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Tytuł:
British and Austrian documents for the position of the Muslim population in Salonica and its surrounding area during the Balkan Wars
Autorzy:
Goseva, Vera
Kotlar-Traykova, Natasha
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909884.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Balkan wars
Macedonia
great powers
Muslims
Salonica
Opis:
In the article we shall study the position of the second largest community in the city of Salonica – the Muslim community – during the Balkan Wars (1912-1913), using British and Austrian documents. We can conclude that the Balkan Wars satisfied the ambitions of the Balkan states’ nationalist circles which, of course, had the politics of the Great Powers behind them. That such of the case was obvious at both conferences that took place in London at the same time – the Conference of the Ambassadors of the Great Powers and the Peace Conference of the Balkan states engaged in war. 80 years after these wars, a new war threatened the Balkans and was led, with all its attributes of cruelty, on the territory of former Yugoslavia. Reflecting on this phenomenon from today’s perspective, we can come to the conclusion that the historical lesson taught by the Balkan Wars (1912/13) had not been learnt.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2012, 19, 1; 232-239
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Confronting recent history: forced mobilization in Serbia during the war in Croatia 1991–1995
Autorzy:
Mladenov Jovanović, Srđan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/910255.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-13
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
forced mobilization
culling
Yugoslav wars
Željko Ražnatović Arkan
Opis:
However much interest the Yugoslav conflicts of the nineties seem to have sparked within the broader academic community, some relevant topics are still found to be missing or underresearched. The forced mobilization during the Milošević regime that culled men of almost all age in order for them to fight for their country is one of them. With the recently published Untold stories of the victims of the forced mobilization, some new light has been shed on the cullings of the 1990s. This article explores those stories, including recently emerged transcripts from the governmental sessions discussing them, and puts them through a historical lens.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2020, 27, 1; 167-180
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nadzieje i stracone złudzenia. Wojny bałkańskie w świetle tekstów z kręgu Dimitriji Čupovskiego i Krste P. Misirkova
Hopes and lost illusions. Balkan Wars in the light of the texts from the circle Dimitrija Čupovski and Krste P. Misirkov
Autorzy:
Moroz-Grzelak, Lilla
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909879.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Balkan Wars
Dimitrija Čupovski
Krste Misirkov
Macedonia
Wojny Bałkańskie
Opis:
This paper addresses the sense of national identity of the Macedonians in the period of the Balkan wars and their aftermath. The first source material were used journalistic texts and calls in the journal „Makedonskij Golos” published by Macedonian expatriates gathered around Dimitrija Čupovski in St. Petersburg in the years 1913-1914. Second was diary Dnevnik) written by Krste Petkov Misirkov in 1913. Expression of these two major characters in the Macedonian history reflect geopolitical policies conducted in the Slavic population in the Balkans. It is an important source material documenting the national consciousness of intelligence derived from the Macedonian lands. This indicates that the main topics which were then undertaken focused on the defense of the whole Macedonian territory, aspirations to create their own state and diversified approach to the idea of the Slavic community.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2012, 19, 1; 297-308
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pierwsza wojna bałkańska według francuskiego dziennika „Le Temps”, a zachodnioeuropejskie stereotypy dotyczące ludów bałkańskich
The First Balkan War according to French journal Le Temps” and the Western European stereotypes concerning the Balkan peoples
Autorzy:
Sajkowski, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909883.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Balkan Wars
“Le Temps”
France
stereotypes
Wojny Bałkańskie
Francja
stereotypy
Opis:
“Le Temps” was one of the most important French newspapers of the first half of XXth century. In the first two months of the first Balkan war the progress of this conflict was the most important subject for the editors of “Le Temps”. The information provided by the daily had a binary character. On the one hand the readers might found the descriptions of diplomatic and military operations of the states participating in conflict, and the other political powers interested in the situation in the region. On the other hand the journal systematically published large commentaries made by the political commentators and the Balkan correspondents of the daily. In the articles published in “Le Temps” one can find the images of Balkans which are typical for Western European image of Balkans, which started to emerge in the