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Wyszukujesz frazę "hardening" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Numerical Analysis of Thermo-Mechanical Phenomena of the Progressive Hardening Elements Made of Tool Steel for Cold Work
Autorzy:
Domański, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352349.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
hardening
strains
stresses
numerical analysis
Opis:
The numerical algorithm of thermal phenomena is based on the solution of the heat conduction equations in Petrov-Galerkin’s formula using the finite element method. In the modeling of phase transformation in the solid state, the models based on the diagrams of continuous heating and continuous cooling (CHT and CCT). In the modeling of mechanical phenomena, equations of equilibrium and constitutive relationships were adopted in the rate form. It was assumed that the hardened material is elastic-plastic, and the plasticizing can be characterized by isotropic, kinematic or mixed strengthening. In the model of mechanical phenomena besides thermal, plastic and structural strains, the transformations plasticity was taken into account. Thermo-physical size occurring in the constitutive relationship, such as Young’s modulus and tangential modulus, while yield point depend on temperature and phase composition of the material. The modified Leblond model was used to determine transformation plasticity. This model was supplemented by an algorithm of modified plane strain state, advantageous in application to the modeling of mechanical phenomena in slender objects. The problem of thermoelasticity and plasticity was solved by the FEM. In order to evaluate the quality and usefulness of the presented numerical models, numerical analysis of temperature fields, phase fractions, stresses and strains was performed, i.e. the basic phenomena accompanying surface layer of progressive-hardening with a movable heat source of slender elements made of tool steel for cold work.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 1; 329-338
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Structure Refinement of Spring Steel 51CrV4 after Accelerated Spheroidisation
Autorzy:
Hauserova, D.
Dlouhy, J.
Kotous, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352039.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
spring steel
Accelerated Spheroidisation
refinement
hardening
Opis:
Material research of the spring steels tries to meet requirements of the industry, which are mainly higher yield and tensile strength. Steel 51CrV4 is widely used for spring production. Optimization of its properties lies in tensile and yield strength enhancement without decrease in ductility in quenched and tempered state. This can be accomplished by structural refinement. One possible way to refine final quenched and tempered structure is refinement of the soft annealed structure before quenching. The article is devoted to accelerated carbide spheroidisation and refinement (ASR) and subsequent hardening of the 51CrV4 spring steel. Samples with different carbide size were prepared by conventional soft annealing in atmosphere furnace and ASR process by induction heating. Influence of the structural refinement on the properties of quenched and tempered state was studied.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 3; 1473-1477
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contribution of Different Hardening Mechanisms during Cold Working of AISI 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel
Autorzy:
Mirzaie, T.
Mirzadeh, H.
Naghizadeh, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356145.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
stainless steels
deformation-induced martensite
work hardening
Opis:
The contributions of work-hardening of austenite and the presence of martensite on the hardening of an AISI 304L stainless steel were evaluated based on plastic deformation under different reductions in thickness at two rolling temperatures. The cold deformation temperatures of 300 K and 373 K were chosen to induce strain-hardening plus strain-induced martensitic transformation in the former and strain-hardening in the latter. This made it possible to elucidate the real effects of strengthening mechanisms of metastable austenitic stainless steels during mechanical working.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 3; 1317-1320
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Mechanical Reclamation Cycle on Strength Parameters of Loose Self-Hardening Sands Based on Furfuryl Resin
Autorzy:
Kamińska, J.
Basińska, E.
Angrecki, M.
Palma, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353768.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
loose self-hardening sand
furfuryl resin
mechanical reclamation
Opis:
The results of mechanical reclamation of waste moulding sands with furfuryl resin and activators of new generation are presented. The aim of the research described in this study was to determine what effect the addition of reclaim obtained in the process of dry mechanical reclamation could have on the properties of furan sands. The sand supplied by one of the domestic foundries was after the initial reclamation subjected to a two-step proper reclamation process. The following tests were carried out on the obtained reclaim: pH, S and N content, loss on ignition and comprehensive sieve analysis. The obtained reclaim was next used as a component of moulding sands with furfuryl resin, wherein it formed 50% and 80% of the base moulding material, respectively. The strength properties of the ready sand mixtures (bending strength Rgu and tensile strength Rm u ) were determined after the hardening time of 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 4; 1843-1846
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fuzzy Logic Enhancement of Material Strain Hardening Data Obtained in the Heyers Test
Autorzy:
Skrzat, A.
Wójcik, M.
