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Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
Tytuł:
Czynniki kryminogenne przestępczości podatkowej
Criminogenic Factors in Tax Fraud
Autorzy:
Wilk, Leszek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698894.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
przestępczość podatkowa
prawo podatkowe
czynniki kryminogenne
criminogenic factors
tax fraud
tax law
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2008, XXIX-XXX; 227-238
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O tzw. "ciemnej liczbie" przestępstw podatkowych
On the so-called ''dark number'' of tax crimes
Autorzy:
Wilk, Leszek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698995.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
ciemna liczba przestępstw
przestępczość podatkowa
szacowanie rozmiaru przestępczości
tax crimes
criminology
Opis:
The subject of the study is a research of non-disclosed tax crime, in criminology known as the ''dark number''. Among the factors influenting its extent, we can enumerate: tax institutions' efficiency, citizens' attitudes towards this category of crimes (especially their willingness to inform about tax crimes) and the tax system itself with its rules. Approximate image of the size of non-disclosed tax crime we can obtain within frames of research on the so-called ''informal commercial sector''. Within the ''informal sector'' we can also (but not only) classify all sorts of behaviour connected with avoiding tax payment. Among the research methods we can enumerate: direct methods (concentrating on specific taxpayers) and indirect methods (analysis of macro- economic data). The image of non-disclosed tax crime makes easier estimating the size of the so-called ''tax gap'' (tax revenue non-obtained by the state). Research on the extent of the ''informal sector'' and ''tax gap'' reflect only social and economic importance of tax crime but do not give basis to a more close description of the ''dark number'' of tax crime (in the meaning used in criminology- as a relation- for example 1:9 or as a percentage- for example 80%). Only a comparison of a scale of tax reductions and their structure with reference to the categories of tax offences with the range of general ''tax gap'' can let us estimate the ''dark number'' of tax crime, resulting with the ''tax gap''.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2011, XXXIII; 27-38
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
"Kryminalne" aspekty przestępczości podatkowej
Criminal aspects of tax delinquency
Autorzy:
Wilk, Leszek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/698482.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
przestępczość podatkowa
polityka kryminalna
tax delinquency
crime prevention
Opis:
There is a common opinion that fiscal offence has no criminal character but is merely an administrative offence and consists only of petty deeds of little social noxiousness. This opinion is not accurate with regard to basic types of tax crimes which very often are varieties of common frauds or forgery that may seriously endanger financial transactions of a country or local government. They are characterised by the fact that the tax procedures and legal structures are faked or falsely initiated and employed to commit or de facto to camouflage offences of criminal character. One example could be tax fraud involving simulation of a series of transactions which have no real economic of commercial significance and serve to fake alleged tax obligations and to initiate the procedure of VAT and ultimately to obtain from the Treasury substantial amounts of unjust VAT refunds under false pretences. These are in fact ordinary criminal offenses committed with the use of tax refund procedures. Possibility of moving VAT free goods between countries of the European Union with the lack of adequate monitoring mechanisms in the Member States resulted in a dangerous increase in the number of organized frauds, which are simply regarded as a mechanism “embedded” in the EU VAT system. They are referred to as tax carousels or carousel frauds. Tax law, its mechanisms, and its procedures are sometimes used not only for this type of criminal extortion of property from the tax authorities but also as for a so-called money laundering and legalization of illegal incomes. Generally, tax offences shows more and more close links with strictly criminal offences, it is becoming more and more organised, professionalism of the perpetrators is increasing, and even a growth in brutalization of such crimes can observed. This should change a traditional approach to tax crime.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 2009, XXXI; 209-221
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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