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Tytuł:
Interaction of Liquid Steel with Mould Flux in Continuous Casting Bloom Mould - Numerical Simulations and Industrial Experiences
Autorzy:
Cwudziński, A.
Jowsa, J.
Przegrałek, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
liquid steel
numerical simulation
industrial experiences
Opis:
The device under examination is a mould of a capacity of 0.5 Mg and with inner cross-section of 280×400 mm. The virtual model of the facility under investigation was made using Gambit, DesignModeler and Meshing programs. Computer simulation of the liquid steel flow and mould flux behaviour in turbulent motion conditions was done using the Ansys-Fluent® computer program. On the basis of earlier researches the volume of fluid (VOF) model was applied. Based on computer simulations carried out, steel flow and flux behaviour fields and curves of flux mould entrainment concentration were obtained. The results obtained from numerical simulation were compared with the data obtained during bloom casting under industrial conditions. Based on the obtained information on the interaction of steel with mould flux, the region was determined, in which conditions likely to favour the entrainment of slag portions into the forming bloom exist.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 4; 2013-2020
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of Sheet-Titanium Forming with Flexible Tool - Experiment and Simulation
Badanie kształtowania blach tytanowych z wykorzystaniem elastycznego narzędzia - doświadczenie i symulacja
Autorzy:
Adamus, J.
Lacki, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356127.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
titanium sheet
flexible forming
numerical simulation
Opis:
In the paper the results of investigation of sheet-titanium forming with flexible tool are presented. Titanium alloy sheets belong to a group of materials which are very hard to deform at ambient temperature. To improve sheet formability forming technology using a semi-flexible tool was implemented. Experiments were carried out on a specially designed for this purpose device. Due to the application of a rubber pad the stress state similar to triaxial compression was produced in the deformed material. Such a stress state made it possible to obtain higher material deformation without risk of fracture. The numerical simulations were used for analysing the flexible forming process. The ADINA System basing on the Finite Element Method (FEM) was applied.
W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań procesu tłoczenia blach tytanowych za pomocą elastycznego narzędzia. Blachy ze stopów tytanu należą do grupy materiałów trudno odkształcalnych w temperaturze otoczenia. W celu zwiększenia tłoczności zastosowano technologie tłoczenia półelastycznym narzędziem. Doświadczenia przeprowadzono na stanowisku specjalnie zaprojektowanym w tym celu. Dzięki zastosowaniu gumowej wkładki w odkształcanym materiale wytworzony został stan naprężenia podobny do trójosiowego ściskania. Taki stan naprężenia umożliwił uzyskanie większych odkształceń materiału bez ryzyka pęknięcia. Do analizy procesu tłoczenia elastycznego wykorzystano symulacje numeryczne. Zastosowano program ADINA bazujący na Metodzie Elementów Skończonych (MES).
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2012, 57, 4; 1247-1252
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of Thermo-Bimaterial Effect in Designing of Snap-Fit Joints
Autorzy:
Golewski, P.
Sadowski, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351310.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
snap fit joint
numerical simulation
bi-material
Opis:
Snap-fit connections have been used for many years in various fields of technology and everyday objects. They often have complex shapes, which is allowed by the processing technology of the polymers from which they are made, but they are not designed to carry loads. Changing the material to a metal or fiber composite allows these types of joints to be used as replacements for rivets or screws, but there are problems with the closing technique – an increase in closing force due to the large Young’s modulus ofthese materials relative to polymers without reinforcement. One of the methods to solve this problem may be the use of a thermo-bimetallic effect consisting in heating both or one of the connection parts to the appropriate temperature. This kind of treatment results in deflection of the beam of the clip (Fig. 1), followed by assembly with zero force or less in relation to the case without heating.The paper presents the results of numerical simulations for the connection in which the beam of the clip consisted of two materials: (1) a fiber composite designed to carry loads, (2) thin metal layer tied with the composite and designed to create a thermo-bimetallic effect. In the case of this solution, the main parameter is the difference in coefficients of linear thermal expansion of both materials. The paper presents results for two cases of connection work: closing and opening. The calculations were carried out in the Abaqus/Standard solver using thermal-displacement steps.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 3; 1095-1100
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Filter Thickness on Reoxidation and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy AlSi7Mg0.3
Autorzy:
Bruna, M.
