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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Thermodynamics-based measurement of the velocity of high-temperature smoke
    Autorzy:
    Wang, Haoyu
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2204068.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    thermodynamics
    smoke
    flow velocity
    measurement
    Kalman filter
    algorithm
    Opis:
    In view of the high cost and difficulty of ensuring the accuracy in the measurement of fire smoke velocity, the measurement system developed using platinum resistance temperature detectors and an 8-bit microcontroller, is used to realize the fast measurement of high-temperature fire smoke velocity. The system is based on the thermodynamic method and adopts the Kalman filter algorithm to process the measurement data, so as to eliminate noise and interference, and reduce measurement error. The experimental results show that the Kalman filter algorithm can effectively improve the measurement accuracy of fire smoke velocity. It is also shown that the system has high measurement accuracy, short reaction time, low cost, and is characterized by high performance in the measurement of high-temperature smoke velocity in experiments and practice.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2023, 44, 1; 23--36
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Thermodynamic analysis of biofuels as fuels for high temperature fuel cells
    Autorzy:
    Milewski, J.
    Bujalski, W.
    Lewandowski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240906.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    biopaliwa
    modelowanie matematyczne
    ogniwo węglanowe
    tlenkowe ogniwa paliwowe
    biofuels
    mathematical modeling
    Molten carbonate fuel cell
    solid oxide fuel cell
    Opis:
    Based on mathematical modeling and numerical simulations, applicativity of various biofuels on high temperature fuel cell performance are presented. Governing equations of high temperature fuel cell modeling are given. Adequate simulators of both solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) have been done and described. Performance of these fuel cells with different biofuels is shown. Some characteristics are given and described. Advantages and disadvantages of various biofuels from the system performance point of view are pointed out. An analysis of various biofuels as potential fuels for SOFC and MCFC is presented. The results are compared with both methane and hydrogen as the reference fuels. The biofuels are characterized by both lower efficiency and lower fuel utilization factors compared with methane. The presented results are based on a 0D mathematical model in the design point calculation. The governing equations of the model are also presented. Technical and financial analysis of high temperature fuel cells (SOFC and MCFC) are shown. High temperature fuel cells can be fed by biofuels like: biogas, bioethanol, and biomethanol. Operational costs and possible incomes of those installation types were estimated and analyzed. A comparison against classic power generation units is shown. A basic indicator net present value (NPV) for projects was estimated and commented.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2012, 33, 4; 41-65
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Monte Carlo analysis of the battery-type high temperature gas cooled reactor
    Autorzy:
    Grodzki, M.
    Darnowski, P.
    Niewiński, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240584.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    HTGR
    HTR
    Monte Carlo
    serpent
    U-battery
    SMR
    battery type
    wąż
    bateria
    rodzaj
    Opis:
    The paper presents a neutronic analysis of the battery-type 20 MWth high-temperature gas cooled reactor. The developed reactor model is based on the publicly available data being an ‘early design’ variant of the U-battery. The investigated core is a battery type small modular reactor, graphite moderated, uranium fueled, prismatic, helium cooled high-temperature gas cooled reactor with graphite reflector. The two core alternative designs were investigated. The first has a central reflector and 30×4 prismatic fuel blocks and the second has no central reflector and 37×4 blocks. The SERPENT Monte Carlo reactor physics computer code, with ENDF and JEFF nuclear data libraries, was applied. Several nuclear design static criticality calculations were performed and compared with available reference results. The analysis covered the single assembly models and full core simulations for two geometry models: homogenous and heterogenous (explicit). A sensitivity analysis of the reflector graphite density was performed. An acceptable agreement between calculations and reference design was obtained. All calculations were performed for the fresh core state.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2017, 38, 4; 209--227
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effectiveness of high temperature innovative geometry fixed ceramic matrix regenerators used in glass furnaces
    Autorzy:
    Wołkowycki, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240367.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    effectiveness matrix regenerators
    experimental results on effectiveness of regenerators
    efektywność
    generator obrotowy
    wyniki eksperymentalne
    Opis:
    The paper presents the effectiveness of waste heat recovery regenerators equipped with innovative ceramic matrix forming an integral part of a real glass furnace. The paper full description of the regenerators’ matrix structure with its dimensions, thermo-physical properties and operating parameters is included experimentally determined was the effectiveness of the regenerators has been descrbed using the obtained experimental data such as the operating temperature, gas flows as well as the gases generated during the liquid glass manufacturing process. The effectiveness values refer not only to the heating cycle when the regenerator matrix is heated by combustion gases but also to the cooling cycle in which the matrix is cooled as a result of changes in the direction of the flowing gas. On the basis of the determined effectiveness values for both cycles and measurement uncertainties it was possible, to calculate the weighted average efficiency for each of the regenerators.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2016, 37, 1; 113-126
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Thermal analysis of heat and power plant with high temperature reactor and intermediate steam cycle
    Autorzy:
    Fic, A.
