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Tytuł:
The digital function filters – algorithms and applications
Autorzy:
Siwczyński, M.
Drwal, A.
Żaba, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/199949.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
digital function filters
digital irrational filters
analysis and synthesis irrational filters
recursive algorithms of function filters
Opis:
The simple digital filters are not sufficient for digital modeling of systems with distributed parameters. It is necessary to apply more complex digital filters. In this work, a set of filters, called the digital function filters, is proposed. It consists of digital filters, which are obtained from causal and stable filters through some function transformation. In this paper, for several basic functions: exponential, logarithm, square root and the real power of input filter, the recursive algorithms of the digital function filters have been determined The digital function filters of exponential type can be obtained from direct recursive formulas. Whereas, the other function filters, such as the logarithm, the square root and the real power, require using the implicit recursive formulas. Some applications of the digital function filters for the analysis and synthesis of systems with lumped and distributed parameters (a long line, phase shifters, infinite ladder circuits) are given as well.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2013, 61, 2; 371-377
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The realisation of selected signal processing functions by means of stack filters
Autorzy:
Kuś, Z.
Nawrat, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200003.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
stack filters
median
opening opetarions
closing operations
mediana
operacje otwierania
operacja zamykania
Opis:
The goal of the paper was to shorten the calculation time by realising all used signal processing algorithms in the form of stack filters. The architecture of these filters allows us to process signals using the advantages of hardware processing and simultaneous signal processing. This paper elaborated on the synthesis of stack filters which realise median, averaging, opening and closing operations. The novel achievement was to develop the binary box method which allows us to obtain stack filters for more complex algorithms. This method consists of two stages and requires that we construct a spatial structure of the data. This structure allows us to examine the stacking property in two steps. Obtained in this way architecture of the function is predisposed to VLSI implementation. The authors devised this method transforming the averaging filter into stack filter; however, the invented binary box method allows us to synthesise stack filter which realises more complex signal processing algorithms. The only assumption which limits the class of acceptable algorithms is the fact that the algorithm has to satisfy the stacking property at each stage of the signal processing. The proposed approach allows us to convert well-known signal processing algorithms into realisation which guarantees significantly greater speeds of signal processing.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2018, 66, 2; 193-208
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Technique to improve CMRR at high frequencies in CMOS OTA-C filters
Autorzy:
Blakiewicz, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200504.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
common-mode rejection ratio
CMRR
CMOS
OTA
differential pair
OTA-C filters
component mismatch
Opis:
In this paper a technique to improve the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) at high frequencies in the OTA-C filters is proposed. The technique is applicable to most OTA-C filters using CMOS operational transconductance amplifiers (OTA) based on differential pairs. The presented analysis shows that a significant broadening of CMRR bandwidth can be achieved by using a differential pair with the bodies of transistors connected to AC ground, instead of using a pair with the bodies connected to the sources. The key advantages of the technique are: no increase in power consumption (except for an optional tuning circuit), a small increase of a chip area, a slight modification of the original filter. The simulation results for exemplary OTAs and a low-pass filter, designed in a 0.35 μm CMOS process, show the possibility of broadening the CMRR bandwidth several times.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2013, 61, 3; 697-703
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimum allocation of active power filters in large supply systems
Autorzy:
Maciążek, M.
Pasko, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200488.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
optimal allocation
active power filters
large supply systems
optymalna alokacja
duże systemy zaopatrzenia
aktywne filtry zasilające
Opis:
Problems concerning electrical power quality and especially estimation of costs required for reduction of higher harmonics in power network voltage and current time waveforms have been considered in the paper. The application of active power filters to reduction of higher harmonics has been analysed taking into account, in particular, the necessary investment costs. Two goal functions have been used to solve the underlying optimization problem - the first one that enables direct cost minimization and the second one based on the cost-effectiveness approach used by economists. Such approach is substantially different from solutions proposed by other authors who concentrate rather on theoretical issues and do not take into consideration the economical market-based reality. In the paper, theoretical analysis has been followed by an example of optimal allocation of active power filters in a large supply system.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2016, 64, 1; 37-44
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of evolutionary algorithm to design minimal phase digital filters with non-standard amplitude characteristics and finite bit word length
Autorzy:
Słowik, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/202324.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
artificial intelligence
evolutionary algorithms
digital filters
minimal phase
finite bits word length
Opis:
In this paper an application of evolutionary algorithm to design minimal phase digital filters with non-standard amplitude characteristics and with finite bit word length is presented. Four digital filters with infinite impulse response were designed using the proposed method. These digital filters possess: linearly falling characteristics, linearly growing characteristics, nonlinearly falling characteristics, and nonlinearly growing characteristics, and they are designed using bit words with an assumed length. This bit word length is connected with a processing register size. This register size depends on hardware possibilities where digital filter is to be implemented. In this paper, a modification of the mutation operator is introduced too. Due to this modification, better results were obtained in relation to the results obtained using the evolutionary algorithm with other mutation operators. The digital filters designed using the proposed method can be directly implemented in the hardware (DSP system) without any additional modifications.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2011, 59, 2; 125-135
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unscented and extended Kalman filters study for sensorless control of PM synchronous motors with load torque estimation
Autorzy:
Zawirski, K.