Bąk, Ł.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354901.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
fuzzy logic
plasticity
material hardening parameters
Heyer's method
Opis:
Fuzzy logic determination of the material hardening parameters based on the Heyer’s method was applied in this research. As the fuzzy input variables, the length of two measuring bases and the maximum force registered in the Heyer's test were used. Firstly, the numerical experiment (the simulation of the fuzzification of the input data) with the assumed disturbance of input variables was performed. Next, on the basis of experimental investigations (eleven samples made from the same material), the membership functions associated with the input data were created. After that, the fuzzy analysis was examined. Fuzzy material hardening constants obtained by means of the α-level optimization and the extension principle methods were compared. Discrete values of the hardening data are found in the defuzzification process, by application of the mass center method.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 3; 1059-1065
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Welding thermal cycle-triggered precipitation processes in steel S700MC subjected to the thermo-mechanical control processing
Autorzy:
Górka, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355934.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
hardening phases
precipitation processes
TMCP steel
weld
HAZ
Opis:
This study presents tests concerned with welding thermal process-induced precipitation processes taking place in 10 mm thick steel S700MC subjected to the Thermo-Mechanical Control Process (TMCP) with accelerated cooling. The thermomechanical processing of steel S700MC leads to its refinement, structural defects and solutioning with hardening constituents. Tests of thin foils performed using a transmission electron microscope revealed that the hardening of steel S700MC was primarily caused by dispersive (Ti,Nb)(C,N) precipitates (being between several and less than twenty nanometers in size). In arc welding, depending on a welding method and linear energy, an increase in the base material in the weld is accompanied by the increased concentration of hardening microagents in the weld. The longer the time when the base material remains in the liquid state, the greater the amount of microagents dissolved in the matrix. During cooling, such microagents can precipitate again or remain in the solution. An increase in welding linear energy is accompanied by an increase in the content of hardening phases dissolved in the matrix and, during cooling, by their another uncontrolled precipitation in the form of numerous fine-dispersive (Ti,Nb)(C,N) precipitates of several nm in size, leading to a dislocation density increase triggered by type 2 internal stresses.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 1; 321-326
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cylindrical Elements from Steel 38Mn6 after Continuous Induction Heating
Autorzy:
Smalcerz, A.
Barglik, J.
Kuc, D.
Ducki, K.
Wasiński, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355950.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
induction heating
computer simulation
induction surface hardening
microstructure
Opis:
The paper deals with the influence of induction surface hardening on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cylindrical elements made of steel 38Mn6. The first stage was based on computer simulation of the induction hardening process. The second stage - experiments were provided on laboratory stand for induction surface hardening located at the Silesian University of Technology. Microstructure tests were conducted on light and scanning microscopes. The hardness penetration pattern and thickness of hardened layer were marked. It was found that due to properly chosen parameters of the process, the appropriate properties and thickness of hardened layer were achieved.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 4; 1969-1974
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Induction hardening of tool steel for heavily loaded aircraft engine components
Autorzy:
Rokicki, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352313.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
induction hardening
heavily-loaded gears
heat treatment
microstructure
Opis:
Induction hardening is an innovative process allowing modification of the materials surface with more effective, cheaper and more reproducible way to compare with conventional hardening methods used in the aerospace industry. Unfortunately, high requirements and strict regulation concerning this branch of the industry force deep research allowing to obtain results that would be used for numerical modelling of the process. Only by this way one is able to start the industrial application of the process. The main scope of presented paper are results concerning investigation of microstructure evolution of tool steel after single-frequency induction hardening process. The specimens that aim in representing final industrial products (as heavily loaded gears), were heat- -treated with induction method and subjected to metallographic preparation, after which complex microstructure investigation was performed. The results obtained within the research will be a basis for numerical modelling of the process of induction hardening with potential to be introduced for the aviation industrial components.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 1; 315-320
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microstructural Evolution and Oxidation Behavior of Fe-4Cr-6Ti Ferritic Alloy with Fe2Ti Laves Phase Precipitates
Autorzy:
Demirel, Ahmet
Çetin, Emre Can
Karakuş, Ali
Ataş, Mehmet Şahin
Yildirim, Mehmet
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2125526.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
ferritic alloy
microstructure
precipitation hardening
laves phase
oxidation
Opis:
The microstructural properties and hardness of a model ternary Fe-4Cr-6Ti ferritic alloy aged at 800°C for 8, 16 and 24 h are investigated in detail. Fine Fe2Ti Laves phase particles precipitate in the α-Fe (ferrite) matrix phase after solutionizing and subsequent aging treatments. The size and amount of Fe2Ti precipitates gradually increase with increasing aging time. The magnetic measurements of the aged samples confirm the variations in the microstructural properties including the volume fraction of the constituent phases, and Ti content of the α-Fe matrix phase. The mean Vickers microhardness value also increases from 203.5 to 238.4 with increasing aging time from 8 to 24 h. In addition, the cyclic oxidation behavior of 24 h aged sample, which contains maximum amount of Fe2Ti precipitates, is also investigated in detail. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that scale product is α-Fe2O3 (hematite). Significant scale spallation and void formation is observed on the surfaces of 24 h aged Fe-4Cr-6Ti sample oxidized at 500°C.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2022, 67, 3; 827--836
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of the Combined Heat Treatment and Severe Plastc Deformation on the Microstructure of Cunisi Alloy
Autorzy:
Głuchowski, W.