    Składzień, J.
    Gabriel, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/239939.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    cogeneration system
    high-temperature reactor
    exergy analysis
    gas heat pumps
    numerical simulation
    system kogeneracyjny
    reaktor wysokotemperaturowy
    analiza egzergii
    gazowe pompy ciepła
    symulacja numeryczna
    Opis:
    Thermal analysis of a heat and power plant with a high temperature gas cooled nuclear reactor is presented. The main aim of the considered system is to supply a technological process with the heat at suitably high temperature level. The considered unit is also used to produce electricity. The high temperature helium cooled nuclear reactor is the primary heat source in the system, which consists of: the reactor cooling cycle, the steam cycle and the gas heat pump cycle. Helium used as a carrier in the first cycle (classic Brayton cycle), which includes the reactor, delivers heat in a steam generator to produce superheated steam with required parameters of the intermediate cycle. The intermediate cycle is provided to transport energy from the reactor installation to the process installation requiring a high temperature heat. The distance between reactor and the process installation is assumed short and negligable, or alternatively equal to 1 km in the analysis. The system is also equipped with a high temperature argon heat pump to obtain the temperature level of a heat carrier required by a high temperature process. Thus, the steam of the intermediate cycle supplies a lower heat exchanger of the heat pump, a process heat exchanger at the medium temperature level and a classical steam turbine system (Rankine cycle). The main purpose of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the system considered and to assess whether such a three cycle cogeneration system is reasonable. Multivariant calculations have been carried out employing the developed mathematical model. The results have been presented in a form of the energy efficiency and exergy efficiency of the system as a function of the temperature drop in the high temperature process heat exchanger and the reactor pressure.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2015, 36, 1; 3-18
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Thermodynamic analysis of modular high-temperature nuclear reactor coupled with the steam cycle for power generation
    Autorzy:
    Dudek, Michał
    Jaszczur, Marek
    Kolenda, Zygmunt
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240411.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    modular high-temperature nuclear reactor HTR
    rankine cycle
    steam turbine
    Opis:
    Consumption of energy is one of the important indicators in developing countries, but a lot of companies from the energy sector have to cope with three key challenges, namely how to reduce their impact on the environment, how to ensure the low cost of the energy production and how to improve the system overall performance? For Polish energy market, the number of challenges is greater. The growing demand for electricity and contemporary development of nuclear power technology allow today’s design, implement new solutions for high energy conversion system low unit cost for energy and fuel production. In the present paper, numerical analysis of modular high-temperature nuclear reactor coupled with the steam cycle for electricity production has been presented. The analysed system consists of three independent cycles. The first two are high-temperature nuclear reactor cycles which are equipped with two high-temperature nuclear reactors, heat exchangers, blowers, steam generators. The third cycle is a Rankine cycle which is equipped with up to four steam turbines, that operate in the heat recovery system. The analysis of such a system shows that is possible to achieve significantly greater efficiency than offered by traditional nuclear reactor technology.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2019, 40, 4; 49-66
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Thermodynamic evaluation of supercritical oxy-type power plant with high-temperature three-end membrane for air separation
    Autorzy:
    Kotowicz, J.
    Balicki, A.