beginning of XVIIIth century. It is important to underline that this image of Balkans presented in “Le Temps” did not concern only politics and war. The conflict became a pretext for the presentation of wild Balkan nature and the traditional culture of the Balkans. In the articles published in the newspaper it is possible to find also the reflections concerning the backwardness of social structures of Balkan people and their civilizations, as well as the remarks on the process of modernizations of those societies caused by military mobilization. “Le Temps” promoted the Western European stereotypes about Balkans, which up to that time were present mainly in travel journals, not so influential as the daily journals. The representation of Balkans presented by “Le Temps” was the synthesis of the images already known. The example of this journal shows that the image of Balkan people in the time of the Balkan war may be considered as the climax of the process of evolution of the Balkan stereotypes.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2012, 19, 1; 241-248
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Балканские войны: победа и поражение для Болгарии (1912-1913)
The Balkan Wars – victory and defeat for Bulgaria (1912-1913)
Autorzy:
Хаков, Дженгиз
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909897.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Балканские войны
Болгария
Балканский союз
Balkan wars
Bulgaria
Balkan Alliance
Opis:
After declaring its independence in 1908, in the name of the unification of all Bulgarians in one state Bulgaria carried out a policy of expanding its territory at the expense of the Ottoman provinces in the Balkans. The same policy was followed by all the other Balkan states. In the spring of 1912 under Russian auspices was formed the Balkan Alliance in which took part Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro. In the course of one year two wars with opposite goals and objectives were waged in the Balkans. The first war was between the states from the Balkan Alliance and Turkey, and the second – between Bulgaria and its allies from the Balkan Alliance. The Balkan wars changed radically the map of the Balkans. The Balkan Alliance disintegrated, the contradictions among the Balkan states aggravated and that again set them against each other in the First World War.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2012, 19, 1; 139-148
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cele polityczne i terytorialne Królestwa Czarnogóry w przededniu i w trakcie I wojny bałkańskiej
Political and territorial objectives of the Kingdom of Montenegro on the eve of and during the First Balkan War
Autorzy:
Szczepański, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909829.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Balkan wars
Montenegro
Serbia
Sandjak
Metohia
wojny bałkańskie
Czarnogóra
Sandžak
Metohija
Opis:
Montenegro, the smallest of the Balkan states in the beginning of the 20th century, was especially interested in creating an anti-Turkish alliance. It aimed at attaching the fertile lands of Sandžak of Novi Pazar, Metohija and Shkodër. Finally, as a result of the I Balkan War, it managed to achieve the first two aims, only if partially, because it had to share those lands with Serbia. Montenegro did not manage to take over control of Shkodër and the surroundings inhabited mainly by Albanians. There were many reasons why Montenegro did not manage to realize its territorial aspirations: – the poor financial condition of the state of Montenegro on the eve of the war, which prevented them from gaining a strong position in the Balkan alliance and made a success in its military actions dependent on the allies, especially on Serbia; – the detrimental pressure exerted by king Nicolas I to fight at any cost for the control over Shkodër; – a conflict of interest and mistakes made by the Montenegro authorities in developing their relations with Serbia, which weighed later on the relations between Montenegro and Serbia in the period between the Balkan wars and the First World War, as well as at the time when Yugoslavia began to unite around the idea of building the common state. – not appreciating to a sufficient degree the significance of the Albanian problem and not using the possession of the North Albanian lands as a bargaining chip in the relations with neighbors, particularly with Serbia.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2013, 20, 1; 117-136
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Балканските војни и актуелните состојби на Балканот
The Balkan Wars and the contemporary Balkans
Autorzy:
Mitrova, Makedonka
Pandevska, Маrija
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909831.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Балканските војни
Балканот
Грција
Македонија
Balkan wars
Balkans
Greece
Bulgaria
Macedonia
Opis:
