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    Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2
    Tytuł:
    Wear Mechanisms Analysis of Dies Used in the Process of Hot Forging a Valve Made of High Nickel Steel
    Autorzy:
    Hawryluk, M.
    Gronostajski, Z.
    Kaszuba, M.
    Krawczyk, J.
    Widomski, P.
    Ziemba, J.
    Zwierzchowski, M.
    Janik, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351102.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    tool wear
    tools durability
    destructive mechanisms
    valve engine
    high nickel steel
    Opis:
    The study presents a durability analysis of dies used in the first operation of producing a valve-type forging from high nickel steel assigned to be applied in motor truck engines. The analyzed process of producing exhaust valves is realized in the forward extrusion technology and next through forging in closed dies. It is difficult to master, mainly due to the increased adhesion of the charge material (high nickel steel) to the tool’s substrate. The mean durability of tools made of tool steel W360, subjected to thermal treatment and nitriding, equals about 1000 forgings. In order to perform a thorough analysis, complex investigations were carried out, which included: a macroscopic analysis combined with laser scanning, numerical modelling by FEM, microstructural tests on a scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy (metallographic), as well as hardness tests. The preliminary results showed the presence of traces of abrasive wear, fatigue cracks as well as traces of adhesive wear and plastic deformation on the surface of the dies. Also, the effect of the forging material being stuck to the tool surface was observed, caused by the excessive friction in the forging’s contact with the tool and the presence of intermetallic phases in the nickel-chromium steel. The obtained results demonstrated numerous tool cracks, excessive friction, especially in the area of sectional reduction, as well as sticking of the forging material, which, with insufficient control of the tribological conditions, may be the cause of premature wear of the dies.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2018, 63, 4; 1963-1974
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of the Heating Temperature of a Nickel-Chromium Steel Charge Material on the Stability of the Forging Process and the Durability of the Die
    Autorzy:
    Hawryluk, Marek R.
    Lachowicz, Marzena
    Janik, Marta
    Gronostajski, Zbigniew
    Stachowicz, Mateusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28099626.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    forging
    engine
    chromium-nickel steel with austenitic microstructure
    valve
    forging tools
    Opis:
    The study discusses the issues of low durability of dies used in the first operation of producing a valve type forging from high nickel steel assigned for the application in motor truck engines. The analyzed process of manufacturing the exhaust valve forgings is realized in the coextrusion technology, followed by forging in closed dies. This process is difficult to master, mainly due to elevated adhesion of the charge material (high nickel steel - NCF3015) to the tool substrate as well as very high abrasive wear of the tool, most probably caused by the dissolution of hard carbide precipitates during the charge heating. A big temperature scatter of the charge during the heating and its short presence in the inductor prevents microstructure homogenization of the bearing roller and dissolution of hard precipitates. In effect, this causes an increase of the forging force and the pressures in the contact, which, in extreme cases, is the cause of the blocking of the forging already at the beginning of the process. In order to analyze this issue, complex investigations were conducted, which included: numerical modelling, dilatometric tests and hardness measurements. The microstructure examinations after the heating process pointed to lack of structure repeatability; the dilatometric tests determined the phase transformations, and the FEM results enabled an analysis of the process for different charge hardness values. On the basis of the conducted analyzes, it was found that the batch material heating process was not repeatable, because the collected samples showed a different amount of dissolved carbides in the microstructure, which translated into different hardnesses (from over 300 HV to 192 HV). Also, the results of numerical modeling showed that lower charge temperature translates into greater forces (by about 100 kN) and normal stresses (1000 MPa for the nominal process and 1500 MPa for a harder charge) and equivalent stresses in the tools (respectively: 1300 MPa and over 1800 MPa), as well as abrasive wear (3000 MPa mm; 4500 MPa mm). The obtained results determined the directions of further studies aiming at improvement of the production process and thus increase of tool durability.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2023, 68, 2; 711--722
    1733-3490
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2

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