    Michalski, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240116.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    oxy-combustion
    membrane technology
    air separation unit
    thermodynamic evaluation
    oxy-spalanie
    technologie membranowe
    separator powietrza
    ocena termodynamiczna
    Opis:
    Among the technologies which allow to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, mainly of carbon dioxide, special attention deserves the idea of 'zero-emission' technology based on boilers working in oxy-combustion technology. In the paper a thermodynamic analysis of supercritical power plant fed by lignite was made. Power plant consists of: 600 MW steam power unit with live steam parameters of 650°C/30 MPa and reheated steam parameters of 670°C/6 MPa; circulating fluidized bed boiler working in oxy-combustion technology; air separation unit and installation of the carbon dioxide compression. Air separation unit is based on high temperature membrane working in three-end technology. Models of steam cycle, circulation fluidized bed boiler, air separation unit and carbon capture installation were made using commercial software. After integration of these models the net electricity generation efficiency as a function of the degree of oxygen recovery in high temperature membrane was analyzed.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2014, 35, 3; 105-116
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Utilization of organic Rankine cycles in a cogeneration system with a high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor – thermodynamic analysis
    Autorzy:
    Jędrzejewski, Julian
    Hanuszkiewicz-Drapała, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1845465.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    ORC
    HTGR
    cogeneration system
    reduction
    CO2
    emission
    Opis:
    The paper presents results of a parametric analysis of a hightemperature nuclear-reactor cogeneration system. The aim was to investigate the power efficiency of the system generating heat for a high-temperature technological process and electricity in a Brayton cycle and additionally in organic Rankine cycles using R236ea and R1234ze as working fluids. The results of the analyses indicate that it is possible to combine a 100 MW high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor with a technological process with the demand for heat ranging from 5 to 25 MW, where the required temperature of the process heat carrier is at the level of 650◦C. Calculations were performed for various pressures of R236ea at the turbine inlet. The cogeneration system maximum power efficiency in the analysed cases ranges from ~35.5% to ~45.7% and the maximum share of the organic Rankine cycle systems in electric power totals from ~26.9% to ~30.8%. If such a system is used to produce electricity instead of conventional plants, carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced by about 216.03–147.42 kt/year depending on the demand for process heat, including the reduction achieved in the organic Rankine cycle systems by about 58.01–45.39 kt/year (in Poland).
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2021, 42, 2; 71-87
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Efficiency optimization of a closed indirectly fired gas turbine cycle working under two variable-temperature heat reservoirs
    Autorzy:
    Ma, Z.
    Wu, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240010.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    obieg
    technologie bioenergetyczne
    termodynamika
    turbina gazowa
    wymiennik ciepła
    Bioenergy technology
    Cycle performance
    finite time thermodynamics
    High temperature heat exchanger
    Indirectly fired gas turbine
    Opis:
    Indirectly or externally fired gas turbines (IFGT or EFGT) are interesting technologies under development for small and medium scale combined heat and power (CHP) supplies in combination with micro gas turbine technologies. The emphasis is primarily on the utilization of the waste heat from the turbine in a recuperative process and the possibility of burning biomass even "dirty" fuel by employing a high temperature heat exchanger (HTHE) to avoid the combustion gases passing through the turbine. In this paper, finite time thermodynamics is employed in the performance analysis of a class of irreversible closed IFGT cycles coupled to variable temperature heat reservoirs. Based on the derived analytical formulae for the dimensionless power output and efficiency, the efficiency optimization is performed in two aspects. The first is to search the optimum heat conductance distribution corresponding to the efficiency optimization among the hot- and cold-side of the heat reservoirs and the high temperature heat exchangers for a fixed total heat exchanger inventory. The second is to search the optimum thermal capacitance rate matching corresponding to the maximum efficiency between the working fluid and the high-temperature heat reservoir for a fixed ratio of the thermal capacitance rates of the two heat reservoirs. The influences of some design parameters on the optimum heat conductance distribution, the optimum thermal capacitance rate matching and the maximum power output, which include the inlet temperature ratio of the two heat reservoirs, the efficiencies of the compressor and the gas turbine, and the total pressure recovery coefficient, are provided by numerical examples. The power plant configuration under optimized operation condition leads to a smaller size, including the compressor, turbine, two heat reservoirs and the HTHE.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2011, 32, 2; 3-20
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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