Remišová, A.
Sládek, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352359.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
bifilm
numerical simulation
reoxidation
mechanical properties
filtration
Opis:
The melt cleaning is an important aspect in the production of high-quality aluminum castings. Specifically inclusions within the melt and an excessively high hydrogen content lead to defects and undesired porosity in the castings. Although it is possible to reduce the amount of hydrogen and oxidic inclusions by purge gas treatment and the use of melting salts, it is impossible toremove oxides (bifilms) created during filling of gating system. Paper deals with the effects of melt quality and the placement of a filter in the filling system on Al-7%Si-Mg alloy mechanical properties. Three different filters were used: (a) rectangular ceramic pressed filter with 3 mm thickness (b) cubical pressed ceramic filter with thickness 10 mm (c) cubical pressed ceramic filter with thickness 22 mm. The results showed that the highest tensile strength values were obtained from the filter with thickness of 22 mm. Numerical simulation analysis of the filling process showed that velocity reduction by filter is the major phenomenon affecting the mechanical properties. Another evaluated aspect during experiments was capability of filters to retain old bifilms. For this purpose multiply remelted alloy was prepared and analyzed. Results showed that filter efficiency increases with decreasing melt quality as a result of possibility to retain "old” bifilms better than small and thin "new” bifilms.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 3; 1100-1106
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical simulation of the molten steel flow in the tundish of CSC machine
Symulacja numeryczna przepływu ciekłej stali w kadzi pośredniej urządzenia COS
Autorzy:
Sowa, L.
Bokota, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356209.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
continuous casting
tundish
molten metal flow
numerical simulation
Opis:
The mathematical and numerical simulation model of the liquid steel flow in a tundish is presented in this paper. The problem was treated as a complex one. The velocity fields are obtained by solving the momentum equations and the continuity equation, whereas the thermal fields are calculated by solving the conduction equation with the convection term. One takes into consideration in the mathematical model the changes of thermophysical parameters depending on the temperature. The problem was solved by the finite element method. The one-strand slab tundish is used to casting slabs. The internal work space of the tundish was modified by flow control devices. The first device was a striker pad situated in the pouring tundish zone. The second device was a baffle with three holes. The main purpose of using these was to put barriers in the steel flow path as well as give directional metal flow upwards which facilitated inclusion floatation. The visualization of interaction of flow control devices on hydrodynamic conditions was received from numerical simulations. As a result of the computations carried out, the liquid steel flow and steel temperature fields were obtained. The influences of the tundish modifications on the velocity fields in liquid phase of the steel were estimated, because these have essential an influence on high-quality of a continuous steel cast slab.
W pracy przedstawiono model matematyczny i numeryczny przepływu ciekłej stali w kadzi pośredniej urządzenia ciagłego odlewania. Zadanie potraktowano kompleksowo. Pola prędkości otrzymano z rozwiązania równań Naviera-Stokesa i równania ciagłości przepływu, natomiast pola temperatury z rozwiązania równania przewodnictwa z członem konwekcyjnym. Uwzględniono zmianę parametrów termofizycznych od temperatury. Problem rozwiązano metodą elementów skończonych. Do rozważań wybrano jednowylewowa kadź pośrednia przeznaczona do odlewania wlewków płaskich. Przestrzeń robocza kadzi pośredniej została zmodyfikowana i zabudowana urządzeniami sterującymi przepływem ciekłej stali. Pierwszym urządzeniem był amortyzator kadzi pośredniej umieszczony w strefie jej zasilania. Drugim urządzeniem była przegroda z trzema oknami przelewowymi. Głównym celem użycia tych urządzeń było umieszczenie przeszkód na drodze przepływu stali wymuszających spokojne mieszanie cieczy metalicznej jak również ukierunkowanie płynięcia metalu w górę umożliwiające flotacyjne unoszenie wtrąceń do warstwy żużla. Wizualizacje oddziaływania zabudowy kadzi pośredniej na warunki hydrodynamiczne uzyskano na podstawie wyników otrzymanych z symulacji komputerowej przepływu ciekłej stali. W wyniku obliczeń numerycznych otrzymano pola predkości i temperatury ciekłej stali. Badano w ten sposób wpływ modyfikacji wnętrza kadzi na pola prędkości w fazie ciekłej stali, które maja istotny wpływ na jakość wlewka ciagłego odlewania.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2012, 57, 4; 1163-1169
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical and Laboratory Tests of Aluminum Profile Connection Using the "Popular Lock"
Autorzy:
Golewski, P.
