine bis (3,5-dinitrotriazolate) dihydrate (1:2) (BHT(DNT)2•2H2O) (4), bishydrazinium-tetrazine bis (5-nitrotetrazolate) (1:2) (BHT(NT)2) (5), bishydrazinium-tetrazine (5,5´-bistetrazolate) dihydrate (1:1) (BHTBT•2H2O) (6), bishydrazinium-tetrazine bistetrazolylamine (1:1) (BHT-BTA) (7), bishydrazinium-tetrazine bis (3-amino-5-nitrotriazolate) (1:2) (BHT-(ANTA)2) (8) and bishydrazinium-tetrazine 4,4´,5,5´-tetranitro-2,2´-bisimidazolate (1:1) (9). Compounds 2-6 could be characterized by low temperature X-ray diffraction. All of the compounds were suffciently analyzed by 1H and {1H}13C and 14N NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis (CHN), mass spectroscopy (FAB)) and vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman). The detonation parameters of the most promising candidates 5 and 9 in terms of energetic applications were calculated using the EXPLO5 V5.05 computer code. The energies of formation were calculated using CBS-4M electronic enthalpies and the atomization method. Furthermore, since all of the compounds are energetic materials, sensitivity tests towards impact (IS), friction (FS) and electrostatical discharge (ESD) were carried out. In addition their thermal stabilities were determined using a differential scanning calorimeter with a heating rate of 5 °C min-1.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2013, 10, 2; 151-170
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A New Thermally-stable Insensitive High Explosive:N,N′-Bis(1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-4,4′-diamino-2,2′,3,3′,5,5′,6,6′-octanitroazobenzene (BTeDAONAB)
Autorzy:
Mousavi, S.
Esmaeilpour, K.
Keshavarz, M. H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951499.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
synthesis
BTeDAONAB
sensitivity
thermal stability
high explosive
Opis:
A novel high performance explosive compound, N,N′-bis(1,2,3,4-tetrazol5-yl)-4,4′-diamino-2,2′,3,3′,5,5′,6,6′-octanitroazobenzene( BTeDAONAB), is introduced which is a thermally stable, insensitive high explosive. The presence of −NH2, −N=N− groups and the tetrazole ring simultaneously in the BTeDAONAB unit surprisingly increases its thermal stability. For the identification and characterization of BTeDAONAB, different analytical techniques have been used, including melting point, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The sensitivity and detonation properties of BTeDAONAB were compared with 2,4,6-triamino1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TATB) and N,N′-bis(1,2,4-triazol-3-yl-)-4,4′-diamino2,2′,3,3′,5,5′,6,6′-octanitroazobenzene (BTDAONAB), two well-known, thermally stable, insensitive high explosives, as well as hexanitrostilbene (HNS). These studies show that BTeDAONAB has favorable thermal stability with high performance.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2013, 10, 4; 455-465
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
5-Aminotetrazoles and Silver-based Primary Explosives
Autorzy:
Delalu, H.
Karaghiosoff, K.
Klapötke, T. M.
Miró Sabaté, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358016.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
silver
nitrogen-heterocycles
primary explosives
BAM tests
Opis:
Several silver nitrate and perchlorate salts with 5-aminotetrazole-based ligands have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, IR, Raman and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. In addition, several of the new compounds were characterized by X-ray structure analysis. The energetic properties of the materials were assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis in combination with standard impact and friction BAM tests. The compounds synthesized have good thermal stabilities above 225 C and in some instances the high sensitivities of the materials towards impact and friction make them fall under the category of primary explosives. Some of the compounds might present prospective use in initiation devices for civil and military applications.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2010, 7, 3; 197-216
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An Improved Safe Method for the Synthesis of Ammonium 5-Nitrotetrazolate (ANT), a Key Intermediate for the Synthesis of Green Energetic Materials (GEMs)
Autorzy:
Marimuthu, A.
Talawar, M. B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358211.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
ammonium 5-nitrotetrazolate
harmless synthetic method
less effluent
green energetic materials
characterization
Opis:
Ammonium 5-nitrotetrazolate (ANT) is an important precursor for the synthesis of green energetic materials (GEMs), including lead/mercury-free environmentally benign primary explosives. The currently employed methods for the synthesis of ANT are hazardous, use an excess of organic solvents/reagents and thus generate effluent. Furthermore, these methods offer low yields of ANT as they involve multistep processes. We describe herein an improved, safe and convenient method for the synthesis of ANT, which greatly improves the process safety and product yield. The advantage of this method is that it avoids hazardous operations, such as the isolation and handling of acidic copper(II) nitrotetrazolate, an extremely sensitive explosive intermediate during the preparation of ANT. In our procedure, 5-aminotetrazole (5-AT) is diazotized with sodium nitrite and nitric acid in the presence of a copper salt. The sensitive copper acid salt thus formed from the reaction mixture is treated in situ with aqueous barium hydroxide to convert it to barium 5-nitrotetrazolate and insoluble copper oxide. Finally, the aqueous barium 5-nitro-1H-tetrazolate (BaNT) is treated with ammonium sulfate to yield ammonium 5-nitrotetrazolate (ANT) in good yield. The synthesized ANT was characterized by its physicochemical properties using spectral and thermal techniques. The purity of the ANT was measured by HPLC and ion chromatography (IC). Furthermore, the structure of ANT was confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 4; 861-875
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Surface Coating of Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) Crystals with the Insensitive High Explosive 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB)
Autorzy:
Nandi, A. K.
Ghosh, M.
Sutar, V. B.
