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Tytuł:
Looking for a new source of natural proppants in Poland
Autorzy:
Knez, D.
Calicki, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200695.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
proppant
mechanical properties
hydraulic fracturing
właściwości mechaniczne
szczelinowanie hydrauliczne
Opis:
The importance of proppants is significant, because their properties affect hydraulic fracturing treatment effectiveness. Quartz sands are often used as propping agents. Due to their good properties and low price, they are still more likely to be used than, for example, modern ceramic proppants. Procedures of determination of each parameter are specified in ISO 13503‒2:2010, and according to them, quartz sands from 4 Polish deposits, located in different areas of the country were tested. All results were compared with parameters of the Belgian sand (model sand), which is usually used during fracturing treatments in our region. The most important factor, which determines whether a kind of sand is useful as a hydraulic fracturing proppant, is its crush resistance. The tested sands are mostly low class because of their limited strength. There is only one type of sand from Bukowno deposit which has similar crush rate, sphericity, roundness and bulk density to the accepted model. Acid solubility and turbidity is higher than exemplary, but in acceptable range. Bukowno deposit could be a likely resource of proppants for domestic petroleum industry.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2018, 66, 1; 3-8
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The implicit numerical method for the one-dimensional anomalous subdiffusion equation with a nonlinear source term
Autorzy:
Błasik, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086846.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
fractional derivative
fractional integral
integro-differential equations
numerical method
finite difference method
pochodna ułamkowa
całkowanie ułamkowe
równanie całkowo-różniczkowe
metoda numeryczna
metoda elementów skończonych
Opis:
In the paper, the numerical method of solving the one-dimensional subdiffusion equation with the source term is presented. In the approach used, the key role is played by transforming of the partial differential equation into an equivalent integro-differential equation. As a result of the discretization of the integro-differential equation obtained an implicit numerical scheme which is the generalized Crank-Nicolson method. The implicit numerical schemes based on the finite difference method, such as the Carnk-Nicolson method or the Laasonen method, as a rule are unconditionally stable, which is their undoubted advantage. The discretization of the integro-differential equation is performed in two stages. First, the left-sided Riemann-Liouville integrals are approximated in such a way that the integrands are linear functions between successive grid nodes with respect to the time variable. This allows us to find the discrete values of the integral kernel of the left-sided Riemann-Liouville integral and assign them to the appropriate nodes. In the second step, second order derivative with respect to the spatial variable is approximated by the difference quotient. The obtained numerical scheme is verified on three examples for which closed analytical solutions are known.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 6; e138240, 1--9
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A novel source side power quality improved soft starting of three-phase induction motor using a symmetrical angle controller through pic microcontroller
Autorzy:
Selvaperumal, S.
Krishnamoorthy, N.
Prabhakar, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086849.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
soft starting of three phase induction motor
symmetrical angle controller
AC voltage controller
power quality improvement
rozruch trójfazowego silnika indukcyjnego
symetryczny kontroler kąta
kontroler napięcia prądu przemiennego
poprawa jakości energii elektrycznej
Opis:
PIC microcontroller has a vital role in various types of controllers and nowadays the presence of PIC microcontroller is unavoidable in most control applications. This paper describes the enhancement of soft starting of induction motors using PIC microcontroller. Soft starting is required for the induction motors with reduced applied voltages so that the peak starting current is reduced and the startup of the motor is smooth with controlled torque and reduced mechanical vibrations, reduced starting current with correspondingly reduced bus voltage drops. While many of the available schemes of soft starting offer better results in view of smooth starting process, the proposed methodology offers soft starting as well as it cares about the source current quality. In contrast to the conventional multistep starting scheme, in this work a continuously controlled starting scheme is proposed. The three phase AC voltage controller topology is used as the core controller. In each of the half cycles, instead of a single conduction period with a single delay angle, the proposed AC voltage controller is switched symmetrically in each half cycle with multiple pulses in each quarter cycle. Symmetrically placed fixed numbers of switching pulses are used. The paper also describes the various time ratio controls namely the phase angle controller, the extinction angle controller and the symmetrical angle controller. The design aspects of the proposed soft starting scheme and the validation of the proposed system in the MATLAB SIMULINK environment are presented in this paper.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 2; e136746, 1--12
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A novel source side power quality improved soft starting of three-phase induction motor using a symmetrical angle controller through pic microcontroller
Autorzy:
Selvaperumal, S.
Krishnamoorthy, N.