Sadowski, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356834.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
bolt-channel
numerical simulation
popular lock
aluminium profile
Opis:
Aluminum profiles play an important role in civil engineering (facades, walls with windows) as well as in mechanical engineering (production lines, constructions of 3D printers and plotters). To ensure quick assembly, disassembly or changed the dimensions of constructions it is not possible to use such methods as welding, adhesive or riveting joints. The solution may be to use the so-called "popular lock”. It is a mechanism, the closure of which is caused by tightening of the conical screw, joining the "T" profile in the node. In order to properly design using the presented type of connection, it is necessary to know its strength and stiffness both in simple and complex loads states, also including imperfections. In the literature there is no information about the operation of the construction node with the so-called "popular lock”. The paper presents the results of experimental tests for connections subjected to uniaxial tensile test, paying special attention to the defects that may appear during the assembly. In the next step, a 3D solid connection model was created. Numerical simulations were performed in the Abaqus / Explicite program for both uniaxial tensile test and bending tests in two planes. Limit values of loads above which there is a plastic deformation of the material were determined. Determination of stiffness and strength of a single node allowed to make a simplified connector model. Using the numerical model, the analysis was performed taking into account the influence of imperfections on the work of the entire connection.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 1; 339-346
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelling and Simulation of the Magnesium Primary Phase Crystallization in the AZ91/SiCp Composite Dependent on Mass Fraction of SiCp
Autorzy:
Lelito, J.
Krawiec, H.
Vignal, V.
Gracz, B.
Żak, P. L.
Szucki, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/356885.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
numerical simulation
AZ91/SiCp composite
micro-model
Opis:
The aim of this work is to develop a numerical model capable of predicting the grain density in the Mg-based matrix phase of an AZ91/SiC composite, as a function of the total mass fraction of the embedded SiC particles. Based on earlier work in a range of alloy systems, we assume an exponential relationship between the grain density and the maximum supercooling during solidification. Analysis of data from cast samples with different thicknesses, and mass fractions of added SiCp, permits conclusions to be drawn on the role of SiCp in increasing grain density. By fitting the data, an empirical nucleation law is derived that can be used in a micro model. Numerical simulation based on the model can predict the grain density of magnesium alloys containing SiC particles, using the mass fraction of the particles as inputs. These predictions are compared with measured data.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 1; 29-32
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical investigation of heat exchange in rotary furnace
Autorzy:
Kolczyk, E.
Miczkowski, Z.
Czernecki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354348.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
numerical simulation
heat exchange
rotary furnace
slag reduction process
Opis:
Process of heat exchange in a rotary furnace during converter slag reduction was modelled.Temperature distribution in the furnace and temperature of the charge (slag) only were examined. Influence of modification of the process gas supply method by changing the number of nozzles on the course of the reduction process was analyzed. It has been found out that application of a nozzle as a submerged flame burner provides possibilities to reach higher charge temperature. Application of more nozzles in the process of converter slag reduction can increase temperature of reduced slag and provide better uniformity of charge heating.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 1; 149-153
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fatigue Life Predicting for Nitrided Steel - Finite Element Analysis
Autorzy:
Sawicki, J.