Pandey, R. K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358361.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
surface coating
cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine
1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene
1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene
scanning electron microscope
Opis:
A method to crystallize the thermally stable, insensitive high explosive, 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) onto the surface of another high explosive cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) crystal is described. Amination of 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TCTNB) in toluene produces TATB which is precipitated by a reactive crystallization process. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of HMX, TATB crystals are found to be deposited onto the HMX crystal surface. This phenomenon was utilized to obtain in situ surface coating of HMX crystals with TATB. Both the conventional amination and the sonochemical amination methods, using dry ammonia (NH3) gas and ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH) respectively as the aminating agents, were studied. The coated materials were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA) and sensitivity tests. The results were compared with those of the virgin materials. Sonochemical amination provided a uniform coating of the HMX crystals. Coated HMX has shown substantial friction insensitivity gain as compared to uncoated HMX. However there is a drop in impact insensitivity in the coated materials.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2012, 9, 2; 119-130
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Preparation and Characterization of 1-(5-Azido-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)tetrazole
Autorzy:
Izsák, D.
Klapötke, T. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358367.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
energetic materials
heterocycles
triazoles
tetrazoles
azides
Opis:
This study presents the preparation of 1-(5-azido-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3yl)tetrazole (5) from commercially available chemicals in a five step synthesis. The energetic title compound was comprehensively characterized by various means, including vibrational (IR, Raman) and multinuclear (1H, 13C, 14N, 15N) NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry. The sensitivities towards various outer stimuli (impact, friction) were determined according to BAM standards. The enthalpy of formation was calculated at the CBS-4M level of theory.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2015, 12, 3; 403-416
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hydrazinium 5-Aminotetrazolate: an Insensitive Energetic Material Containing 83.72% Nitrogen
Autorzy:
Fischer, N.
Klapötke, T. M.
Scheutzow, S.
Stierstorfer, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358539.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
hydrazines
tetrazoles
crystal structure
energetic materials
sensitivities
Opis:
Hydrazinium 5-aminotetrazolate (2) was synthesized via two facile routes. Both the reaction of 5-amino-1H-tetrazole (1) with hydrazine hydrate in aqueous solution and the reaction of 1 with diluted hydrazine solution in THF yield 2 in excellent purities and yields. 2 was characterized comprehensively by X-ray diffraction, IR, Raman and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The heat of formation was calculated (CMS-4M) using the atomization method to be 373 kJ mol-1. With this value and the X-ray density several detonation parameter (heats of explosion, detonation pressure, detonation velocity, explosion temperature) were calculated with the EXPLO5 computer software. An incredible high value (9516 m s-1) was obtained for the detonation velocity. Therefore experimentally tests to determine the velocity of detonation were performed. In addition the use of 2 in solid propellant compositions was calculated and tested in combination with oxidizers, e.g. ammonium dinitramide. Lastly the sensitivities towards impact, friction and electrostatic discharge were determined with the BAM drophammer, friction tester and an ESD machine.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2008, 5, 3-4; 3-18
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Adding 5-Aminotetrazole to a Modified U.S. ArmyTerephthalic Acid White Smoke Composition
Autorzy:
Glück, J.
Klapötke, T. M.
Shaw, A. P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358880.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
obscurants
smokes
battlefield
smoke grenade
Opis:
Military visible obscuration compositions (obscurants, smokes) play an important role on today’s battlefield. For many years, the known toxicity or ageing problems of established formulations were commonly accepted since there was a lack of alternatives. Since the U.S. Army stopped producing the AN-M8 hexachloroethane (HC) smoke grenade, the M83 terephthalic acid (TA) smoke grenade has been used in its place. This cool-burning, less toxic, but also low efficiency white smoke formulation cannot compete with HC-based formulations in terms of obscuration performance. In this context, we have explored the use of 5-aminotetrazole (5-AT) as an additive and fuel in the known TA system. Remarkably, it has been found that sugar is not necessarily required in the formulations, which has implications for the future improvement of sublimation-condensation smoke compositions, including coloured smoke compositions. In small-scale tests, it was found that replacing sucrose with 5-AT in the formulations resulted in significantly improved smoke persistence.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 3; 489-500
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental Study on the Heat Resistant Explosive 5,5’-Bis(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-2,2’-bi(1,3,4-oxadiazole) (TKX-55): the Jet Penetration Capability and Underwater Explosion Performance
Autorzy:
Klapötke, T. M.
Witkowski, T. G.
Wilk, Z.
Hadzik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951486.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
thermally stable explosive
TKX-55
shaped charge
underwater detonation
Opis:
Ongoing research to find new explosives which are stable at high temperatures focuses on compounds which comply with the strict requirements which must be fulfilled in order for a compound to be of use in deep oil-well and gas drilling applications. Great efforts have been focused on the development of new, thermally stable explosives which are stable at even higher temperatures than hexanitrostilbene, and which also show superior performance. In the group of recently synthesized thermally stable explosives, 5,5’-bis(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-2,2’-bi(1,3,4-oxadiazole) (TKX-55) is one of the most promising prospective candidates for use in practical applications, due to its physicochemical properties as well as its convenient synthesis. Therefore, further investigation into the performance of TKX-55 in shaped charge applications was undertaken. This study was focused on the investigation of the jet penetration capability of conical shaped charges filled with TKX-55, in comparison with recently used other explosives. The kinetic energy of the jet depends on the brisance of the explosive which is used. In order to experimentally investigate the shattering effect of TKX-55, the Underwater Explosion Test was applied. Based on the collected data, the total energy, as the sum of the primary shock wave energy (the brisance) and the bubble gas energy (the heaving effect), was calculated.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 4; 821-837
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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