Rdzawski, Z.
Sobota, J.
Domagała-Dubiel, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351854.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
copper alloy
precipitation hardening
microstructure
mechanical properties
electrical properties
Opis:
The aim of this work was to study the microstructure and functional properties of CuNi2Si1 alloy. The material was prepared classically by melting, casting, hot rolling and cold rolling. The obtained strips were processed with combined operations of supersaturation, ageing and one of the intensive deformation method - repetitive corrugation and straightening. The efficiency of RCS operation in shaping of functional properties in precipitation hardened copper alloys depends not only on tool geometry and operating parameters but also on whether and at what stage of strip production the supersaturation operation was applied. Application of the supersaturation before RCS operation broadens the potential to shape the set of functional properties. Comparable functional properties of the precipitation hardened copper alloy strips can be reached without application of the supersaturation operation in their manufacturing processes. The process of RCS applied after annealing, and the potentially slightly lower mechanical properties would be compensated by higher electrical conductivity.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 2B; 1207-1214
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of the Parameters of Robotic TIG Welding on the Microstructure of 17-4PH Stainless Steel Welded Joint
Autorzy:
Nalborczyk-Kazanecka, Agnieszka
Mrowka-Nowotnik, Grażyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203752.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
welding
17-4PH stainless steel
precipitation hardening
heat treatment
Opis:
17-4PH stainless steel finds application in the aerospace industry owing to its good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In the literature, this steel is described as good for welding, but research shows that it may be problematic due to the formation of defects. In this study, the welded joints were made by the robotic TIG welding method with various welding speeds (2 and 3 mm/s). The joints were subjected to non-destructive testing and were free from defects. The microstructure was observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Changes in the microstructure of the heat affected zone were observed and discussed. Based on the observation of the microstructure and the change in the hardness profile, the heat affected zone was divided into 4 characteristic regions. δ-ferrite and NbC were observed in the martensite matrix. The welded joints were subjected to heat treatment consisting of solution and aging in 550°C for 4 h. The microstructure of the heat affected zone become homogenized as a result of the heat treatment. The content of stable austenite in the welded joint after the heat treatment was about 3%.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2023, 68, 1; 339--344
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effects of Laser Surface Hardening on Microstructural Characteristics and Wear Resistance of AISI H11 Hot Work Tool Steel
Autorzy:
Šebek, M.
Falat, L.
Kováč, F.
Petryshynets, I.
Horňak, P.
Girman, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352543.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
hot work tool steel
laser hardening
microstructure
hardness
wear resistance
Opis:
The present study deals with the effects of laser surface treatment on microstructure evolution and wear resistance of AISI H11 hot work tool steel in quenched and tempered condition. The most upper laser-affected zone is characterized by re-melted microstructure consisting of dendrite cells with fresh non-tempered martensite, retained austenite and inter-dendritic carbidic network. The subsolidus microstructure just beneath the re-melted zone represents the most laser surface hardened zone consisting of fresh non-tempered martensite with fine and coarse carbides as a result of overheating the original QT substrate microstructure. The highest microhardness values in the range from 775 to 857 HV were measured for the LSH microstructure and the most softened microstructure exhibited the minimum hardness of 530 HV. The laser treated samples showed the improvement of their surface wear resistance by 35%.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 3; 1721-1726
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of Self-Hardening AlZn10Si8Mg Cast Alloy for the Automotive Industry
Autorzy:
Kuchariková, Lenka
Pastierovičová, Lucia
Tillová, Eva
Chalupová, Mária
Závodská, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27313862.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
self-hardening alloy
mechanical properties
fatigue
deep-etching
aluminium alloy
Opis:
Self-hardening aluminium alloys represent a new and interesting group of aluminium alloys. They have the advantage that they do not need to be heat treated, which is an important advantage that contributes to a significant reduction in production costs of some components and in the amount of energy used. The present paper deals with the possibility to replace the most used heat treatable AlSi7Mg0.3 cast alloys with a self-hardened AlZn10Si8Mg cast alloy. In this study, microstructural characterization of tensile and fatigue-tested samples has been performed to reveal if this replacement is possible. The results of fatigue tests show that AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy after T6 heat treatment and self-hardened AlZn10Si8Mg has comparable values of fatigue properties. The self-hardening alloy has slightly lower strength, ductility, and hardness.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2023, 68, 2; 517--524
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of sand base preparation on properties of chromite moulding sands with sodium silicate hardened with selected methods
Autorzy:
Stachowicz, M.
Granat, K.
