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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Podejrzani o dokonanie zgwałceń działający indywidualnie i w grupach (w świetle danych statystyki milicyjnej)
    Persons Suspected of Individual or Group Sexual Assaults in 1969
    Autorzy:
    Mościskier, Andrzej
    Syzduł, Edward
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699186.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1972
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    podejrzany
    zgwałcenie
    statystyka policyjna
    police statistics
    person suspected
    sexual assaults
    Opis:
    The compilation present data based on police records on persons suspected of sexual assaults in 1969, broken down into suspects who acted alone, with one other person, and groups of three, four and five (or more).  
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 1972, V; 304-317
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kryminologiczno-epistemologiczne i genderowe aspekty przestępstwa zgwałcenia
    Criminological-epistemological and gender aspects of the crime of rape
    Autorzy:
    Płatek, Monika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698947.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    kryminologia feministyczna
    przemoc wobec kobiet
    wiktymizacja
    zgwałcenie
    gender and crime
    rape
    Opis:
    According to government information from November 2010, only 8% of committed sex crimes are reported in Poland. In 90% of cases, the perpetrators remain unpunished. Taking into account the statistics for 2009, 6,700 cases of sexual violence show the scale of the problem. The article tries to investigate the reasons of such situation. How does it happen that in a legal order, which since 1932 is based on extremely modern approach to the crime of rape, it remains in practice so often unpunished? The reasons of this are seen in the accepted procedure of prosecution, on the motion of the injured. This procedure results from the fact that provisions from 1932 have been accepted as they were, without a deeper reflection or analysis of the state of affairs of the time. What was acceptable in the criminological-epistemological and dogmatic perspective then, has been accepted by the legislator at present. This leaves a question why regulations from 1932 are still in force at present, with the detriment to the victims. In seeking an answer to this question, a methodology provided by feminist jurisprudence is assumed. The text also explains the very notion of feminist jurisprudence and gender analysis of law. The method allows to notice the elements earlier neglected by the law and to explain why corruption of the perpetrator reaches the victim. The development of feminist jurisprudence over the past three decades has contributed to significant enrichment of the theory of law in many countries and has led to many reforms of criminal law, including changes to the regulations concerning the rape of crime. Taking feminist criminology and feminist jurisprudence into account allows to consider the causes of placing joint responsibility for rape on a victim. It allows to demonstrate that what is hidden under the euphemism of morals and morality is also supported by laws and does not result from tradition as much as from the influence of contemporary law. The accepted procedure of prosecution of the crime is a significant element of this process. Assuming a gender perspective introduces a perspective of experiences and values essential for women to the analysis of language, evaluation and events, although it is not limited to this. The text, while analysing the determinants of regulations concerning rape, questions the basic axioms of criminal law dogma pertaining to neutrality and objectivity of criminal law. The example of regulations on rape proves that both axioms in fact sustain a loss to the benefit of the interest of the legislator who has a greater tendency to identify with a perpetrator than with a victim. The text analyses various perspectives of justifying accepted norms and indicates that higher arguments at each time serve to justify current interests. Using instruments of gender analysis of law here as well, reader’s attention is drawn to the perspective resulting from the experiences and values presented by women.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2010, XXXII; 345-378
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przestępstwo zgwałcenia w Polsce w latach 1999–2017
    Rapes in Poland in the period 1999–2017
    Autorzy:
    Widacki, Jan
    Szuba-Boroń, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698814.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    zgwałcenie
    statystyki zgwałceń
    gwałty randkowe
    przestępstwa seksualne
    rape
    rapes in Poland
    rape statistic
    date rape
    sexual offences
    Opis:
    Not only have the regulations in criminal law concerning the crime of rape changed over the years, but so has the evident process of the transformation of its cultural context. In the early decades of the 20th century, physical traces of violence – visible bodily harm experienced by the victim – was required as proof of rape. The 1970s brought an entirely different social image of the phenomenon, revealing that “date rape” constitutes the majority of all acts of rape. Cultural circumstances play a key role in the process of naming an act rape. Statistical data also allow for the claim that the shift in prosecuting cases of the crime of rape has neither resulted in an increase in the number of reported rapes nor in a decrease in the number of such unreported crimes.