Siedlaczek, P.
Staszczyk, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355788.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
numerical simulation
nitriding
fatigue life
fatigue analysis
finite element
Opis:
Thermo-chemical treatments are known to increase the fatigue life of industrial parts. Due to the imprecise consideration of residual stresses in predicting the durability of components subjected to cyclic loading and their effect on the fatigue life, the authors developed a numerical model combining the influence of residual stresses with stresses caused by bending. The authors performed the numerical simulation with the use of Finite Element Method to analyse material behaviour during cyclic loading. The residual stress state developed during nitriding was introduced onto cross-section of the numerical specimen. The goal of this work was better understanding of the real conditions of the nitride steel fatigue processes and improving the knowledge about numerical predicting of the fatigue life for parts with residual stresses. The results of simulation were compared with plane bending fatigue tests. The presented method indicates the possibility of increasing the accuracy of the fatigue analysis of elements after surface treatment, increasing its certainty and the ability to perform better optimization of service life.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 2; 921-927
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of forming thin titanium panels with stiffeners
Autorzy:
Adamus, J.
Winowiecka, J.
Dyner, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352785.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
commercially pure titanium
sheet
numerical simulation
sheet metal forming
Opis:
The growing demand for light and durable products has caused an increase in interest in products formed of thin sheets. In order to ensure sufficient stiffness of the drawn - parts, stiffening is often performed. Unfortunately, during the forming of stiffeners unwanted deformations of the drawn parts very often appear, which prevent them from further exploitation. In the paper, forming thin titanium panels with stiffeners is analysed. The panels are made of sheets of commercially pure titanium: Grades 2, 3 and 4. In the results of numerical analyses which were performed using PamStamp 2G, taking into consideration the impact of the blank holder force and friction conditions on the strain distribution in the drawn parts, sheet thinning and springback values are presented. The numerical analysis results were compared with the experimental tests. It was concluded that in order to prevent panel deformation being a result of residual stresses, it is necessary to ensure adequate friction conditions on the contact surfaces between the deformed material and tools as well as a suitable blank holder force.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 1; 173-180
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of the Use of Technological Lubricants Based on Vegetable Oils on the Process of Titanium Sheet Metal Forming
Autorzy:
Więckowski, W.
Dyja, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353140.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
sheet metal forming
tribological system
technical lubricant
numerical simulation (FEM)
Opis:
The paper evaluates the drawability of titanium sheet metal Grade 2, with the focus on friction conditions that are present in the sheet metal forming process. The study aims to present the results of the examinations of the friction coefficient during a strip drawing test. The focus of the experiment was on lubricants based on vegetable oils i.e. rapeseed oil, sunflower oil and olive oil. Boric acid was used to improve the lubricating properties of vegetable oils. The results of numerical simulations of the process of forming a cover with stiffening components made of grade 2 titanium sheet metal was also presented. The numerical simulation was carried out using the FEM method with PAMStamp 2G software. The effect of conditions of friction between the sheet metal and tool parts and pressure force of the blank holder on the forming process were investigated. Numerical calculations were performed with consideration for the phenomenon of material strain hardening and anisotropy of plastic properties of the sheet metal formed. The analysis of the deformations and reduction in wall thickness of the drawn parts can be used for determination of the effect of changes in selected parameters on the process of drawn part forming. The quality of drawn parts was assessed based on the shape inaccuracy determined during simulation of forming. The inaccuracy depended on the conditions of the process and strength properties of the titanium sheet metal.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 2A; 489-494
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prediction of Chunky Graphite in Nodular Cast Iron on the Base of Numerical Simulation and Experimental Data
Autorzy:
Bauer, B.
Mihalic Pokopec, I.
Petrič, M.