A populist slogan, with a crusade like overtones: “to liberate our Christian brothers”, served as an unassailable alibi for the expansionist aspirations of the small Balkan states in order to mobilize their population during the First Balkan War. The different interpretations of the phrase “Christian brothers” could already be seen in the Balkan pacts and their hidden annexes. The Second Balkan War quite openly revealed the sole objective of the Balkan states for territorial expansion in those wars. To each his own: Greece longed for the wheat fields of Macedonia and Edirne; Bulgaria longed for the warm seas of Macedonia and Edirne; Serbia longed to be a coastal country at any cost- if they could not reach the Salonika Bay, then through the Durres port; Montenegro longed for the Skhodër (Skadar/Shkodra) port, etc. The Second Balkan War proved to be the quintessence of different interpretation of the word “to liberate”. Even though the Balkan Wars lasted for almost a year (between 1912 and 1913), they left the Balkan people with severe consequences. Namely, since the Balkan territory was ethnically diverse, especially in a period when not all of the nations were yet completely defined, it was not possible to draw the state lines which could please everybody and which would not dissatisfy the population later. Thus, the same actors would actively participate in both World Wars. Because of this, the discontentment originating in the period of the Balkan Wars still burdens the relations between the Balkan countries to this day. The unresolved political questions, such as the problem of Macedonia and Kosovo, may have lasted the whole century. This, however, does not mean that history repeats itself, because history can never be the same. Frozen conflicts and unresolved issues still burden the Balkans and contribute to the very slow and hard development of its political culture.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2013, 20, 1; 106-116
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rumuńskie roszczenia terytorialne wobec Bułgarii w dobie wojen bałkańskich
Romanian claims against Bulgaria during the period of the Balkan Wars
Autorzy:
Znamierowska-Rakk, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909880.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Balkan Wars
Romania
Bulgaria
Dobrudja
Bessarabia
Wojny Bałkańskie
Rumunia
Bułgaria
Dobrudża
Besarabia
Opis:
This article is to demonstrate the genesis and repercussions of the Romanian territorial claims against Bulgaria during the war period of the 1912-1913 in the Balkan Peninsula. What is most stressed is the direct relationship of the said claims with the separation of Bessarabia from the Romanian state, executed by the 1878 Berlin truce and annexation of Northern Dobrudja, a region inhabited mostly by Bulgarians. This last fact inspired the anxiety in Bucharest, that Bulgaria might claim that land by force. This was worsened after 1908, when Bulgaria proclaimed itself a sovereign empire, intent on incorporating major parts of Macedonia and Thrace since the decisive victory over the Ottoman Turkey. Such broadening of the Bulgarian borders was regarded in Bucharest as a threat to the political equilibrium in the Balkans, endangering the Romanian state security and territorial integrity. As a result the government of Romania issued a claim to reestablish the border with Bulgaria, which was in essence a claim over Southern Dobrudja. In spite of rather favorable international circumstances in the early XX century, the Romanians were unable to bring this notion into being until the second half of 1913, the outbreak of an inter-alliance war, a result of frictions between Bulgaria, Serbia and Greece. The lack of success on the side of the Bulgarian armed forces at the western front and the fact that their northern and northeastern provinces were left unprotected incited Romania to invade Bulgaria and annex the Southern Dobrudja. A Turkish invasion followed shortly. As a consequence, and with recognition of the European superpowers of the time, on 10th August 1913 in Bucharest a harsh treaty was imposed on Bulgarians, with the loss of the contested Southern Dobrudja amongst other terms.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2012, 19, 1; 287-295
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pułkownik Redl. Polityczne wątki afery w prasie polskiej
Colonel Redl. Political motifs of the affair in Polish press releases
Autorzy:
Stępnik, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909882.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Alfred Redl
Balkan Wars
Austro-Hungary
antisemitism
Wojny Bałkańskie
Austro-Węgry
antysemityzm
Opis:
The most famous spy scandal before the outbreak of the First World War, took place during the time of intensified diplomatic actions taken to stop the Balkan War. At night on May 24th 1913, Colonel Alfred Redl, the chief of staff for the VIII. Corps stationed in Prague – having been exposed by counterintelligence – committed suicide in Klomser Hotel in Vienna. His death was directly connected to the fact that the special commission that consisted of high ranking officers was established in the extraordinary mode. The case of Russian spy was known only to an exclusive group of ‘initiates’. Nevertheless, it was almost immediately leaked to the press and evoked scandal that stirred up public opinion in Austria-Hungary. The motifs of the scandal – described in Polish press releases of that time: in Cracow, Lvov and Warsaw – have been analyzed in the article. They were significant in the context of political struggle, led mainly between two antagonistic forces: the Austrophiles and the Russophiles. Seemingly distant from Polish matters, the spy affair turned out to be an important factor