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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Evaluation of ecological extremes of vehicles in road emission tests
    Autorzy:
    Pielecha, Jacek
    Skobiej, Kinga
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833638.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    exhaust emission
    passenger cars
    real driving emissions
    optimization
    emisja spalin
    samochody osobowe
    badania emisji spalin
    optymalizacja
    Opis:
    New testing procedures for determining road emissions of exhaust pollutants for passenger vehicles were established in 2018. New road testing procedures are designed to determine actual exhaust emissions, which may not always reflect laboratory emissions. Test procedures for the emission of pollutants in real traffic conditions are divided into four stages. The latest research on the emission of pollutants from motor vehicles in road traffic conditions, carried out using mobile measuring systems, reflects the actual ecological state of vehicles. The article compares the results of exhaust emissions obtained in road tests using the latest legislative proposals for passenger cars. Then, an attempt was made to determine the engine operating parameters in which exhaust road emission would be the lowest. Solution scenarios were defined as part of permissible changes to dynamic parameters that are included in European legislation on RDE testing. For this purpose, an optimization tool was used, allowing on the basis of given input data to determine the minimum objective function, defined as the smallest emission value of individual harmful compounds. The results of the exhaust gas emissions in the RDE test were used to determine the road emissions of individual harmful compounds. A thorough analysis of the emission intensity of individual compounds has shown that it is possible to approximate such values using functional rela-tionships or adopting them as a constant value. This division was used to determine the extremes (in this case the minima) of the objective function (minimum road emissions of harmful exhaust components). This task resulted in obtaining (within the permissible tolerances of all driving parameters and durations of individual road test sections) the value of exhaust emissions in the range from 26% to 81% lower than in the actual road test. This means that there is a tolerance range, where you can obtain the value of emissions in road tests. As a result, you can use the process of determining the minimum emissions tests RDE calibration of the drive units already at the stage of preparation so that in the real traffic conditions characterized by the lowest exhaust emissions.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2020, 56, 4; 33-46
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The use of the mild hybrid system in vehicles with regard to exhaust emissions and their environmental impact
    Autorzy:
    Pielecha, Jacek
    Gis, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833672.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    transport
    hybrid system
    exhaust emissions
    environmental protection
    system hybrydowy
    emisje spalin
    ochrona środowiska
    Opis:
    Pollution of the environment is a global phenomenon. The lack of specific actions to reduce environmental pollution can lead to an increase in the average temperature of the Earth's air and to global consequences. One of the important sectors affecting environmental pollution is transport, including road transport. Currently, intensive legislative and construction works are underway to reduce the emission of harmful substances from road transport. Meeting the requirements imposed by the European Union makes it necessary not only to make structural changes to combustion units or exhaust aftertreatment systems, but also to use additional systems supporting the operation of the main engine. This group includes, among others, Mild Hybrid propulsion systems and classic hybrid systems. Their application is to affect not only the possibility of reducing the swept volume of a combustion unit, while maintaining its operational parameters, but also to reduce the emission of harmful substances of exhaust gases. The conducted research and its analysis indicate the legitimacy of using a newer vehicle equipped with a modern propulsion system, i.e. Mild Hybrid, in real conditions. In the case of toxic emissions of exhaust gases, a difference in emissions of individual components is noticeable, depending on the chosen driving mode. However, it is worth mentioning the difference in the emission of nitrogen oxides and the number of particulate matters. Their emission is reduced in relation to a vehicle using a classic powertrain. The use of a modern propulsion system also improves reliability. The tested Mild Hybrid vehicle does not use a conventional alternator and starter. This eliminates the elements that are prone to damage in prolonged operation. This is an unquestionable advantage when taking into account the operation of the vehicle.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2020, 55, 3; 41-50
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Determination of exhaust emission characteristics in the RDE test using the Monte Carlo method
    Autorzy:
    Andrych-Zalewska, Monika
    Chłopek, Zdzisław
    Merkisz, Jerzy
    Pielecha, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311798.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    Monte Carlo method
    RDE test
    combustion engine
    pollutant emission
    metoda Monte Carlo
    RDE
    silnik spalinowy
    emisja zanieczyszczeń
    Opis:
    The article presents a method of determining the characteristics of exhaust emissions and fuel mass consumption in real driving conditions based on a single test using the Monte Carlo method. The exhaust emission characteristics used are the relations between the emissions and the average vehicle speed, and the characteristic of the fuel mass consumption is the dependence of the fuel mass consumption at the average vehicle speed. The results of empirical research of a passenger car with a spark-ignition engine in the RDE test were used. The use of the Monte Carlo method made it possible to select the initial and final moments of averaging the process values, thanks to which it was possible to determine the discrete values of the characteristics for various values of average vehicle speeds. The determined discrete characteristics of the particulate mass and number emissions and fuel mass consumption relative to the average vehicle speed were approximated by polynomial functions of the second and third degree. The determined discrete characteristics, presented as sets of points, were characterized by a relatively small dispersion in relation to their polynomial approximations. The average relative deviation of the points of discrete characteristics from the value of the polynomial was in most cases small – less than 4%, only in the case of the number of particles emitted deviated from this, as the average relative deviation of the measured points from the determined polynomial was nearly 14%. Combined with the results of RDE empirical studies, the Monte Carlo method proved to be an effective method for determining the characteristics of exhaust emissions, measured in real vehicle operating conditions. The main advantage of the proposed method was a significant reduction in the actual workload necessary to carry out the empirical research – where it became possible to determine the characteristics in a large range of vehicle average speed values with just one drive test. Using standard methods of measuring this type of data, it would be necessary to conduct multiple tests, driving at different average vehicle speeds.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2023, 66, 2; 45--60
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of the operation states of internal combustion engine in the Real Driving Emissions test
    Autorzy:
    Andrych-Zalewska, Monika
    Chłopek, Zdzisław
    Merkisz, Jerzy
    Pielecha, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2124713.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    combustion engine
    real driving emissions
    engine operation states
    silnik spalinowy
    emisje spalin
    stan pracy silnika
    Opis:
    Internal combustion engines represent the largest share of motor vehicle propulsion types. Despite the introduction of alternative drives (hybrid and electric), combustion engines will continue to be the main factor in the development of transport. Therefore, work related to their technological development and reduction of their harmful effects on human health and the environment is required. The development of internal combustion engines can be seen in two directions: technological changes resulting in increased efficiency of such engines and the second direction connected with limitation of exhaust gas emission. The present work is included in the second direction of research interests and concerns the analysis of various operating conditions of internal combustion engines. The operating states, both static and dynamic, determine the operational properties of internal combustion engines, such as fuel and energy consumption as well as pollutant emissions. Sofar, such operating conditions have only been mapped on a chassis dynamometer in various homologation tests. The course of the type approval test was known and the conditions of measurement were also known, which made it impossible to introduce a random factor into such tests. Currently, these properties are determined in tests performed in real vehicle operating conditions – RDE (Real Driving Emissions). Such tests are representing real operating conditions of motor vehicles. Limitations for performing tests in real traffic conditions are, apart from formal requirements concerning the duration and distance of individual parts, the dynamic conditions of vehicles determined by the speed and acceleration of the vehicle. The study analyzed the properties of vehicle speed processes and engine operating states in the RDE test, taking into account its individual phases – driving in urban, rural and motorway conditions. Engine operation states are the processes of the engine rotational speed and its relative torque. It was found that the dynamic properties of the vehicle speed process are much more significant than the engine operating states. It was also found that the road emission of pollutants in the RDE test, which is the property of vehicles measured in the test, the motorway phase properties have greatest impact.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2022, 61, 1; 71--88
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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