Prabhakar, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128138.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
soft starting of three phase induction motor
symmetrical angle controller
AC voltage controller
power quality improvement
rozruch trójfazowego silnika indukcyjnego
kontroler kąta symetryczny
kontroler napięcia prądu przemiennego
poprawa jakości energii elektrycznej
Opis:
PIC microcontroller has a vital role in various types of controllers and nowadays the presence of PIC microcontroller is unavoidable in most control applications. This paper describes the enhancement of soft starting of induction motors using PIC microcontroller. Soft starting is required for the induction motors with reduced applied voltages so that the peak starting current is reduced and the startup of the motor is smooth with controlled torque and reduced mechanical vibrations, reduced starting current with correspondingly reduced bus voltage drops. While many of the available schemes of soft starting offer better results in view of smooth starting process, the proposed methodology offers soft starting as well as it cares about the source current quality. In contrast to the conventional multistep starting scheme, in this work a continuously controlled starting scheme is proposed. The three phase AC voltage controller topology is used as the core controller. In each of the half cycles, instead of a single conduction period with a single delay angle, the proposed AC voltage controller is switched symmetrically in each half cycle with multiple pulses in each quarter cycle. Symmetrically placed fixed numbers of switching pulses are used. The paper also describes the various time ratio controls namely the phase angle controller, the extinction angle controller and the symmetrical angle controller. The design aspects of the proposed soft starting scheme and the validation of the proposed system in the MATLAB SIMULINK environment are presented in this paper.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 2; e136746, 1--12
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economic and environmental analysis of a hybrid solar, wind and pumped storage hydroelectric energy source: a Polish perspective
Autorzy:
Jurasz, J.
Mikulik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/202143.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
hybrid power source
mathematical modelling
variability
environmental impact
hybrydowe źródło energii
modelowanie matematyczne
zmienność
wpływ środowiska
Opis:
This paper introduces a mixed integer non-linear mathematical model for a simulation of a hybrid energy source consisting of photovoltaics (PV), wind turbines (WT) and pumped storage hydroelectricity (PSH). The concept of PV–WT–PSH has been well described and evaluated for sparsely populated or remote areas such as islands. Here, due to the rapid development of renewable energy sources and most importantly the variable (non-dispatchable) energy sources such as wind and solar, the idea of wind and solar powered PSHs has been investigated in the context of the national energy system. The economic and environmental impact of the proposed hybrid has been assessed. The results reveal that to cover almost 40% of the energy demand one should expect the energy cost to increase by 25%.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2017, 65, 6; 859-867
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Balancing reactive compensation at three-phase four-wire systems with a sinusoidal and asymmetrical voltage source
Autorzy:
Sołjan, Z.
Hołdyński, G.
Zajkowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200474.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
currents' physical components
power theory
asymmetrical voltage supply
balancing reactive compensation
Opis:
The article presents the essentials of reactance compensation of unbalanced loads in three-phase four-wire systems powered by a sinusoidal and asymmetrical voltage source. The whole of compensation and symmetrization is based on the Currents’ Physical Components (CPC) theory. Reactance compensation, i.e. compensation based solely on inductors and capacitors, in four-wire systems requires the device to be included in a star (Y) structure in order to compensate for the reactive current (reactive power) and the current at the neutral conductor caused by zero sequence asymmetry, and for the device in a delta (∆) structure to allow compensation of the reactive current (reactive power) and current, causing asymmetry of the negative sequence.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2020, 68, 1; 71-79
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A new closed-form formula for calculating a weakly singular static potential integral with linear current source distribution on a triangle
Autorzy:
Grytsko, Anna
Słobodzian, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2204516.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
static vector potential integral
linear current source distribution
analytic integration
isoparametric transformation
integration over a triangular domain
weakly singular integral
statyczna wektorowa całka potencjalna
liniowy rozkład źródła prądu
integracja analityczna
słabo osobliwe całki
transformacja izoparametryczna
integracja w domenie trójkątnej
Opis:
The article presents a closed-form formula for solving a weakly singular surface integral with a linear current source distribution associated with the SIE-MoM formulation used for solving electromagnetic (EM) problems. The analytical formula was obtained by transforming the surface integral over a triangular domain into a double integral, and then directly determining formulas for the inner and outer integrals. The solution obtained is marked by high computational efficiency, high accuracy, and very simple implementation. The derived formula, in contrast to the currently available formulas, consists of quantities that have a clear and simple geometric interpretation, related to the geometry of the computational domain.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2023, 71, 1; art. no. e143645
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Vacuum microdevices
Autorzy:
Grzebyk, T.