that ‘catalyzed’ political attitudes of the Poles. The aspect of Redl’s nationality became a significant element of the polemics. And the scandal undermined Austro-Hungarian morale, especially the morale of Slavic nations subject to the Empire; the more so as, at exactly the same time, a political corruption affair which Hungarian Prime Minister was involved in, happened in Budapest. The events that happened in Galicia in May and June 1913 – as connected with political and economical turning point that autonomous country reached, which was caused by Austro-Hungarian preparations for Balkan War – have been examined here as the background context. In this article, basing on a wide range of press sources, the author classifies and describes some key political motifs of the Redl affair: especially the change of ideas about the Balkan War – in accordance to common opinions expressed in Polish press – now bringing the fatal threat to Austro-Hungary. (Russia came into possession of mobilization plans). The other topics are: the decline of Austro-Hungarian prestige on the international arena, the criticism of the code applying to officer corps, assigning Redl the Jewish origin by the anti-Semitic press, attacks on the ones that supported Austro-Hungarian orientations, including those who organized a kind of ‘substitute” for Polish military forces under the auspices of the monarchy, and finally – the spy psychosis.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2012, 19, 1; 249-286
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Półwysep Bałkański jako obszar działań militarnych podczas wojen bałkańskich. Charakterystyka geograficzno-wojskowa
Balkan peninsula as the area of military operation during Balkan wars. Geographical-military characteristics
Autorzy:
Krzak, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909895.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Półwysep Bałkański
Wojny bałkańskie
strategie wojskowe
Balkan wars
Balkan peninsula
military strategies
Opis:
The Balkan peninsula on account of its peculiar location and the terrain constitutes the unusually interesting object of the research on military conflicts. Forms of operations applied in conflicts, which took place in the range border of the geographical-political Balkans, let read wars run in this area in the course of a few hundred years. Based on experience resulting from the conflicts of Balkan and other antagonisms, which occurred on the Peninsula during the last century, it is possible to state that the conducted research on meaning of this area can constitute the initial base to next research on Balkan military conflicts. Furthermore, the terrain and its components always serve as a toll to pinpoint the indispensable measures to conduct the wars.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2012, 19, 1; 149-168
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wielkie mocarstwa europejskie wobec wojen bałkańskich 1912-1913
The Great European Powers and Balkan Wars 1912-1913
Autorzy:
Rubacha, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909890.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Balkan wars
great powers
Balkans
Mediterranean sea
Thessaloniki
Wojny Bałkańskie
mocarstwa
Morze Śródziemne
Saloniki
Opis:
Balkan Wars 1912-1913 were a milestone event in the history of the Balkans. They ending, started in 1878, process of expulsion of Turkey from its European possessions, and creating the possibility of realizing popular in this part of Europe slogan “The Balkans for the Balkan nations”. It should be noted that taking on the Balkan Peninsula events were with attention watched by the European great powers, because this part of Europe they are treated as a region of special economic and politic-military interest. This situation was dictated primarily by dynamic industrialization of Europe, which already in the middle of the nineteenth century led to the exacerbation of the struggle for access to the raw materials and especially to sales markets. In the context of the Balkans the essential importance had the rivalry between Austria-Hungary, which was seeking a safe and comfortable way to the port of Thessaloniki, and Russia, which was striving to change the status of Bosporus and the Dardanelles, for ensure grain exports through the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It must be remembered that the Balkans and Turkey played an equally important role in the economic plans of other powers – Great Britain, France, and from the late nineteenth century also Italy and Germany. An equally important role played by political and military considerations. The entry of great powers in the so-called imperial era greatly influenced the intensification of the competition for the “undisputed leader” in Europe and the range of spheres of influence, and the crystallization of the opposing military-political blocks in the Europe, pay attention of politicians to those European countries, which was created the possibility of blocking the enemy actions and obtain tactical advantage. For obvious reasons, the Balkans have played in this rivalry special role. Although the imposition of all these factors complicated the situation on the Balkan Peninsula, the persistent tension between the great powers created Balkan states and nations the feasibility of their policy plans. Thus, in the era of the Balkan wars, they did not intend to follow the guidelines of European diplomacy, and taken by the great powers the efforts to save peace and acquisition of potential allies did not lead to the expected success, which clearly confirmed the events of WWI.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2012, 19, 1; 207-220