    Na przestrzeni lat zmieniały się prawnokarne regulacje dotyczące przestępstwa zgwałcenia, przede wszystkim jednak widoczny jest proces przeobrażania kontekstu kulturowego. W pierwszych dekadach XX w. jako dowodu zgwałcenia wymagano śladów przemocy, obrażeń na ciele ofiary. Lata 70. XX w. ukazały już zupełnie inny obraz społeczny tego zjawiska, ujawniając w strukturze zgwałceń przeważający udział tzw. zgwałceń randkowych. Uwarunkowania kulturowe odgrywają kluczową rolę w procesie uznania zachowania za gwałt. W świetle danych statystycznych można również postawić tezę, że zmiana trybu ścigania przestępstwa zgwałcenia nie wpłynęła ani na wzrost stwierdzonych przestępstw zgwałcenia, ani na zmniejszenie ciemnej liczby gwałtów.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2019, XLI/2; 253-285
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zgwałcenie. Gdy termin nabiera nowej treści. Pozorny brak zmian i jego skutki
    Rape : When an Old Term Acquires a New Meaning. A Consequence of False Sameness
    Autorzy:
    Płatek, Monika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698782.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    zgwałcenie
    przestępstwo zgwałcenia w kodeksie karnym z 1997
    zgwałcenie w Konwencji antyprzemocowej
    autonomia seksualna
    wolność seksualna
    Konwencja antyprzemocowa
    Konwencja CEDAW
    wyrok ETPCz M.C. v. Bułgaria
    rape
    sexual autonomy
    sexual freedom
    Art. 197 of the Polish Criminal Law
    Istanbul Convention (CETS210)
    Art. 36 of CETS210
    CEDAW Convention
    ECHR M.C. v. Bulgaria
    Istanbul Convention
    Polish Criminal Law
    Opis:
    The Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combatting violence againstwomen and domestic violence (further: CETS210, Istanbul Convention, Anti-violenceConvention) became part of the Polish legal system on 1 August 2015. The IstanbulConvention incorporates a specific legal provision on rape, namely Art. 36 CETS210.It states that the Parties should take the necessary legislative or other measures toensure that the intentional conduct described in Art. 36 CETS210 is criminalised.Article 36.1a CETS210 states that rape takes place when engaging in non-consensualvaginal, anal or oral penetration of a sexual nature of the body of another person withany bodily part or object.Rape is respectively regulated in Art. 19 7 of the Polish Criminal Code 1997 (further,k.k.). However, the context of Art. 197 k.k. significantly differs from the wordingof Art. 36 CETS. Whereas Art. 36 CETS protects freedom, autonomy and sexualautonomy of the person, Art. 197 k.k. protects merely sexual freedom combined withprotecting the social customs. In order to establish the presence of rape, one needs toprove the presence of violence, psychological aggression and/or deception. Protectingsocial customs implies an additional burden because it allows evaluating the behaviourof the victim rather than the one of the perpetrator. The Istanbul Convention is orientedon eager elimination of violence against women and domestic violence. Therefore, itestablishes that the Parties should take the necessary measures to promote changesin the social and cultural patterns and behaviour of women and men with a view toeradicating prejudice, customs, traditions and all other practices which are based onthe idea of the inferiority of women or stereotyped roles for women and men (Art.12.1 CETS210). It is within this line that rape regulation should follow.The question that is tackled in this article is as follows: to what extent doesthe difference in the legal description of the act of “rape”, and the difference in protectedvalues by legal provision in Art. 36 CETS210 and in Art. 197 k.k. make an ontologicaland normative difference? Are they not possible to be reconciled? Or, is the meredifference in the words describing what “rape” not an obstacle to achieving the goalsexpected by Art. 36 CETS210?The problem is not an artificial one especially in view of the fact that the Polishlegislators did not amend the text of Art. 197 k.k. upon the ratification of CETS210. It would suggest that the Polish legislator was of the opinion that there is no definitedifference between Art. 36 CETS210 and Art. 197 k.k. The text examines what happen eswhen an old term acquires new meaning.Is Art. 197 k.k. despite the lack of amendments filling the value required by Art.36 CETS210? Or, is the sameness expected by the Polish legislator false? By demonstratingvital differences in the protected values and the action required establish ingthe presence of the rape, I call for amendments to fulfill the state legal obligations toobserve the Istanbul Convention.The article deals with the ontological difference in the legal concept behind the textof Art. 36 CETS210 and Art. 197 k.k. While Art. 197 k.k. is built on the concept of sexualfreedom, Art. 36 CETS is developed on the concept of sexual autonomy. I elaborateon that.The changes in the protected values incorporated in Art. 36 CETS210 lead toabandoning the concept of sexual freedom established in Art. 197 k.k. and adoptingthe concept of sexual autonomy. While the former concept of sexual freedom, asin Art. 197 k.k., uses violence, psychological aggression and/or deception to establishthe presence of rape, for sexual autonomy as defined in Art. 36 CETS210 the line iscrossed where the consent was not present. While sexual freedom limits freedom to torefusal, sexual autonomy demands the presence of consent. Not violence, aggressionor deception, but the lack of consents matters.The term and concept of sexual autonomy was first explored by the EuropeanCourt of Human Rights in the landmark European Court of Human Right (furtherECHR) judgment M.C. v. Bulgaria (No. 39272/98). The case is thoroughly analysedto further illuminate the difference between the two concepts behind the differentapproaches to defining “rape”.The article, however, starts with an in-depth introduction to the goal of the IstanbulConvention, which is to place the issue of rape in a proper perspective. Apart froma criminological analysis of the concept of rape, the article discusses the values protectedby, respectively, Art. 36 CETS210 and Art. 197 k.k. and compares the similarities andactual differences. A similar examination is related to the description of “rape” in Art.36 CETS and Art. 197 k.k. Last but not least, the subject is evaluated, taking the Polishcriminal dogmas into consideration.The conclusion of the examination leaves no room for assuming that Art. 197 k.k.fulfills the requirement stipulated by Art. 36 CETS210. It is, therefore necessary, toamend Art. 197 k.k.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2018, XL; 263-325
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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