Górecka-Drzazga, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/201008.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
vacuum microsystems
miniature vacuum pump
field-emission electron source
MEMS
Opis:
In the paper MEMS-type microsystems working in vacuum conditions are described. All the benefits and drawbacks of vacuum generated in microcavities are discussed. Different methods are used to produce vacuum in microcavity of MEMS. Some bonding techniques, sacrificial layer method or getter materials are presented. It is concluded that the best solution would be to invent some kind of vacuum micropump integrated with MEMS structure. Few types of already existing vacuum micropumps are shown, but they are not able to generate high vacuum. As the most promising candidate for miniaturization an orbitron pump was selected. The working principle and novel concepts of its construction are described. The most important part of the micropump, used for gas ionization, is a field-emission electron source. Results of a research on a lateral electron source with gold emissive layer for integration with a micropump are presented.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2012, 60, 1; 19-23
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Solar photovoltaic interconnected ZSI-unified power quality conditioner to enhance power
Autorzy:
Raja, A.
Vijayakumar, M.
Karthikeyan, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173533.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Z-source inverter
photovoltaic
power quality
unified power quality conditioner
UPQC
total harmonic distortion
falownik typu Z
fotowoltaika
jakość energii
zunifikowany kondycjoner jakości energii
współczynnik zawartości harmonicznych
Opis:
In order to ensure that all the connected Equipment in the distribution network operates smoothly, the voltage stability of photovoltaic (PV) integrated distribution systems is very important. Sustaining the voltage profile when integrating PV is a particularly difficult issue. The primary goal of this article is to provide a consistent voltage profile to a sensitive load. A three-phase PV integrated distribution system has been chosen for investigation. An innovative feature of this system is that UPQC DVR and STATCOM systems are powered by Z-source inverters instead of traditional inverters. The ability to actively decouple power is the primary benefit of utilizing a Z-source inverter. The objective of the study effort is to use this new UPQC to synchronize a solar PV system with the distribution system. For the UPQC with battery energy storage system (BESS), the research study examines and develops the most appropriate control approach. A UPQC is a device that is used to integrate solar panels and improve the voltage stability of the distribution system. The prototype model is being developed, and the experimental findings confirm the main objective.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2022, 70, 1; e140015, 1--10
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fast and unique Tucker decompositions via multiway blind source separation
Autorzy:
Zhou, G.
Cichocki, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/201572.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Multiway Blind Source Separation (MBSS)
Multilinear Independent Component Analysis (MICA)
Constrained tensor decompositions
Tucker models
Nonnegative Tucker Decomposition (NTD)
Opis:
A multiway blind source separation (MBSS) method is developed to decompose large-scale tensor (multiway array) data. Benefitting from all kinds of well-established constrained low-rank matrix factorization methods, MBSS is quite flexible and able to extract unique and interpretable components with physical meaning. The multilinear structure of Tucker and the essential uniqueness of BSS methods allow MBSS to estimate each component matrix separately from an unfolding matrix in each mode. Consequently, alternating least squares (ALS) iterations, which are considered as the workhorse for tensor decompositions, can be avoided and various robust and efficient dimensionality reduction methods can be easily incorporated to pre-process the data, which makes MBSS extremely fast, especially for large-scale problems. Identification and uniqueness conditions are also discussed. Two practical issues dimensionality reduction and estimation of number of components are also addressed based on sparse and random fibers sampling. Extensive simulations confirmed the validity, flexibility, and high efficiency of the proposed method. We also demonstrated by simulations that the MBSS approach can successfully extract desired components while most existing algorithms may fail for ill-conditioned and large-scale problems.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2012, 60, 3; 389-405
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Field-emission light sources for lab-on-a-chip microdevices
Autorzy:
Górecka-Drzazga, A.
Cichy, B.
Szczepańska, P.
Walczak, R.