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aspekty ekonomiczne i społeczne wojen bałkańskich 1912-1913
The economic and social aspects of the 1912-1913 Balkan Wars
Autorzy:
Dymarski, Mirosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909886.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Balkan Wars
economy
costs of war
refugees
Wojny Bałkańskie
gospodarka
koszty wojenne
uchodźcy
Opis:
At the dawn of the XXth century the Balkan countries were intent on waging war against Turkey. In the preparation period, however, they had severely exceeded their economic and demographic capabilities. The arms production consumed vast amounts of money, leading to an extraordinary debt of the Balkan states. The 1912-1913 wars have proved to be a veritable ordeal for the economies of the involved countries as well as their social endurance. This great sacrifice was supposed to further the national goal of defeating Turkey and finally establishing the inter-state borders, even in the face of an impending economic collapse. The Balkan conflicts turned into a war of attrition, a harbinger of what was to come during the World War I. The pre-war efforts and the cost of the actual warfare brought Bulgaria, Greece,Serbia, Montenegro as well as Turkey to the brink of economical breakdown and major social turbulence. The calling of 1.3 million men to arms resulted in halting the industrial production and an agricultural crisis in the countries of the Balkan Alliance. The civilian transport sector was non-existent (since all the means and assets had been requisitioned by the military) which proved fatal to the commerce. This in turn greatly diminished the states’ tax income, further worsening the financial repercussions of the war. The number of soldiers fallen, wounded or killed by cholera were reaching hundreds of thousands. Due to the harsh war conditions and the lack of suitable attention many of the wounded have become disabled, which banned them from the work market and doomed them to social benefits. Amongst the consequences of the war were also migrations of the civilians, forced by the war itself and the following border changes. The Christian refugees alone numbered hundreds of thousands, while any real means of administering to the basic needs of the displaced masses were actually non-existent. On the Muslim side the losses amounted to 620,000 Turkish soldiers and civilians. A further 440,000 have been displaced and moved to Anatolia. Moreover the pillage, the atrocity, as well as the destruction of private property have engraved the feelings of mutual hatred and longing for a vendetta in the minds of the Balkan people.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2012, 19, 1; 221-230
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wojny bałkańskie 1912-1913 przyczyną rozwoju nacjonalizmu „gorącego” na Bałkanach w XX wieku. Zarys problemu
The Balkan Wars 1912-1913 as a cause of the development of “hot nationalism” in the Balkans. The outline of the problem
Autorzy:
Gibas-Krzak, Danuta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909898.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Nationalism
Balkan wars
International Carnegie’s Commission
Nacjonalizm
wojny bałkańskie
Międzynarodowa Komisja Carnegiego
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to examine the origin of “hot nationalism” in the Balkans. Undoubtedly, this kind of nationalism was the final element of the Balkan Wars, that erupted in 1912. The author presents the hypothesis that all Balkan conflicts have in common many factors. First of all, they were leading to develop of the modern nationalism. The ethnic cleansing, which were conducted during the Balkans Wars became the origin of the next Balkan conflicts in XX and XXI centuries. Furthermore, the most important acts of cruelty, violations, rapes, murders are being described along with the overall as it is being manifested in the case of Macedonia. The crucial source of this article constitutes The other Balkan Wars. A 1913 Carnegie Endowment inquiry in retrospect with a new introduction and reflections on the present conflict by George F. Kennan, written in Washington 1993, based on Carnegie Commission Report (1914), whose authors emphasized that “hot nationalism” manifested itself on the field of battle, drew on deeper traits of character inherited, presumably, from a distant tribal past, a tendency to view the outsider, with dark suspicion, and to see the political opponent as a fearful and implacable enemy to be rendered harmless only by total and unpitying destruction. The author asks the question if the “Eastern nationalism”, the most ferocious nationalism, still causes the threat to the security not only in the South Europe but also in the Old Continent?
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2012, 19, 1; 121-138
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Potencjał militarny dalmatyńskich Morlaków w źródłach francuskich z początku XIX w.