Janiszewski, D.
Muszynski, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200273.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Kalman filters
control system synthesis
machine vector control
sensorless drives
velocity control
permanent magnet synchronous motor
Opis:
This paper describes a study and the experimental verification of sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motors using Kalman filters. There are proposed two structures, extended and unscented Kalman filters, which use only the measurement of the motor current for on-line estimation of speed, rotor position and load torque reconstruction. The Kalman filter is an optimal state estimator and is usually applied to a dynamic system that involves a random noise environment. These structures are described in detail, starting with the selection of the variables state vector, the filters structure, and ending with in-depth laboratory tests. It has become possible, without using position and torque sensors, to apply these control structures as a cost-effective solution. Experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed estimation techniques.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2013, 61, 4; 793-801
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimation of the angular position of a two–wheeled balancing robot using a real IMU with selected filters
Autorzy:
Laddach, Krzysztof
Łangowski, Rafał
Zubowicz, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173655.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
estimation
filters
measurement filtration
measurement system
two-wheeled balancing robot
oszacowanie
filtr
pomiar filtracji
system miar
robot dwukołowy balansujący
Opis:
A low–cost measurement system using filtering of measurements for two–wheeled balancing robot stabilisation purposes has been addressed in this paper. In particular, a measurement system based on gyroscope, accelerometer, and encoder has been considered. The measurements have been corrected for deterministic disturbances and then filtered with Kalman, a–b type, and complementary filters. A quantitative assessment of selected filters has been given. As a result, the complete structure of a measurement system has been obtained. The performance of the proposed measurement system has been validated experimentally by using a dedicated research rig.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2022, 70, 2; art. no. e140518
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Active power filters – optimization of sizing and placement
Autorzy:
Maciążek, M.
Grabowski, D.
Pasko, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200825.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
power quality
active power filter
harmonics
optimization
Opis:
The significant problem of compensator placement and sizing in electrical networks has been analyzed in the paper. The compensation is usually realized by means of passive or active power filters. The former solution is widely used mainly because of the economical reasons, but the latter one becomes more and more popular as the number of nonlinear loads increases. Regardless of the compensator type the most important goal consists in voltage and current distortion drop below levels imposed by standards. Nevertheless, the desired effects should be achieved with the minimum cost. So far a few objective functions have been proposed for this optimization problem. It is claimed that minimization of the compensator currents leads also to the minimum costs. This paper shows that such simplified approach could lead to suboptimal solutions and in fact a function g(·) reflecting the relation between the compensator size and its price must be incorporated into objective functions. Moreover, in this case it is very easy to compare solutions obtained using compensators offered by different suppliers - it is enough to change the function g(·). Theoretical considerations have been illustrated by an example of active power filter allocation and sizing.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2013, 61, 4; 847-853
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Active-controlled two-terminal network implementing a convolution-type immittance operator
Autorzy:
Siwczyński, M.
Jaraczewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/201885.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
immittance operators
convolution
control
digital filters
Opis:
Commonly known DC-AC switching converters are commonly used in compensator branches. One example of this is a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). It consists of a voltage source converter (VSC) and acts as an inverter with a capacitor as a DC power source. These compensators use the PWM switching scheme or space vector modulation (SVM) method. Both methods require the desired signal to be generated. In some cases, as during the synthesis of self-excited systems or active energy-compensators, it is necessary to perform the desired branch immittance, e.g. negative capacitance, inductance, resistance or irrational impedance. In such cases, it is necessary to control the universal branch on the basis of a formula. This article presents the implementation method for the convolutional type impedance operators.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2020, 68, 5; 1107-1111
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reactive compensator synthesis in time-domain
Autorzy:
Siwczyński, M.
Jaraczewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/201083.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
power and energy theory
reactive power filters
reactive current
optimization
harmonic filter design
Opis:
The source reactive-current compensation is crucial in the energy transmission efficiency. The compensator design in a frequencydomain has already been widely discussed and examined. This paper presents results of a study on how to design reactive compensators in a time-domain. It is the first time the reactive compensator has been designed in a time domain. The example of a compensator is presented.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2012, 60, 1; 119-124
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A robust 18-pulse diode rectifier with coupled reactors
Autorzy:
Mysiak, P.
Strzelecki, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200065.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
series active power filters
multi-pulse rectifiers
coupled reactors
power conditioning
Opis:
The article presents the principle of operation and selected results of simulation and laboratory tests of the 18-pulse rectifier system with coupled reactors and small series active power filter. The presented system makes it possible to reduce, especially in distribution supply networks, undesired higher current harmonics. The 18-pulse nature of operation of the rectifier is reached using a set of coupled three-phase network reactors (CDT and CTR). The simultaneous use of the coupled reactors and the small active power filter provides opportunities for reduction of the supply current distortion, especially in case of voltage harmonic distortion and voltage unbalance.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2011, 59, 4; 541-550
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The binary algorithm of cascade connection of nonlinear digital filters described in functional series
Autorzy:
Siwczyński, M.
Żaba, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/199880.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
functional series
operators
cascade connection
binary algorithms
Opis:
The article presents an example of the use of functional series for the analysis of nonlinear systems for discrete time signals. The homogeneous operator is defined and it is decomposed into three component operators: the multiplying operator, the convolution operator and the alignment operator. An important case from a practical point of view is considered – a cascade connection of two polynomial systems. A new, binary algorithm for determining the sequence of complex kernels of cascade from two sequences of kernels of component systems is presented. Due to its simplicity, it can be used during iterative processes in the analysis of nonlinear systems (e.g. feedback systems).
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2019, 67, 5; 963-968
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New discrete reactive power factor definition of the two-terminal network
Autorzy:
Siwczyński, M.
Jaraczewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200442.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
operators
digital filters
reactive power
operatorzy
filtry cyfrowe
reaktywna moc
Opis:
This paper describes a new method of determining the reactive power factor. The reactive power factor herein is calculated on the basis of time samples and not] with the Fourier transform of signals, like it was done previously. The new reactive power factor calculation results from the receiver admittance-operator decomposition into the product of self-adjoint and unitary operators. This is an alternative decomposition to another one, namely into a sum of the Hermitian and skew-Hemiitian operators.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2017, 65, 3; 369-373
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optimized fractional low and highpass filters of (1 + α) order on FPAA
Autorzy:
Singh, N.
Mehta, U.
Kothari, K.
Cirrincione, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200342.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
fractional-order filter
FPAA
realization
robustness
bilevel optimization
Opis:
This work proposes an optimum design and implementation of fractional-order Butterworth filter of order (1 + α), with the help of analog reconfigurable field-programmable analog array (FPAA). The designed filter coefficients are obtained after dual constraint optimization to balance the tradeoffs between magnitude error and stability margin together. The resulting filter ensures better robustness with less sensitivity to parameter variation and minimum least square error (LSE) in magnitude responses, passband and stopband errors as well as a better –3 dB normalized frequency approximation at 1 rad/s and a stability margin. Finally, experimental results have shown both lowpass and highpass fractional step values. The FPAA-configured outputs represent the possibility to implement the real-time fractional filter behavior with close approximation to the theoretical design.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2020, 68, 3; 635-644
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimation of filter order for prescribed, reduced group delay FIR filter design
Autorzy:
Konopacki, J.
Mościńska, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/199999.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
digital filters
FIR filter design
filter order estimation
filtry cyfrowe
projekt filtru FIR
filtr FIR
Opis:
FIR filters are often applied, as they possess many advantages, including linear-phase response and well elaborated design methods. However, group delay introduced by FIR filters is usually large. The reduction of group delay can be obtained by restriction of the linear phase requirement only to the passband. One of the problems that appear while designing FIR filters with a prescribed value of group delay is the choice of the filter order. In the paper a formula for filter order calculation for the given filter parameters and dedicated for equiripple or quasi-equiripple approximation of the magnitude response has been derived based on experiments. Numerous examples that explain how to use the derived formula have been included.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2015, 63, 1; 209--216
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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