Dziuban, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/201010.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
lab-on-a-chip
field emission
light source
microcytometer
Opis:
Microfluidic devices called lab-on-a-chips utilize two kinds of characterization of a biosample, which are based on spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric methodologies. Lab-on-a-chips are equipped with an optical instrumentation and a software system that allow detecting of the optical signals and their processing into spectral characteristics. In the paper, technology of lab-on-a-chip (cytometer microdevice) and miniature silicon-glass field-emission light source (FELS) is described. Electrons emitted from a silicon cathode covered with carbon nanotubes excite light emission from nanocrystalline rare earth doped yttrium oxide phosphor (anode). The emitted light can be precisely tailored to the main absorption line of a fluorescent marker. The presented system has been successfully used for testing of the cow embryos as well as fluorescent-marked porcine oocytes.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2012, 60, 1; 13-17
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A switched reluctance motor control method limiting the maximum dc source current in the low-speed range
Autorzy:
Bogusz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/202443.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
switched reluctance motor
current control
electric vehicle
silnik
regulacja prądu
pojazd elektryczny
Opis:
This paper presents a proposal of a new control method of the switched reluctance motor (SRM) in the low-speed range. The proposed method limits the maximum value of SRM drive supply current. The application of this method results also in improvement of the drive efficiency compared to the classical current control method, so it can be applied to control switched reluctance motors designed to the electric vehicles drive. The method may be effective especially in congested traffic. Nowadays, the urban traffic is characterized by frequent occurrence of traffic jams in which cars move at low speeds. The sources of supply for electric vehicles are mainly electrochemical batteries. Reduction of the maximum value of supply current allows to extend the service life of batteries and improvement of the drive efficiency extends the vehicle range.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2016, 64, 1; 197-206
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A comparison of algorithms for separation of synchronous subspaces
Autorzy:
Almeida, M.
Bioucas-Dias, J.
Vigário, R.
Oja, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/201566.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
phase locking
synchrony
source separation
subspaces
Independent Component Analysis (ICA)
Independent Subspace Analysis (ISA)
magnetoencephalogram (MEG)
Opis:
Independent Subspace Analysis (ISA) consists in separating sets (subspaces) of dependent sources, with different sets being independent of each other. While a few algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem, they are all completely general in the sense that they do not make any assumptions on the intra-subspace dependency. In this paper, we address the ISA problem in the specific context of Separation of Synchronous Sources (SSS), i.e., we aim to solve the ISA problem when the intra-subspace dependency is known to be perfect phase synchrony between all sources in that subspace. We compare multiple algorithmic solutions for this problem, by analyzing their performance on an MEG-like dataset.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2012, 60, 3; 455-460
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fast-decision identification algorithm of emission source pattern in database
Autorzy:
Dudczyk, J.
Kawalec, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/199845.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Fast-decision Identification Algorithm
Specific Emitter Identification
Emitter Pattern
database
superheterodyne ELINT receiver
baza danych
superheterodynowy odbiornik ELINT
algorytm FdIA
Opis:
This article presents Fast-decision Identification Algorithm (FdIA) of Source Emission (SE) in DataBase (DB). The aim of this identification process is to define signal vector (V) in the form of distinctive features of this signal which is received in the process of its measurement. Superheterodyne ELectronic INTelligence (ELINT) receiver in the measure procedure was used. The next step in identification process is comparison vector with pattern in DB and calculation of decision function. The aim of decision function is to evaluate similarity degree between vector and pattern. Identification process mentioned above differentiates copies of radar of the same type which is a special test challenge defined as Specific Emitter Identification (SEI). The authors of this method drew up FdIA and three-stage parameterization by the implementation of three different ways of defining the degree of similarity between vector and pattern (called ’Compare procedure’). The algorithm was tested on hundreds of signal vectors coming from over a dozen copies of radars of the same type. Fast-decision Identification Algorithm which was drawn up and implemented makes it possible to create Knowledge Base which is an integral part of Expert DataBase. As a result, the amount of the ambiguity of decisions in the process of Source Emission Identification is minimized.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2015, 63, 2; 385-389
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A state-space approach for control of NPC type 3-level sine wave inverter used in FOC PMSM drive
Autorzy:
Tarczewski, T.
Grzesiak, L. M.
Wawrzak, A.
Karwowski, K.
Erwiński, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/200731.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
state feedback control
linear quadratic regulator
3-level neutral point clamped voltage source inverter
LC filter
Opis:
This paper presents the design and analysis process of state feedback controllers for NPC type 3-level sine wave inverter. In order to achieve good dynamic features in a state feedback control an internal model of reference input and a feedforward path are introduced. During synthesis process of the state feedback controllers maximum permissible dynamics of voltage control in the linear range of modulation is taken into account. It is shown that initially gains of the controller and feedforward path are non-stationary and depend on the angular velocity. Stationary approximation of a non-stationary state feedback controller is presented in details. Proposed state feedback control structures for continuous voltage shaping NPC type 3-level voltage source inverter are examined in FOC PMSM drive. The novelty of the presented controller lays in a stationary approximated state feedback control structure designed in terms of maximum permissible dynamics of a voltage control system. Simulation and experimental results (at the level of 3 kW) of the designed control algorithms are included.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2014, 62, 3; 439-448
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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