The military potential of the Morlachs of Dalmatia in the French sources form the beginning of the 19th century
Autorzy:
Sajkowski, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32315905.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Vlachs
Dalmatia
military settlement
Napoleonic wars
Illyrian Provinces
Wołosi
Dalmacja
osadnictwo wojskowe
wojny napoleońskie
Prowincje Iliryjskie
Opis:
W latach 1806–1813 Dalmacja stała się częścią Cesarstwa Francuskiego. Prowincja, której interior zamieszkany był przez pasterzy wołoskich zwanych Morlakami była jednak niewydolna gospodarczo, co stanowiło duże wyzwanie dla nowej administracji. Już wcześniej, w czasach panowania weneckiego powstały różnorakie projekty rozwoju gospodarczego Dalmacji, jednakże ich implementacja wymagała czasu, a ściąganie podatków musiało się w warunkach ustawicznie prowadzonych przez Cesarstwo Francuskie wojen odbywać regularnie. Stąd wśród władz francuskich pojawiło się przekonanie, że jedyną formą jakiegokolwiek zdyskontowania finansowego panowania nad Dalmacją będzie konskrypcja wojskowa. Krótki okres francuskich rządów w Dalmacji zaowocował analizami dotyczącymi możliwości wykorzystania potencjału militarnego pasterzy wołoskich, które stanowią swego rodzaju podsumowanie wszystkich wcześniejszych rozważań dotyczących tego problemu. Francuscy zarządcy zapanowali bowiem nad terenami, na których tradycyjne powinności wojskowe osadników wołoskich były wykorzystywane w bardzo różny sposób. W istocie wiele przywołanych uwag zawiera w sobie szerszy rys historyczny dotyczący ewolucji społeczności wołoskich na pograniczu Dalmacji, Bośni i Chorwacji.
Between 1806 and 1813 Dalmatia became part of the French Empire. The province, whose continental part was inhabited by Vlach shepherds called Morlachs, was economically inefficient, which was a huge problem to the new administration. Various projects of the economic development of Dalmatia had already been drawn up under Venetian rule, but their implementation took time and the collection of taxes had to be regular in the face of the constant wars waged by the French Empire. Hence, the French authorities were convinced that the only form of any kind of financial compensation for their dominion over Dalmatia would be military conscription. The short period of French rule in Dalmatia resulted in analyses concerning the possibility of exploiting the military potential of the Vlach shepherds, which became a kind of summary of all previous considerations concerning this problem. Indeed, the French administrators ruled over areas where the traditional military duties of the Vlach settlers were used in very different ways. Hence, many of those analysis made by the French include a broader historical account of the evolution of Vlach communities in the borderlands of Dalmatia, Bosnia, and Croatia.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2022, 29; 353-363
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bitwa pod Kumanowem na łamach gazety „Politika” – mit umacniający pozycję polityczną króla Aleksandra Karadjordjevicia
The battle of Kumanovo in the newspaper „Politika”, as a myth strengthening political position of king Aleksander Karadjordjević
Autorzy:
Michalak, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909894.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Balkan Wars
The battle of Kumanovo
Aleksander Karadjordjević
“Politika”
Wojny bałkańskie
bitwa pod Kumanovem
„Politika”
Opis:
Although the commander-in-chief of the Serbian army during both Balkan wars was the chief of staff, general Radomir Putnik, it was his subordinate, a mere 24 years-old Prince Aleksander. The battle of Kumanovo (23rd–24th October 1912), considered as one of the most important battles of the First Balkan War, brought him a great prestige. It seems, that Aleksander tried to strengthen his image as an honest and honorable soldier fighting in defense of his homeland and for the liberation of all South Slavs. It was an effective way of obtaining sympathy subjects, the way, which began to be used on a larger scale after taking the throne by Aleksander Karadjordjević (16th August 1921). The largest and most popular newspaper in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (since 1929 Yugoslavia), the daily “Politika” supported the official political line of the king. A very interesting aspect of this activity is its way of presenting events associated with the commemoration of the battle of Kumanovo. The cultivation of the so-called “myth of Kumanovo” was important aspect of king’s Aleksander policy, who in the face of ongoing problems and disputes in the internal policy of the country, wanted to be seen as “unifier”, soldier and hero, who was not interested in political games. Much of his subjects perceived him exactly in that way.
Źródło:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2012, 19, 1; 169-179
0239-4278
2450-3177
Pojawia się w:
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 18

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