Mrvar, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352270.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
chunky graphite
nodular cast iron
numerical simulation
cooling curve
microstructure
Opis:
Chunky graphite has been recognized for a long time as one of the major problems in production of heavy section nodular cast iron. A great number of studies have been conducted to describe the chunky graphite formation, but a clear understanding of its appearance and a safe mastering of the melt preparation to avoid chunky graphite are not yet available. In the present work the cooling curves were recorded in large cone blocks and standard TA cup. According to measured data from the cone block, melt characteristics and heat transfer coefficient between casting and mould were adjusted in the ProCAST® simulation software. For a near-eutectic nodular cast iron test melt with 0.7 wt.% Ni, relationship between the area of the cone block affected by chunky graphite and simulation software results has been observed, i.e., thermal modulus and time to solidus.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 1; 343-347
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact Behavior of the Ballistic Targets Package Composed of Dyneema Polymer and High Entropy Alloy Structures
Autorzy:
Voiculescu, Ionelia
Geanta, Victor
Chereches, Tudor
Vizureanu, Petrica
Stefanoiu, Radu
Rotariu, Adrian-Nicolae
Mitrica, Dumitru
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2106561.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
ballistic target
high entropy alloy
Dyneema polymer
impact
numerical simulation
Opis:
Ballistic targets are multi-material assemblies that can be made of various materials, such as metal alloys, ceramics, and polymers. Their role is to provide collective or individual ballistic protection against high-speed dynamic penetrators or kinetic fragments. The paper presents the impact behavior with incendiary perforating bullets having 7.62 mm of ballistic packages made of combinations between Dyneema ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene and high entropy alloy from alloying system AlCoCrFeNi, by analyzing the dynamic phenomena (deformation, perforation) that take place at high speeds. The geometry evolution of the physical model subjected to numerical simulation allows a very good control over the discretization network and also allows the export for modeling to nonlinear transient phenomena. The results obtained by numerical simulation showed that the analyzed ballistic package does not allow sufficient protection for values of impact velocities over 500 m/sec.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2022, 67, 2; 569--576
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Simulation of Dendrite Morphology and Micro-Segregation in U-Nb Alloy During Solidification
Autorzy:
Su, Bin
Liu, Jing-Yuan
Zhang, Xiao-Peng
Yan, Xue-Wei
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174585.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
U-Nb alloys
solidification process
dendrite growth
cellular automaton
numerical simulation
Opis:
Due to the importance of uranium and uranium alloys to national defence and nuclear industrial applications, it is necessary to understand dendrite formation in their solidification structures and to control their microstructures. In this study, a modified cellular automaton model was developed to predict 2-D and 3-D equiaxed dendrite growth in U-Nb alloys. The model takes into account solute diffusion, preferential growth orientation, interface curvature, etc., and the solid fraction increment is calculated using the local level rule method. Using this model, 2-D large-scale and 3-D equiaxed dendrite growth with various crystallographic orientations in the U-5.5Nb alloy were simulated, and the Nb micro-segregation behaviour during solidification was analysed. The simulated results showed reasonable agreement with the as-cast microstructure observed experimentally.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2022, 67, 4; 1333--1339
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical Simulations of X22CrMoV12-1 Steel Multilayer Welding
Autorzy:
Kik, T
Moravec, J.
Novakova, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354198.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
numerical simulation
X22CrMoV12-1
welding
SYSWELD
hardness prediction
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to present the procedure test for calibration and validation of the numerical model for X22CrMoV12-1 steel multilayer welding. On the real multilayer weld was described how to arrange the whole experiment in order to obtain not only relevant input data but also verification data. Tests on a specially prepared specimen, welded with 8 beads in 4 layers, allows to determine the actual geometry of the single welded beads, registration of welding thermal cycles and the hardness distribution in successively deposited beads together with determining the heat influence of subsequent layers. The results of the real welding tests were compared with the results obtained from the numerical simulations and extended by the calculated stresses and distortions distributions of the tested specimen. A new, improved hardness prediction algorithm for high-alloy martensitic and bainitic steels was also proposed.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2019, 64, 4; 1441-1448
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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