Pałyga, Ł.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354867.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
foundry engineering
chromite sand
hydrated sodium silicate
strength properties
microwave hardening
Opis:
The paper presents a research on the relation between thermal preparation of chromite sand base of moulding sands containing sodium silicate, hardened with selected physical and chemical methods, and structure of the created bonding bridges. Test specimens were prepared of chromite sand - fresh or baked at 950°C for 10 or 24 hours - mixed with 0.5 wt.% of the selected non-modified inorganic binder and, after forming, were hardened with CO2 or liquid esters, dried traditionally or heated with microwaves at 2.45 GHz. It was shown on the grounds of SEM observations that the time of baking the base sand and the hardening method significantly affect structure of the bonding bridges and are correlated with mechanical properties of the moulding sands. It was found that hardening chromite-based moulding mixtures with physical methods is much more favourable than hardening with chemical methods, guaranteeing also more than ten times higher mechanical properties.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 1; 379-383
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of Stand-Off Distance on the Structure and Properties of Zirconium - Carbon Steel Bimetal Produced by Explosion Welding
Wpływ odległości blach na strukturę i własności bimetalu cyrkon - stal wytworzonego technologią zgrzewania wybuchowego
Autorzy:
Prażmowski, M.
Paul, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356219.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
explosive welding
Zr/carbon steel clad
hardening
melted zone
intermetallic phases
Opis:
This study focuses on the effect of the stand-off distance between the bonded plates on the properties of zirconium (Zr700) - steel (P355NL2) bimetal produced by explosion welding. Bonding trials were carried out in parallel arrangement at constant detonation velocity. The analyses of microstructural transformations occurring in the bond zone and mechanical properties of the clad were performed for as-bonded welds, i.e. immediately following explosion welding. A general description of the obtained welds was made (height and length of the wave was determined) and the quantitative fraction of the melt zones was calculated along the bond's length. Using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enabled the assessment of the quality of the formed bonds, initial identification of phases and quantitative analysis of the individual phases on the longitudinal section. The microhardness results were used in the analysis of hardening changes at the interface area. The completed research proves the potential to obtain a proper bond for zirconium/carbon steel sheets. A strong effect of the stand-off distance on the strength properties of the fabricated plates was observed, and the 'direction' of these transformations was pointed out. Optical microscopy and SEM examinations allowed determining the characteristic of the bond interface for diverse stand-off distances. It was established that increasing the stand-off distance between the plates causes the reduction of the melt area along the length of the bond, which improves strength properties of the bimetal. The analysis of the strength distribution performed based on the microhardness measurements showed that the changes occur within the distances up to 500μm from the bond interface and the highest hardening, for both zirconium and steel, is directly at the interface and then successively decreases.
W pracy analizowano wpływ odległości pomiędzy płytami na własności układu warstwowego cyrkon (Zr700) - stal (P355NL2) wytworzonego technologia zgrzewania wybuchowego. Próby łączenia wykonano w układzie równoległym, przy stałej prędkości detonacji. Analizy zmian mikrostrukturalnych, jakie dokonują się w strefie połączenia oraz zmian we własnościach mechanicznych plateru prowadzono dla złączy w stanie wyjściowym, tj. bezpośrednio po zgrzewaniu. Dokonano ogólnej charakterystyki otrzymanych połączeń (określono wysokość i długość fali) oraz obliczono ilościowy udział warstwy przetopień na długości połączenia. Zastosowanie mikroskopii optycznej oraz skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej pozwoliło na ocenę jakości powstających złączy, wstępna identyfikacje faz oraz analizę ilościowa poszczególnych faz na przekroju wzdłużnym złącza. Badania mikrotwardości wykorzystano w analizie zmian umocnienia w strefie połączenia. Przeprowadzone badania dokumentują możliwość uzyskania poprawnego połączenia dla układu blach cyrkon/(stal węglowa). Wykazano silny wpływ odległości pomiędzy płytami na własności wytrzymałościowe wytworzonych płyt próbnych, a także udokumentowano 'kierunek', w jakim te zmiany podążają. Badania z wykorzystaniem mikroskopii optycznej oraz elektronowej mikroskopii skaningowej pozwoliły na scharakteryzowanie granicy połączenia dla zróżnicowanych odległości pomiędzy blachami. Stwierdzono, ze zwiększenie odległości pomiędzy łączonymi płytami powoduje zmniejszenie powierzchni przetopień na długości złącza, co polepsza własności wytrzymałościowe bimetalu. Analiza rozkładów umocnienia przeprowadzona w oparciu o pomiary mikrotwardości wykazała, ze zmiany występują w odległości do 500μm od granicy złącza; największe umocnienie, zarówno dla cyrkonu jak i stali, występuje bezpośrednio przy granicy po czym sukcesywnie spada.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2012, 57, 4; 1201-1210
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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